{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392282166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.3245","title":"The Mpumalanga Highveld Air Pollution Crisis: A South African Reparations Framework for Environmental State\u2013Corporate Harm","display_name":"The Mpumalanga Highveld Air Pollution Crisis: A South African Reparations Framework for Environmental State\u2013Corporate Harm","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392282166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.3245"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5204/ijcjsd.3245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.3245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.3245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738560774","display_name":"International Journal for Crime Justice and Social Democracy","issn_l":"2202-7998","issn":["2202-7998","2202-8005"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319749","host_organization_name":"Queensland University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Queensland University of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.3245","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070917391","display_name":"Busisiwe Kamolane-Kgadima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-8856","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-8856"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Busisiwe Kamolane-Kgadima","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the Witwatersrand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-8856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Witwatersrand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047617273","display_name":"Thandeka Kathi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thandeka Kathi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the Witwatersrand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Witwatersrand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.3319,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99446359,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12895","display_name":"Environmental law and policy","score":0.8384000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12895","display_name":"Environmental law and policy","score":0.8384000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13408","display_name":"Corporate Law and Human Rights","score":0.04439999908208847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13756","display_name":"International Environmental Law and Policies","score":0.02759999968111515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-reparations","display_name":"environmental reparations","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution","display_name":"air pollution","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-mining","display_name":"coal mining","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-fired-power-plants","display_name":"coal-fired power plants","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-accountability","display_name":"corporate accountability","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ubuntu","display_name":"Ubuntu","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-charter-on-human-and-peoples-rights","display_name":"African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restorative-justice","display_name":"restorative justice","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-justice","display_name":"environmental justice","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-harm","display_name":"environmental harm","score":0.35499998927116394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.7765170335769653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992231472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2382319","display_name":"Environmental crisis","level":2,"score":0.6020570397377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4677949547767639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.45954933762550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.4498141407966614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.37566420435905457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3365437686443329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2994474172592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2953950762748718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07928365468978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.05941334366798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.05876389145851135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5204/ijcjsd.3245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.3245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.3245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738560774","display_name":"International Journal for Crime Justice and Social Democracy","issn_l":"2202-7998","issn":["2202-7998","2202-8005"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319749","host_organization_name":"Queensland University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Queensland University of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.journal.library.qut.edu.au:article/3245","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/article/view/3245","pdf_url":"https://www.crimejusticejournal.com/article/download/3245/1460","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401910","display_name":"International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy (Queensland University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","host_organization_name":"Queensland University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy; Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024); 1-13","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2bfe77bf7c684ec98b0b6d91849204e8","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2bfe77bf7c684ec98b0b6d91849204e8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5204/ijcjsd.3245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.3245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.3245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738560774","display_name":"International Journal for Crime Justice and Social Democracy","issn_l":"2202-7998","issn":["2202-7998","2202-8005"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319749","host_organization_name":"Queensland University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Queensland University of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6899999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W312029639","https://openalex.org/W1546980218","https://openalex.org/W1574470037","https://openalex.org/W1603696889","https://openalex.org/W1604124411","https://openalex.org/W2002031328","https://openalex.org/W2004003119","https://openalex.org/W2040729369","https://openalex.org/W2061571248","https://openalex.org/W2062504076","https://openalex.org/W2080251011","https://openalex.org/W2101091932","https://openalex.org/W2106621765","https://openalex.org/W2139331930","https://openalex.org/W2167345254","https://openalex.org/W2200549205","https://openalex.org/W2229116069","https://openalex.org/W2263313035","https://openalex.org/W2269956929","https://openalex.org/W2339546868","https://openalex.org/W2346671294","https://openalex.org/W2364961045","https://openalex.org/W2488784831","https://openalex.org/W2505834764","https://openalex.org/W2600994735","https://openalex.org/W2606093354","https://openalex.org/W2747389867","https://openalex.org/W2769569079","https://openalex.org/W2801284249","https://openalex.org/W2883281091","https://openalex.org/W2902750926","https://openalex.org/W2947719115","https://openalex.org/W2976505730","https://openalex.org/W2983904256","https://openalex.org/W2992572107","https://openalex.org/W3007158522","https://openalex.org/W3007246056","https://openalex.org/W3091931061","https://openalex.org/W3154848964","https://openalex.org/W3185509208","https://openalex.org/W3196888564","https://openalex.org/W3215965044","https://openalex.org/W4200156851","https://openalex.org/W4232295120","https://openalex.org/W4236166811","https://openalex.org/W4242925956","https://openalex.org/W4243832128","https://openalex.org/W4254796933","https://openalex.org/W4293171137","https://openalex.org/W4296435346","https://openalex.org/W4309668093","https://openalex.org/W4381851626","https://openalex.org/W4381851670","https://openalex.org/W4381851705","https://openalex.org/W4381851785","https://openalex.org/W4391285994"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283527376","https://openalex.org/W2183644690","https://openalex.org/W1218062749","https://openalex.org/W7057110661","https://openalex.org/W4381734382","https://openalex.org/W2739825594","https://openalex.org/W3081259369","https://openalex.org/W4200098115","https://openalex.org/W1970061035","https://openalex.org/W7212141022"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,51],"Highveld":[1,97],"region":[2,98],"in":[3,48,131],"South":[4],"Africa\u2019s":[5],"Mpumalanga":[6,96],"province":[7],"has":[8,35,75],"a":[9,20,83,141],"dense":[10],"concentration":[11],"of":[12,27,53,88,114],"coal":[13],"mines":[14],"and":[15,46,59,92,123,126,144,148,152],"coal-fired":[16],"power":[17],"stations.":[18],"As":[19],"result,":[21],"the":[22,31,40,44,49,54,57,63,86,95,100,112,118,145,153],"area":[23],"experiences":[24],"severe":[25],"levels":[26],"air":[28,135],"pollution.":[29],"Despite":[30],"government's":[32,64],"obligation,":[33],"little":[34],"been":[36],"done":[37],"to":[38,62,66],"remedy":[39],"harm":[41],"experienced":[42],"by":[43,111,117],"environment":[45,154],"people":[47,151],"Highveld.":[50],"complexity":[52],"relationship":[55],"between":[56,150],"state":[58],"corporations":[60],"contributes":[61],"reluctance":[65],"hold":[67],"mining":[68],"companies":[69],"accountable.":[70],"Obtaining":[71],"remedies":[72],"through":[73],"courts":[74],"also":[76],"yielded":[77],"limited":[78],"success.":[79],"We,":[80],"therefore,":[81],"make":[82],"case":[84],"for":[85,102],"creation":[87],"African":[89,105,119],"environmental":[90,106],"reparations":[91,107],"submit":[93],"that":[94],"evidences":[99],"need":[101],"such":[103],"reparations.":[104],"must":[108],"be":[109,137],"guided":[110],"principles":[113],"Ubuntu,":[115],"bolstered":[116],"Charter":[120],"on":[121],"Human":[122],"Peoples'":[124],"Rights,":[125],"employ":[127],"restorative":[128],"justice.":[129],"Only":[130],"this":[132],"way":[133],"can":[134],"pollution":[136],"properly":[138],"acknowledged":[139],"as":[140],"multifarious":[142],"harm,":[143],"balance,":[146],"harmony":[147],"unity":[149],"repaired.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2024-03-05T00:00:00"}