{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392507547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0191323","title":"Aerodynamics and aeroacoustics of ducted propellers: A study on the design and geometry effects","display_name":"Aerodynamics and aeroacoustics of ducted propellers: A study on the design and geometry effects","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392507547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0191323"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/5.0191323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0191323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0191323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22862804","display_name":"Physics of Fluids","issn_l":"1070-6631","issn":["1070-6631","1089-7666","1527-2435"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics of Fluids","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007554875","display_name":"Sinforiano Cantos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8539-6523","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8539-6523"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sinforiano Cantos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 1 , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8539-6523","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 1 , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028841741","display_name":"Peng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-9661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-9661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-9661","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081600235","display_name":"Han C. Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-8303","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-8303"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-8303","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008746541","display_name":"Zhida Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0652-9744","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0652-9744"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhida Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0652-9744","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049076392","display_name":"Wangqiao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6158-7023","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6158-7023"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wangqiao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6158-7023","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064739788","display_name":"Siyang Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8235-0706","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8235-0706","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5895-2866"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyang Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8235-0706","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100327619","display_name":"Xin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9322-4115","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9322-4115","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4236-7436","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-0841","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5647-2777","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9654-3859","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5423-5070","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0413-5576","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5893-6563","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1619-1537","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4611-9280"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9322-4115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100327619"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9658,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91831194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11008","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11008","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10173","display_name":"Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics","score":0.01899999938905239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11524","display_name":"Advanced Aircraft Design and Technologies","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ducted-propeller","display_name":"ducted propeller","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-air-mobility","display_name":"urban air mobility","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expansion-ratio","display_name":"expansion ratio","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tip-clearance","display_name":"tip clearance","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thrust-generation","display_name":"thrust generation","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/far-field-noise","display_name":"far-field noise","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tonal-noise","display_name":"tonal noise","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband-noise","display_name":"broadband noise","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-separation","display_name":"flow separation","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delayed-detached-eddy-simulation","display_name":"delayed detached eddy simulation","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ffowcs-williams-hawkings-equation","display_name":"Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equation","score":0.9290000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781212128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256181","display_name":"Duct (anatomy)","level":2,"score":0.71659255027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120763676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381331","display_name":"Aeroacoustics","level":3,"score":0.6967086791992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79420006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533668","display_name":"Thrust","level":2,"score":0.6295826435089111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13393347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8424","display_name":"Aerodynamics","level":2,"score":0.6036911606788635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80055088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205451","display_name":"Propeller","level":2,"score":0.5836131572723389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5392464995384216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5145394206047058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42021957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250457","display_name":"Propulsive efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4752390384674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779570065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754137","display_name":"Leading edge","level":2,"score":0.46786999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4583134353160858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779285531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122921","display_name":"Tip clearance","level":3,"score":0.45079663395881653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.42399829626083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.3742902874946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.33473193645477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.32803648710250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.307147741317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140820882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732722","display_name":"Vortex","level":2,"score":0.20674261450767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10912606120109558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68115822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068172","display_name":"Sound pressure","level":2,"score":0.08565354347229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06812754273414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/5.0191323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0191323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0191323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22862804","display_name":"Physics of Fluids","issn_l":"1070-6631","issn":["1070-6631","1089-7666","1527-2435"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics of Fluids","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/111071","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/111071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-136272","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://lbdiscover.ust.hk/uresolver?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/HKUST:SPI&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.date=2024&rft.spage=&rft.aulast=Cantos+trigo&rft.aufirst=Sinforiano+Sebastian&rft.atitle=Aerodynamics+and+aeroacoustics+of+ducted+propellers%3A+A+study+on+the+design+and+geometry+effects&rft.title=Physics+of+fluids","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3850170142","display_name":"\u65cb\u7ffc\u98de\u884c\u5668\u964d\u566a\u7684\u6c14\u52a8\u58f0\u5b66\u5173\u952e\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"11972029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11491755","https://openalex.org/W21395677","https://openalex.org/W1646579793","https://openalex.org/W1978521305","https://openalex.org/W2052824539","https://openalex.org/W2095534883","https://openalex.org/W2104388595","https://openalex.org/W2146794926","https://openalex.org/W2175831267","https://openalex.org/W2264493463","https://openalex.org/W2316620898","https://openalex.org/W2326675527","https://openalex.org/W2523165462","https://openalex.org/W2621038106","https://openalex.org/W2786601158","https://openalex.org/W2909592771","https://openalex.org/W2947200268","https://openalex.org/W2950370953","https://openalex.org/W2994907628","https://openalex.org/W2997083270","https://openalex.org/W3114940416","https://openalex.org/W3148367600","https://openalex.org/W3152072981","https://openalex.org/W3163376217","https://openalex.org/W3174676009","https://openalex.org/W3178509305","https://openalex.org/W3201711594","https://openalex.org/W4224112141","https://openalex.org/W4282572168","https://openalex.org/W4287985504","https://openalex.org/W4302763096","https://openalex.org/W4304891793","https://openalex.org/W4308744953","https://openalex.org/W4380202739"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389272872","https://openalex.org/W6980645795","https://openalex.org/W7113741429","https://openalex.org/W7131107410","https://openalex.org/W7111492883","https://openalex.org/W7117485653","https://openalex.org/W6969317882","https://openalex.org/W4367672417","https://openalex.org/W7118161425","https://openalex.org/W4391330205"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ducted":[0],"propellers":[1],"present":[2],"broad":[3],"applicability":[4],"in":[5,66],"urban":[6],"air":[7],"mobility":[8],"vehicles":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,21,48,96,191,216],"their":[12],"enhanced":[13],"operational":[14],"safety,":[15],"improved":[16],"aerodynamic":[17],"performance,":[18],"and":[19,44,71,77,101,117,127,170,202],"potential":[20],"mitigate":[22],"noise":[23,103,106,161,181,193,230],"emissions.":[24],"This":[25],"study":[26,85],"proposes":[27],"a":[28,83],"numerical":[29],"approach":[30],"for":[31,53],"designing":[32],"adequate":[33],"duct":[34,149,157,207],"geometries,":[35],"focusing":[36],"on":[37,147,155],"the":[38,111,115,124,131,140,148,153,156,166,192,196,200,203,206,211,220],"duct's":[39],"lip":[40,121],"profile,":[41],"expansion":[42],"ratio,":[43],"tip":[45,212],"clearance,":[46],"aiming":[47],"provide":[49],"valuable":[50],"design":[51],"guidance":[52],"ducted":[54],"propellers.":[55],"The":[56,74,105,120,159,172],"simulations":[57,93],"are":[58,80,94,163],"validated":[59],"through":[60],"experimental":[61],"data,":[62],"showing":[63],"reasonable":[64],"agreement":[65],"terms":[67],"of":[68,114,199],"thrust":[69,79,142,222],"generation":[70],"far-field":[72],"noise.":[73,133],"mean":[75],"flow":[76,99,125,145],"generated":[78,128],"characterized":[81],"with":[82,205],"parametric":[84],"using":[86,110],"steady":[87],"simulations,":[88],"while":[89,151],"delayed":[90],"detached":[91],"eddy":[92],"employed":[95],"capture":[97],"transient":[98],"characteristics":[100],"investigate":[102],"generation.":[104,231],"levels":[107],"were":[108],"computed":[109],"integral":[112],"solution":[113],"Ffowcs-Williams":[116],"Hawkings":[118],"equation.":[119],"geometry":[122],"impacts":[123],"distribution":[126],"thrust,":[129],"modifying":[130],"tonal":[132,180],"Furthermore,":[134],"slightly":[135],"divergent":[136,176],"ducts":[137,177],"can":[138],"increase":[139,187],"total":[141,221],"by":[143,223],"minimizing":[144],"separation":[146],"wall":[150],"increasing":[152],"suction":[154],"lip.":[158,208],"primary":[160],"sources":[162,194],"identified":[164],"at":[165,182,195],"propeller's":[167],"leading":[168,197],"edge":[169,198],"tip.":[171],"results":[173],"reveal":[174],"that":[175],"effectively":[178],"reduce":[179],"all":[183],"observer":[184],"angles":[185],"but":[186],"broadband":[188],"noise,":[189],"attributed":[190],"propeller":[201],"interaction":[204],"Additionally,":[209],"reducing":[210],"clearance":[213],"from":[214],"2":[215],"1":[217],"mm":[218],"enhances":[219],"more":[224],"than":[225],"20%":[226],"without":[227],"causing":[228],"extra":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2024-03-07T00:00:00"}