{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392346121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02806-z","title":"The decline of the Arabian Leopard Panthera pardus nimr in Saudi Arabia: a values-based plan for future management","display_name":"The decline of the Arabian Leopard Panthera pardus nimr in Saudi Arabia: a values-based plan for future management","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392346121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02806-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10531-024-02806-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02806-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02806-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10531-024-02806-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5043789","display_name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","issn_l":"0960-3115","issn":["0960-3115","1572-9710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10531-024-02806-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019428800","display_name":"M. Zafar-ul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1823-553X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1823-553X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143841","display_name":"Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabia)","ror":"https://ror.org/03ypap427","country_code":"SA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143841"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Zafarul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Green Energy and Environmental Policy Department, Biodiversity Division, AlMidra Tower, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Green Energy and Environmental Policy Department, Biodiversity Division, AlMidra Tower, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143841"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081457258","display_name":"Michael Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5107-6441","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5107-6441"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258317","display_name":"National Center for Wildlife","ror":"https://ror.org/00f66ec31","country_code":"SA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258317"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Centre for Wildlife, Alkhzan Street, Ullaishah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Wildlife, Alkhzan Street, Ullaishah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054245764","display_name":"Ahmad Al Boug","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0227-3373","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0227-3373"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258317","display_name":"National Center for Wildlife","ror":"https://ror.org/00f66ec31","country_code":"SA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258317"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed al Boug","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Centre for Wildlife, Alkhzan Street, Ullaishah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Wildlife, Alkhzan Street, Ullaishah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019428800"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143841"],"apc_list":{"value":3790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3790},"apc_paid":{"value":3790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3790},"fwci":1.8631,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82738701,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"4","first_page":"1393","last_page":"1411"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13967","display_name":"Conservation, Ecology, Wildlife Education","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13388","display_name":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critically-endangered-species","display_name":"critically endangered species","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-decline-ecology","display_name":"population decline (ecology)","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-based-management","display_name":"value-based management","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservation-planning","display_name":"conservation planning","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metapopulation-management","display_name":"metapopulation management","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-diversity","display_name":"genetic diversity","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat-conservation","display_name":"habitat conservation","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prey-availability","display_name":"prey availability","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-based-conservation","display_name":"community-based conservation","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saudi-arabia","display_name":"Saudi Arabia","score":0.9179999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778611284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127960","display_name":"Panthera","level":3,"score":0.9635536074638367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776243061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34706","display_name":"Leopard","level":2,"score":0.7692834138870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.5984336733818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5431591272354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.45156338810920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.37971773743629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.35810816287994385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3428768515586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.32470595836639404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2514486312866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.16438108682632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188382862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170430","display_name":"Predation","level":2,"score":0.12755408883094788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.09096726775169373}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10531-024-02806-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02806-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02806-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10531-024-02806-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5043789","display_name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","issn_l":"0960-3115","issn":["0960-3115","1572-9710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10531-024-02806-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02806-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02806-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10531-024-02806-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5043789","display_name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","issn_l":"0960-3115","issn":["0960-3115","1572-9710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324706","display_name":"Saudi Aramco","ror":"https://ror.org/03ypap427"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392346121.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392346121.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603672673","https://openalex.org/W1770095145","https://openalex.org/W1998480062","https://openalex.org/W2020582965","https://openalex.org/W2029230261","https://openalex.org/W2042288996","https://openalex.org/W2056288236","https://openalex.org/W2057400639","https://openalex.org/W2087612737","https://openalex.org/W2116487070","https://openalex.org/W2117402966","https://openalex.org/W2129775337","https://openalex.org/W2178837686","https://openalex.org/W2181067460","https://openalex.org/W2284828884","https://openalex.org/W2323182181","https://openalex.org/W2615861742","https://openalex.org/W2896027962","https://openalex.org/W2988230849","https://openalex.org/W2996687698","https://openalex.org/W3018789744","https://openalex.org/W3091802234","https://openalex.org/W3152681808","https://openalex.org/W4214566198","https://openalex.org/W4281565608","https://openalex.org/W4283697032"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389052986","https://openalex.org/W3018789744","https://openalex.org/W2057400639","https://openalex.org/W2057750832","https://openalex.org/W2896027962","https://openalex.org/W2116487070","https://openalex.org/W4283697032","https://openalex.org/W2996699394","https://openalex.org/W2133803257","https://openalex.org/W7099792593"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,57],"Critically":[2],"Endangered":[3],"Arabian":[4,243],"Leopard":[5],"(Panthera":[6],"pardus":[7],"nimr)":[8],"has":[9,99],"declined":[10],"to":[11,95,198,221,227,255],"near":[12],"extinction":[13],"in":[14,34,54,64,68,131,162,209,247],"Saudi":[15,55,81,248],"Arabia":[16,82,249],"over":[17],"the":[18,35,41,49,52,65,69,89,110,120,125,136,140,163,191,205,231],"last":[19],"fifteen":[20],"or":[21],"so":[22],"years.":[23],"In":[24,118],"this":[25,144],"paper":[26],"we":[27,112,123],"provide":[28,44],"a":[29,45,72,103,114,146,240],"time-series":[30],"assessment":[31],"of":[32,37,51,59,91,109,180,193,211,242],"changes":[33],"rate":[36],"leopard":[38,60,92],"records":[39,61,93],"since":[40],"1930\u2019s":[42],"and":[43,78,128,135,151,176,183,225,229],"values-based":[46,115],"plan":[47],"for":[48,106],"management":[50,116,126,154],"species":[53,206],"Arabia.":[56],"number":[58,90],"rose":[62],"sharply":[63],"1960\u2019s,":[66],"peaking":[67],"early":[70],"2000s,":[71],"time":[73],"where":[74,97],"human":[75],"population":[76,241],"growth":[77],"expansion":[79],"across":[80],"was":[83,149],"also":[84],"increasing.":[85],"However,":[86],"by":[87,139],"2014,":[88],"decreased":[94],"zero":[96],"it":[98,251],"remained.":[100],"Based":[101],"upon":[102,161,196],"clear":[104],"need":[105],"effective":[107],"conservation":[108],"species,":[111],"developed":[113],"plan.":[117],"applying":[119],"planning":[121],"framework,":[122],"defined":[124],"system":[127],"its":[129],"elements":[130],"their":[132],"current":[133],"state":[134,138],"required":[137,181],"year":[141],"2050.":[142],"From":[143],"work,":[145],"value-based":[147],"goal":[148],"established,":[150],"four":[152],"key":[153],"activities":[155,235],"were":[156],"recognised":[157],"(and":[158],"are":[159,187],"expanded":[160],"main":[164],"text).":[165],"We":[166],"recommend":[167],"that":[168],"work":[169],"is":[170,252],"done":[171],"to:":[172],"(1)":[173],"Ensure":[174],"sufficient":[175],"suitable":[177],"(in":[178],"terms":[179,210],"habitat":[182],"prey":[184],"availability)":[185],"areas":[186],"protected.":[188],"(2)":[189],"Reduce":[190],"level":[192],"human-based":[194],"predation":[195],"leopards":[197],"ensure":[199],"sustainable":[200],"mortality":[201],"rates.":[202],"(3)":[203],"Manage":[204],"metapopulation":[207],"structure":[208],"genetic":[212],"makeup":[213],"through":[214],"natural":[215],"and/or":[216,260],"facilitated":[217],"movement.":[218],"(4)":[219],"Continue":[220],"build":[222],"community":[223],"capacity":[224],"willingness":[226],"manage":[228],"protect":[230],"species.":[232],"If":[233],"these":[234],"can":[236,245],"be":[237],"successfully":[238],"completed,":[239],"Leopards":[244],"exist":[246],"if":[250],"adaptively":[253],"managed":[254],"deal":[256],"with":[257],"any":[258],"additional":[259],"emerging":[261],"threatening":[262],"processes.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2024-03-05T00:00:00"}