{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392145545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w32100","title":"Does Pension Automatic Enrollment Increase Debt? Evidence from a Large-Scale Natural Experiment","display_name":"Does Pension Automatic Enrollment Increase Debt? Evidence from a Large-Scale Natural Experiment","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392145545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w32100"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w32100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w32100","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w32100","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w32100","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w32100","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084393981","display_name":"John Leonard Beshears","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3808-6423","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3808-6423"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Beshears","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University - Business School (HBS)","Harvard University - Business School (HBS), Soldiers Field Road, Morgan 270C, Boston, MA 02163, United States","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States","Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138","Department of Economics Littauer M-","Harvard Business School Baker Library 439 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","NEST Corporation","University Park Nottingham NG8 1AA United Kingdom","University of Nottingham","University of Nottingham School of Economics Sir Clive Granger Building","Warwick Business School University of Warwick England","Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208200 New Haven, CT 06520-8200"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University - Business School (HBS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University - Business School (HBS), Soldiers Field Road, Morgan 270C, Boston, MA 02163, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics Littauer M-","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Business School Baker Library 439 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEST Corporation","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Park Nottingham NG8 1AA United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham School of Economics Sir Clive Granger Building","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warwick Business School University of Warwick England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208200 New Haven, CT 06520-8200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070837417","display_name":"Matthew Blakstad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Blakstad","raw_affiliation_strings":["NEST Corporation","NEST Corporation, 201-211 Borough High Street, London, SE1 1JA, United Kingdom","Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138","Department of Economics Littauer M-","Harvard Business School Baker Library 439 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","University Park Nottingham NG8 1AA United Kingdom","University of Nottingham","University of Nottingham School of Economics Sir Clive Granger Building","Warwick Business School University of Warwick England","Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208200 New Haven, CT 06520-8200"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEST Corporation","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEST Corporation, 201-211 Borough High Street, London, SE1 1JA, United Kingdom","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics Littauer M-","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Business School Baker Library 439 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Park Nottingham NG8 1AA United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham School of Economics Sir Clive Granger Building","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warwick Business School University of Warwick England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208200 New Haven, CT 06520-8200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102947185","display_name":"James J. Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3517-6885","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3517-6885"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James J. Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States","Yale School of Management","Yale School of Management, 135 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208200, New Haven, CT 06520-8200, United States","Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138","Department of Economics Littauer M-","Harvard Business School Baker Library 439 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","NEST Corporation","University Park Nottingham NG8 1AA United Kingdom","University of Nottingham","University of Nottingham School of Economics Sir Clive Granger Building","Warwick Business School University of Warwick England","Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208200 New Haven, CT 06520-8200"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Management","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Management, 135 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208200, New Haven, CT 06520-8200, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics Littauer M-","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Business School Baker Library 439 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEST Corporation","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Park Nottingham NG8 1AA United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham School of Economics Sir Clive Granger Building","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warwick Business School University of Warwick England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208200 New Haven, CT 06520-8200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081927821","display_name":"Christopher Firth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Firth","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham","University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG8 1BB, United Kingdom","Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138","Department of Economics Littauer M-","Harvard Business School Baker Library 439 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","NEST Corporation","University Park Nottingham NG8 1AA United Kingdom","University of Nottingham School of Economics Sir Clive Granger Building","Warwick Business School University of Warwick England","Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208200 New Haven, CT 06520-8200"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG8 1BB, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics Littauer M-","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Business School Baker Library 439 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEST Corporation","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Park Nottingham NG8 1AA United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham School of Economics Sir Clive Granger Building","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warwick Business School University of Warwick England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208200 New Haven, CT 06520-8200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038173001","display_name":"John Gathergood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0067-8324","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0067-8324"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Gathergood","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham - School of Economics","University of Nottingham - School of Economics, Sir Clive Granger Building, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom","Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138","Department of Economics Littauer M-","Harvard Business School Baker Library 439 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","NEST Corporation","University Park Nottingham NG8 1AA United Kingdom","University of Nottingham","University of Nottingham School of Economics Sir Clive Granger Building","Warwick Business School University of Warwick England","Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208200 New Haven, CT 06520-8200"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0067-8324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham - School of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham - School of Economics, Sir Clive Granger Building, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics Littauer M-","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Business School Baker Library 439 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEST Corporation","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Park Nottingham NG8 1AA United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham School of Economics Sir Clive Granger Building","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warwick Business School University of Warwick England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208200 New Haven, CT 06520-8200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058269956","display_name":"David Laibson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4556-8508","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4556-8508"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David I. Laibson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University - Department of Economics","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138","Department of Economics Littauer M-","Harvard Business School Baker Library 439 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","NEST Corporation","University Park Nottingham NG8 1AA United Kingdom","University of Nottingham","University of Nottingham School of Economics Sir Clive Granger Building","Warwick Business School University of Warwick England","Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208200 New Haven, CT 06520-8200"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics Littauer M-","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Business School Baker Library 439 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEST Corporation","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Park Nottingham NG8 1AA United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham School of Economics Sir Clive Granger Building","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warwick Business School University of Warwick England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208200 New Haven, CT 06520-8200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Richard Notley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Notley","raw_affiliation_strings":["NEST Corporation","Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138","Department of Economics Littauer M-","Harvard Business School Baker Library 439 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","University Park Nottingham NG8 1AA United Kingdom","University of Nottingham","University of Nottingham School of Economics Sir Clive Granger Building","Warwick Business School University of Warwick England","Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208200 New Haven, CT 06520-8200"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEST Corporation","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics Littauer M-","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Business School Baker Library 439 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Park Nottingham NG8 1AA United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham School of Economics Sir Clive Granger Building","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warwick Business School University of Warwick England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208200 New Haven, CT 06520-8200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047477310","display_name":"Jesal D. Sheth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesal Sheth","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham","Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138","Department of Economics Littauer M-","Harvard Business School Baker Library 439 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","NEST Corporation","University Park Nottingham NG8 1AA United Kingdom","University of Nottingham School of Economics Sir Clive Granger Building","Warwick Business School University of Warwick England","Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208200 New Haven, CT 06520-8200"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics Littauer M-","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Business School Baker Library 439 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEST Corporation","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Park Nottingham NG8 1AA United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham School of Economics Sir Clive Granger Building","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warwick Business School University of Warwick England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208200 New Haven, CT 06520-8200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081176087","display_name":"Will Sandbrook","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Will Sandbrook","raw_affiliation_strings":["NEST Corporation","NEST Corporation, 201-211 Borough High Street, London, SE1 1JA, United Kingdom","Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138","Department of Economics Littauer M-","Harvard Business School Baker Library 439 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","University Park Nottingham NG8 1AA United Kingdom","University of Nottingham","University of Nottingham School of Economics Sir Clive Granger Building","Warwick Business School University of Warwick England","Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208200 New Haven, CT 06520-8200"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEST Corporation","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEST Corporation, 201-211 Borough High Street, London, SE1 1JA, United Kingdom","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics Littauer M-","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Business School Baker Library 439 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Park Nottingham NG8 1AA United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham School of Economics Sir Clive Granger Building","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warwick Business School University of Warwick England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208200 New Haven, CT 06520-8200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009418620","display_name":"Neil Stewart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2202-018X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2202-018X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Stewart","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Warwick","University of Warwick - Warwick Business School, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom","Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138","Department of Economics Littauer M-","Harvard Business School Baker Library 439 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163","NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","NEST Corporation","University Park Nottingham NG8 1AA United Kingdom","University of Nottingham","University of Nottingham School of Economics Sir Clive Granger Building","Warwick Business School University of Warwick England","Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208200 New Haven, CT 06520-8200"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2202-018X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Warwick","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Warwick - Warwick Business School, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics Littauer M-","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Business School Baker Library 439 Soldiers Field Boston, MA 02163","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEST Corporation","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Park Nottingham NG8 1AA United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham School of Economics Sir Clive Granger Building","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warwick Business School University of Warwick England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Management 165 Whitney Avenue P.O. Box 208200 New Haven, CT 06520-8200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084393981"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I32971472","https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-enrollment","display_name":"automatic enrollment","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pension-plans","display_name":"pension plans","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retirement-savings","display_name":"retirement savings","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-debt","display_name":"household debt","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsecured-debt","display_name":"unsecured debt","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortgage-borrowing","display_name":"mortgage borrowing","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loan-default","display_name":"loan default","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credit-scores","display_name":"credit scores","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-employers","display_name":"small employers","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-experiment","display_name":"natural experiment","score":0.3149999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49630185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6980675","display_name":"Natural experiment","level":2,"score":0.7807777523994446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780899237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156223","display_name":"Pension","level":2,"score":0.7279067039489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6245272159576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.5675392150878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5418033003807068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4166450500488281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.34856200218200684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.15567734837532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13017165660858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0904792845249176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06471282243728638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.05757305026054382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3386/w32100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w32100","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w32100","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w32100","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4716663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4716663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4716663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32100","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w32100.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w32100.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w32100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w32100","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w32100","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w32100","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392145545.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392145545.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481908410","https://openalex.org/W1482969395","https://openalex.org/W1499926663","https://openalex.org/W1844719443","https://openalex.org/W2110070697","https://openalex.org/W2122545855","https://openalex.org/W2142594557","https://openalex.org/W2164751117","https://openalex.org/W2236924981","https://openalex.org/W2734700351","https://openalex.org/W2735395249","https://openalex.org/W2775471860","https://openalex.org/W2885441755","https://openalex.org/W2889697610","https://openalex.org/W2890802945","https://openalex.org/W2897249914","https://openalex.org/W2916337853","https://openalex.org/W2963001762","https://openalex.org/W3020826858","https://openalex.org/W3086410377","https://openalex.org/W3121976454","https://openalex.org/W3122174535","https://openalex.org/W3125384181","https://openalex.org/W3125561493","https://openalex.org/W3165124019","https://openalex.org/W4230296314","https://openalex.org/W4235610140","https://openalex.org/W4293240999","https://openalex.org/W4293510682","https://openalex.org/W4293576185","https://openalex.org/W4309650726","https://openalex.org/W4389726663","https://openalex.org/W6991838853"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7159562107","https://openalex.org/W2775471860","https://openalex.org/W2951398763","https://openalex.org/W7023674747","https://openalex.org/W4403176708","https://openalex.org/W2952206432","https://openalex.org/W3034015461","https://openalex.org/W2897936301","https://openalex.org/W4401689560","https://openalex.org/W2973050432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Does":[0],"automatic":[1,14,34],"enrollment":[2,15,35,89],"into":[3],"retirement":[4],"saving":[5],"increase":[6],"household":[7],"debt?We":[8],"study":[9],"the":[10,21,29,44,54,74],"randomized":[11],"roll-out":[12],"of":[13,76],"pensions":[16],"to":[17,93,98],"~160,000":[18],"employers":[19],"in":[20,41],"United":[22],"Kingdom":[23],"with":[24],"2-29":[25],"employees.We":[26],"find":[27],"that":[28],"additional":[30,51],"savings":[31,60],"generated":[32],"through":[33],"are":[36],"partially":[37],"offset":[38],"by":[39,61,72,80,87],"increases":[40,53],"unsecured":[42,63],"debt.Over":[43],"first":[45],"41":[46],"months":[47],"after":[48],"enrollment,":[49],"each":[50],"month":[52],"average":[55],"automatically":[56],"enrolled":[57],"employee's":[58],"pension":[59],"\u00a333-\u00a339,":[62],"debt":[64],"(such":[65],"as":[66],"personal":[67],"loans":[68],"and":[69,84,95],"bank":[70],"overdrafts)":[71],"\u00a37,":[73],"likelihood":[75],"having":[77],"a":[78],"mortgage":[79,85],"0.05":[81],"percentage":[82],"points,":[83],"balances":[86],"\u00a3120.Automatic":[88],"causes":[90],"loan":[91],"defaults":[92],"fall":[94],"credit":[96],"scores":[97],"rise":[99],"modestly.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2024-02-26T00:00:00"}
