{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392525797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.2.0381","title":"Common biological factors implicated in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer, conventional and phytotherapeutic approaches employed in management: A review","display_name":"Common biological factors implicated in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer, conventional and phytotherapeutic approaches employed in management: A review","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392525797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.2.0381"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.2.0381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.2.0381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.2.0381","pdf_url":"https://ijsra.net/sites/default/files/IJSRA-2024-0381.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204839","display_name":"International Journal of Science and Research Archive","issn_l":"2582-8185","issn":["2582-8185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4383735917","host_organization_name":"GSC Online Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4383735917"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["GSC Online Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Science and Research Archive","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ijsra.net/sites/default/files/IJSRA-2024-0381.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093232539","display_name":"Gift Crucifix Pender","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-0851","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-0851"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gift Crucifix Pender","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110324208","display_name":"James Ombaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-9942","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-9942"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195610458","display_name":"Maseno University","ror":"https://ror.org/023pskh72","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195610458"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087849","display_name":"University of Rwanda","ror":"https://ror.org/00286hs46","country_code":"RW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849"]}],"countries":["KE","RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James H Ombaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Public Health and Community Development , Maseno University , Kenya","Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , School of Medicine and Pharmacy , College of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of Rwanda , P.O.Box 4285 , Kigali , Rwanda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Public Health and Community Development , Maseno University , Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195610458"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , School of Medicine and Pharmacy , College of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of Rwanda , P.O.Box 4285 , Kigali , Rwanda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000715076","display_name":"Peter Mwitari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6634-0281","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6634-0281"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter G Mwitari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research , Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) , Nairobi , Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research , Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) , Nairobi , Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052784054","display_name":"Bernard Guyah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-9996","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-9996"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195610458","display_name":"Maseno University","ror":"https://ror.org/023pskh72","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195610458"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernard Guyah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195610458"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093232539"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.868,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83240523,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"049","last_page":"074"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10279","display_name":"Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research","score":0.8515999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10279","display_name":"Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research","score":0.8515999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10124","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.05510000139474869,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10543","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research","score":0.03620000183582306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia","display_name":"benign prostatic hyperplasia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate-cancer","display_name":"prostate cancer","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation","display_name":"inflammation","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/5alpha-reductase-inhibition","display_name":"5\u03b1-reductase inhibition","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saw-palmetto","display_name":"saw palmetto","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prunus-africana","display_name":"Prunus africana","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urtica-dioica","display_name":"Urtica dioica","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicinal-plants","display_name":"medicinal plants","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbal-medicine","display_name":"herbal medicine","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hormonal-factors","display_name":"hormonal factors","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conventional-cancer-treatment","display_name":"conventional cancer treatment","score":0.37700000405311584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776235491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9625","display_name":"Prostate","level":3,"score":0.6523056030273438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777562237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835051","display_name":"Hyperplasia","level":2,"score":0.6463368535041809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.6418378949165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780192828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181257","display_name":"Prostate cancer","level":3,"score":0.5248111486434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5054566860198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994223898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9625","display_name":"Prostate disease","level":4,"score":0.4811367094516754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911124710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9625","display_name":"Prostatic Diseases","level":4,"score":0.4527187943458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.4102056622505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2383960485458374}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.2.0381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.2.0381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.2.0381","pdf_url":"https://ijsra.net/sites/default/files/IJSRA-2024-0381.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204839","display_name":"International Journal of Science and Research Archive","issn_l":"2582-8185","issn":["2582-8185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4383735917","host_organization_name":"GSC Online Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4383735917"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["GSC Online Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Science and Research Archive","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.2.0381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.2.0381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.2.0381","pdf_url":"https://ijsra.net/sites/default/files/IJSRA-2024-0381.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204839","display_name":"International Journal of Science and Research Archive","issn_l":"2582-8185","issn":["2582-8185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4383735917","host_organization_name":"GSC Online Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4383735917"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["GSC Online Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Science and Research Archive","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392525797.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392525797.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":158,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W198934061","https://openalex.org/W808161763","https://openalex.org/W1482470520","https://openalex.org/W1484270585","https://openalex.org/W1486034831","https://openalex.org/W1488647301","https://openalex.org/W1537717742","https://openalex.org/W1599271627","https://openalex.org/W1604700616","https://openalex.org/W1673517828","https://openalex.org/W1731047237","https://openalex.org/W1787320721","https://openalex.org/W1801847806","https://openalex.org/W1872583110","https://openalex.org/W1878866779","https://openalex.org/W1911172505","https://openalex.org/W1924053649","https://openalex.org/W1961129264","https://openalex.org/W1963569255","https://openalex.org/W1964766009","https://openalex.org/W1965313980","https://openalex.org/W1965988778","https://openalex.org/W1966080013","https://openalex.org/W1978171956","https://openalex.org/W1978988921","https://openalex.org/W1980091755","https://openalex.org/W1985494083","https://openalex.org/W1985689558","https://openalex.org/W1986000515","https://openalex.org/W1986912016","https://openalex.org/W1987157189","https://openalex.org/W1987237385","https://openalex.org/W1988222534","https://openalex.org/W1989714713","https://openalex.org/W1992254328","https://openalex.org/W1994049856","https://openalex.org/W1994898393","https://openalex.org/W1996322794","https://openalex.org/W1997605348","https://openalex.org/W1998214685","https://openalex.org/W2000876723","https://openalex.org/W2005687876","https://openalex.org/W2005958584","https://openalex.org/W2006859047","https://openalex.org/W2018373111","https://openalex.org/W2023759516","https://openalex.org/W2030379942","https://openalex.org/W2034512273","https://openalex.org/W2035639984","https://openalex.org/W2035957130","https://openalex.org/W2037877598","https://openalex.org/W2038009588","https://openalex.org/W2040958974","https://openalex.org/W2041646612","https://openalex.org/W2041930699","https://openalex.org/W2045121918","https://openalex.org/W2045212154","https://openalex.org/W2046404401","https://openalex.org/W2051673499","https://openalex.org/W2053766817","https://openalex.org/W2055385681","https://openalex.org/W2055900872","https://openalex.org/W2056809993","https://openalex.org/W2061344311","https://openalex.org/W2061367107","https://openalex.org/W2065078105","https://openalex.org/W2065348491","https://openalex.org/W2066846711","https://openalex.org/W2074456831","https://openalex.org/W2077100052","https://openalex.org/W2080143208","https://openalex.org/W2080887232","https://openalex.org/W2081597080","https://openalex.org/W2091198342","https://openalex.org/W2091820777","https://openalex.org/W2091841967","https://openalex.org/W2092566016","https://openalex.org/W2093958389","https://openalex.org/W2094848528","https://openalex.org/W2095134324","https://openalex.org/W2096544053","https://openalex.org/W2096998441","https://openalex.org/W2097848728","https://openalex.org/W2098047873","https://openalex.org/W2098605255","https://openalex.org/W2099517776","https://openalex.org/W2103104072","https://openalex.org/W2104063220","https://openalex.org/W2104345443","https://openalex.org/W2105821762","https://openalex.org/W2106231634","https://openalex.org/W2114153668","https://openalex.org/W2117045418","https://openalex.org/W2121555105","https://openalex.org/W2122492394","https://openalex.org/W2131770336","https://openalex.org/W2131822201","https://openalex.org/W2132135021","https://openalex.org/W2133252611","https://openalex.org/W2133874243","https://openalex.org/W2133929387","https://openalex.org/W2134894853","https://openalex.org/W2141838252","https://openalex.org/W2142466432","https://openalex.org/W2146358835","https://openalex.org/W2148524234","https://openalex.org/W2151554163","https://openalex.org/W2152074367","https://openalex.org/W2153880092","https://openalex.org/W2158294624","https://openalex.org/W2159622045","https://openalex.org/W2160393850","https://openalex.org/W2160972992","https://openalex.org/W2163301118","https://openalex.org/W2170419735","https://openalex.org/W2170666595","https://openalex.org/W2170698081","https://openalex.org/W2170757399","https://openalex.org/W2317511325","https://openalex.org/W2410584190","https://openalex.org/W2417049673","https://openalex.org/W2417166230","https://openalex.org/W2418440684","https://openalex.org/W2471985664","https://openalex.org/W2482538433","https://openalex.org/W2483800985","https://openalex.org/W2494910249","https://openalex.org/W2613863892","https://openalex.org/W2619207401","https://openalex.org/W2737496639","https://openalex.org/W2748885930","https://openalex.org/W2776153589","https://openalex.org/W2799567074","https://openalex.org/W2801558063","https://openalex.org/W2804551733","https://openalex.org/W2898992880","https://openalex.org/W2912655767","https://openalex.org/W2940622671","https://openalex.org/W2944651879","https://openalex.org/W2972454727","https://openalex.org/W2978113402","https://openalex.org/W2999224549","https://openalex.org/W2999652660","https://openalex.org/W3023478961","https://openalex.org/W3031358132","https://openalex.org/W3034395990","https://openalex.org/W3128646645","https://openalex.org/W3135529189","https://openalex.org/W3147142721","https://openalex.org/W3147941944","https://openalex.org/W4229446553","https://openalex.org/W4237053156","https://openalex.org/W4243911487","https://openalex.org/W4249637890","https://openalex.org/W4251855550","https://openalex.org/W4311114659","https://openalex.org/W4376641811","https://openalex.org/W4377088770"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030629629","https://openalex.org/W2091034467","https://openalex.org/W2102169143","https://openalex.org/W4417291654","https://openalex.org/W1982190370","https://openalex.org/W3131132457","https://openalex.org/W4284880438","https://openalex.org/W2758037537","https://openalex.org/W1604700616","https://openalex.org/W4412994721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Benign":[1],"prostate":[2,13,155,168,177],"hyperplasia":[3],"(BPH)":[4],"and":[5,26,29,40,59,66,68,74,100,120,131,147,156,171,193],"Prostate":[6],"cancer":[7],"(PC)":[8],"are":[9,102],"diseases":[10],"affecting":[11],"the":[12,154,176],"glands":[14],"of":[15,42,134,144,153,161],"aging":[16],"men.":[17],"Objective:":[18],"We":[19],"reviewed":[20],"common":[21],"biological":[22,55],"factors":[23,56,152],"in":[24,33,57,64,72,80,89,104,175,215],"BPH":[25,58,65,73,192,211,228],"PC,":[27],"conventional":[28],"phytotherapeutic":[30],"approaches":[31],"employed":[32],"both":[34,105],"conditions.":[35,106],"Method:":[36],"PubMed,":[37],"Google":[38],"Scholar":[39],"Web":[41],"Science":[43],"databases":[44],"were":[45,83],"used":[46,63,71],"to":[47,86,127,200,223,227,229],"search":[48],"for":[49],"information":[50],"using":[51],"key":[52],"words,":[53],"\u201cCommon":[54],"PC\u201d,":[60,67],"\u201cConventional":[61],"approach":[62],"\u201cMedicinal":[69],"plants":[70],"PC\u201d.":[75],"All":[76],"174":[77],"articles":[78,94],"included":[79],"this":[81],"review":[82],"from":[84],"1942":[85],"2023,":[87],"published":[88],"English":[90],"language":[91],"as":[92],"original":[93],"or":[95],"reviews.":[96],"Result:":[97],"Inflammation,":[98],"hormones":[99],"apoptosis":[101],"implicated":[103],"Conventional":[107],"interventions":[108],"include":[109],"watchful":[110],"waiting,":[111],"active":[112],"surveillance,":[113],"chemotherapy,":[114],"immunotherapy,":[115],"radiotherapy":[116],"advanced":[117],"definitive":[118],"therapies":[119],"surgery.":[121],"Phytotherapy":[122],"including":[123],"Saw":[124],"palmetto":[125],"believed":[126],"inhibit":[128,172],"type":[129],"1":[130],"2":[132],"isoenzymes":[133],"5\u03b1-reductase,":[135],"Prunus":[136],"africana":[137],"which":[138],"possesses":[139],"anti-in\ufb02ammatory":[140],"activity,":[141,149],"inhibits":[142],"synthesis":[143],"prostaglandins,":[145],"aromatase":[146],"5\u03b1-reductase":[148],"suppresses":[150],"growth":[151],"cholesterol":[157],"build-up,":[158],"disrupts":[159],"congestion":[160],"blood":[162],"vessel,":[163],"reduce":[164,230],"excessive":[165],"blood,":[166],"decrease":[167],"adenoma":[169],"size,":[170],"cell":[173],"proliferation":[174],"gland;":[178],"Urtica":[179],"dioica,":[180],"Epilobolium":[181],"rosmarinifolium,":[182],"Vitex":[183],"agnus,":[184],"amongst":[185],"others":[186],"have":[187],"reportedly":[188],"demonstrated":[189],"potentials":[190],"against":[191],"PC.":[194,218,232],"Conclusion:":[195],"Researchers":[196],"give":[197,224],"more":[198,206,213,225],"attention":[199,226],"PC":[201],"probably":[202],"because":[203],"it":[204,220],"is":[205,212,221],"life":[207],"threatening,":[208],"even":[209],"though":[210],"predominant":[214],"males":[216],"than":[217],"Therefore,":[219],"worthwhile":[222],"life-threatening":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2024-03-07T00:00:00"}
