{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392249596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231225372","title":"Addressing Race in Fieldnotes in Qualitative Health Research: A Methodological Critique","display_name":"Addressing Race in Fieldnotes in Qualitative Health Research: A Methodological Critique","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392249596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231225372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/16094069231225372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231225372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231225372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210182004","display_name":"International Journal of Qualitative Methods","issn_l":"1609-4069","issn":["1609-4069"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Qualitative Methods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231225372","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051553636","display_name":"Alisha Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3547-3863","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3547-3863"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alisha H. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3547-3863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077082792","display_name":"Janiece L. Walker Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-6591","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-6591"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janiece L. Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["RESILIENCE Center, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RESILIENCE Center, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lucia Caudillo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129858807","display_name":"Universidad de Guanajuato","ror":"https://ror.org/058cjye32","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129858807"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucia Caudillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, University of Guanajuato, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, University of Guanajuato, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129858807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071983726","display_name":"Hyenam Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2907-1235","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2907-1235"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9323808","display_name":"Daegu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqccq48","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9323808"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyenam Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing, Daegu University, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, Daegu University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9323808"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068162755","display_name":"Eliana R Gill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5183-9338","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5183-9338"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eliana Gill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biobehavioral Health and Informatics at the School of Nursing, The University of Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5183-9338","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biobehavioral Health and Informatics at the School of Nursing, The University of Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008463575","display_name":"Tracie Culp Harrison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1348-4337","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1348-4337"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79620101","display_name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00xcryt71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79620101"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tracie C. Harrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Nursing, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1348-4337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Nursing, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79620101"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051553636"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"],"apc_list":{"value":2650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2650},"apc_paid":{"value":2650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2650},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02324059,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11981","display_name":"Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11981","display_name":"Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12880","display_name":"Qualitative Research Methods and Applications","score":0.011699999682605267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11944","display_name":"Participatory Visual Research Methods","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race","display_name":"race","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-notes","display_name":"field notes","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-health-research","display_name":"qualitative health research","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/researcher-bias","display_name":"researcher bias","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-justice","display_name":"social justice","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-equity","display_name":"health equity","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marginalized-communities","display_name":"marginalized communities","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-training","display_name":"research training","score":0.4880000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776546736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335979","display_name":"Fieldnotes","level":3,"score":0.9647372961044312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7345881462097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.5728852152824402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4914921522140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.3823506534099579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35991519689559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.25987720489501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179454799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132151","display_name":"Ethnography","level":2,"score":0.225469708442688}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/16094069231225372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231225372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231225372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210182004","display_name":"International Journal of Qualitative Methods","issn_l":"1609-4069","issn":["1609-4069"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Qualitative Methods","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aba9d6ea7ce74f48aa9039085a788750","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aba9d6ea7ce74f48aa9039085a788750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Qualitative Methods, Vol 23 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/16094069231225372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231225372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231225372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210182004","display_name":"International Journal of Qualitative Methods","issn_l":"1609-4069","issn":["1609-4069"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Qualitative Methods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5676000118255615,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538179437","https://openalex.org/W1603273306","https://openalex.org/W1608386140","https://openalex.org/W1893733677","https://openalex.org/W1969647501","https://openalex.org/W1972189848","https://openalex.org/W1991547013","https://openalex.org/W1995051506","https://openalex.org/W2003122412","https://openalex.org/W2012742372","https://openalex.org/W2016053594","https://openalex.org/W2039830625","https://openalex.org/W2043040869","https://openalex.org/W2052462551","https://openalex.org/W2072487287","https://openalex.org/W2088812778","https://openalex.org/W2103099631","https://openalex.org/W2105113140","https://openalex.org/W2145130887","https://openalex.org/W2169805800","https://openalex.org/W2316403135","https://openalex.org/W2320911356","https://openalex.org/W2321270545","https://openalex.org/W2334945410","https://openalex.org/W2556922590","https://openalex.org/W2597035023","https://openalex.org/W2604612564","https://openalex.org/W2782237678","https://openalex.org/W2795481681","https://openalex.org/W2888081123","https://openalex.org/W2909035592","https://openalex.org/W2923615511","https://openalex.org/W2954128138","https://openalex.org/W2977402842","https://openalex.org/W2979044430","https://openalex.org/W3006266392","https://openalex.org/W3007032951","https://openalex.org/W3008694597","https://openalex.org/W3103096498","https://openalex.org/W3112466272","https://openalex.org/W3113374740","https://openalex.org/W3129770866","https://openalex.org/W3139631313","https://openalex.org/W3168526801","https://openalex.org/W3216061086","https://openalex.org/W4205796131","https://openalex.org/W4205983724","https://openalex.org/W4207020990","https://openalex.org/W4231950196","https://openalex.org/W4237156238","https://openalex.org/W4237385759","https://openalex.org/W4246938793","https://openalex.org/W4380631188","https://openalex.org/W4391268550"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2604612564","https://openalex.org/W4365800273","https://openalex.org/W4389092229","https://openalex.org/W4401406773","https://openalex.org/W87412357","https://openalex.org/W2060564418","https://openalex.org/W3092968875","https://openalex.org/W2341189107","https://openalex.org/W2341982650","https://openalex.org/W161573926"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Attention":[0],"has":[1,19],"recently":[2],"been":[3,20],"given":[4],"to":[5,22,101,124,135,152,176],"the":[6,14,24,53,139,185,196],"role":[7,25],"of":[8,13,26,74,106,127,141,150,167,198],"race":[9,27,49,136,207],"in":[10,28,52,70,155,184,200,203,208],"many":[11],"aspects":[12],"research":[15,54,186],"process;":[16],"however,":[17],"minimal":[18],"written":[21],"critique":[23,73],"qualitative":[29,84,209],"fieldnotes.":[30],"This":[31],"gap":[32],"creates":[33],"potential":[34,59],"conflicts":[35],"about":[36],"representation":[37],"that":[38,82,122],"can":[39],"exclude":[40],"marginalized":[41],"communities":[42],"and":[43,68,96,119,129,137,170,181,194],"call":[44,163],"into":[45],"question":[46],"findings":[47,95,156,204],"when":[48,205],"is":[50,77,89],"ignored":[51],"process.":[55],"To":[56],"successfully":[57],"address":[58],"investigator":[60],"biases":[61],"with":[62,131],"a":[63,72,83,99,148,162,171],"lens":[64],"towards":[65],"social":[66],"justice":[67],"equity":[69],"healthcare,":[71],"foundational":[75],"methods":[76],"required.":[78],"Here":[79],"we":[80,113],"posit":[81],"health":[85],"researchers\u2019":[86],"primary":[87],"tool":[88],"their":[90],"fieldnotes":[91,121,154,183],"because":[92],"they":[93],"contextualize":[94],"serve":[97],"as":[98],"method":[100],"learn":[102],"through":[103],"systematic":[104],"interpretation":[105],"local":[107],"meanings":[108],"revealed":[109],"by":[110,147],"participants.":[111,132],"Here,":[112],"provide":[114],"researchers":[115,169,175],"guidance":[116,189],"for":[117,164,173,179],"teaching":[118],"writing":[120],"speak":[123],"current":[125],"nuances":[126],"observations":[128],"interactions":[130],"Definitions":[133],"related":[134],"ethnicity,":[138],"importance":[140],"applying":[142],"appropriate":[143],"sensitizing":[144],"frameworks,":[145],"followed":[146],"discussion":[149],"how":[151],"use":[153],"are":[157],"covered.":[158],"We":[159],"include":[160],"(1)":[161],"more":[165],"preparation":[166],"novice":[168],"challenge":[172],"established":[174],"update":[177],"expertise":[178],"collecting":[180],"using":[182],"process,":[187],"(2)":[188],"on":[190],"negotiating":[191],"difficult":[192],"situations,":[193],"(3)":[195],"significance":[197],"language":[199],"creating":[201],"credibility":[202],"addressing":[206],"research.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2024-03-05T00:00:00"}