{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392030196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13050662","title":"Germination: A Powerful Way to Improve the Nutritional, Functional, and Molecular Properties of White- and Red-Colored Sorghum Grains","display_name":"Germination: A Powerful Way to Improve the Nutritional, Functional, and Molecular Properties of White- and Red-Colored Sorghum Grains","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392030196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13050662","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38472774","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10930389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/foods13050662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13050662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13050662","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/5/662/pdf?version=1708584403","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737939966","display_name":"Foods","issn_l":"2304-8158","issn":["2304-8158"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/5/662/pdf?version=1708584403","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036885185","display_name":"\u00c7a\u011fla Kayi\u015fo\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5235-7963","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5235-7963"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360972","display_name":"Hitit \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8m3269","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360972"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cagla Kayisoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scientific Technical Application and Research Center, Hitit University, 19030 \u00c7orum, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Technical Application and Research Center, Hitit University, 19030 \u00c7orum, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360972"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024829836","display_name":"Ebrar Alt\u0131karde\u015f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7261-2140","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7261-2140"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360972","display_name":"Hitit \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8m3269","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360972"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ebrar Altikardes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Engineering, Hitit University, 19030 \u00c7orum, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Engineering, Hitit University, 19030 \u00c7orum, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360972"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065659722","display_name":"Nihal G\u00fczel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2387-9009","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2387-9009"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360972","display_name":"Hitit \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8m3269","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360972"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nihal Guzel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Engineering, Hitit University, 19030 \u00c7orum, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Engineering, Hitit University, 19030 \u00c7orum, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360972"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108902912","display_name":"Secil Uzel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360972","display_name":"Hitit \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8m3269","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360972"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Secil Uzel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Engineering, Hitit University, 19030 \u00c7orum, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5763-2744","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Engineering, Hitit University, 19030 \u00c7orum, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360972"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108902912"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360972"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3296},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3296},"fwci":6.2684,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97723346,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"662","last_page":"662"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14127","display_name":"Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development","score":0.38040000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14127","display_name":"Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development","score":0.38040000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14505","display_name":"Natural Products and Applications","score":0.35910001397132874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10140","display_name":"Food composition and properties","score":0.1444000005722046,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorghum","display_name":"sorghum","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-germination","display_name":"seed germination","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-sorghum","display_name":"Red Sorghum","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-sorghum","display_name":"white sorghum","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutritional-properties","display_name":"nutritional properties","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-properties","display_name":"functional properties","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antinutritional-factors","display_name":"antinutritional factors","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-content","display_name":"mineral content","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-phenolic-content","display_name":"total phenolic content","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/starch-content","display_name":"starch content","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibers","display_name":"fibers","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lignin","display_name":"lignin","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-and-fat-content","display_name":"protein and fat content","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-color","display_name":"grain color","score":0.367000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778157034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12111","display_name":"Sorghum","level":2,"score":0.9517430067062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100701293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193838","display_name":"Germination","level":2,"score":0.941016674041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529335014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41534","display_name":"Starch","level":2,"score":0.5625158548355103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780848231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3123184","display_name":"Sweet sorghum","level":3,"score":0.5443649888038635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.48953208327293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.40989306569099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.40547335147857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.40004074573516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3441101908683777}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/foods13050662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13050662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13050662","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/5/662/pdf?version=1708584403","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737939966","display_name":"Foods","issn_l":"2304-8158","issn":["2304-8158"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foods","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10930389","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10930389","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10930389/pdf/foods-13-00662.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foods","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:38472774","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38472774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foods (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:earsiv.hitit.edu.tr:11491/8812","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11491/8812","pdf_url":"https://earsiv.hitit.edu.tr/bitstreams/a82b8314-9b0b-48ea-9e8c-dcd6739967c0/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055343","display_name":"Hitit University Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:378fdadafb2149b284da38e7b0fd43b3","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/378fdadafb2149b284da38e7b0fd43b3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Foods, Vol 13, Iss 5, p 662 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/foods13050662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13050662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13050662","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/5/662/pdf?version=1708584403","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737939966","display_name":"Foods","issn_l":"2304-8158","issn":["2304-8158"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4704394228","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MUH19001.21.013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331000","funder_display_name":"Hitit \u00dcniversitesi"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331000","display_name":"Hitit \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8m3269"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392030196.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392030196.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494134908","https://openalex.org/W1502298758","https://openalex.org/W1974362201","https://openalex.org/W1975095703","https://openalex.org/W1997087247","https://openalex.org/W2029922594","https://openalex.org/W2063821110","https://openalex.org/W2065853716","https://openalex.org/W2078555327","https://openalex.org/W2095068856","https://openalex.org/W2114004260","https://openalex.org/W2154712273","https://openalex.org/W2201478212","https://openalex.org/W2592320048","https://openalex.org/W2737212168","https://openalex.org/W2884269796","https://openalex.org/W2896888197","https://openalex.org/W2945675541","https://openalex.org/W2946636581","https://openalex.org/W2980691618","https://openalex.org/W3000873738","https://openalex.org/W3011858133","https://openalex.org/W3013271234","https://openalex.org/W3018488285","https://openalex.org/W3037992214","https://openalex.org/W3047798783","https://openalex.org/W3080826653","https://openalex.org/W3091730582","https://openalex.org/W3093036461","https://openalex.org/W3093670103","https://openalex.org/W3111660463","https://openalex.org/W3128925955","https://openalex.org/W3129376042","https://openalex.org/W3171007942","https://openalex.org/W3200643883","https://openalex.org/W4200063206","https://openalex.org/W4200356864","https://openalex.org/W4200374496","https://openalex.org/W4211016579","https://openalex.org/W4221048291","https://openalex.org/W4223917366","https://openalex.org/W4224300699","https://openalex.org/W4229455832","https://openalex.org/W4281708577","https://openalex.org/W4296229257","https://openalex.org/W4391533165"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766775420","https://openalex.org/W4387669768","https://openalex.org/W4401315382","https://openalex.org/W4200529920","https://openalex.org/W4391542873","https://openalex.org/W2104007294","https://openalex.org/W4413882405","https://openalex.org/W2481388619","https://openalex.org/W4281708577","https://openalex.org/W3013271234"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,42],"explored":[2],"the":[3,6,27,107,117,166,181,205,215,220,226],"effects":[4],"of":[5,8,26,106,120,164,183,229],"germination":[7,112,207,216],"red":[9,133,144,232],"and":[10,33,48,60,73,79,97,214,231],"white":[11,121,184,230],"sorghum":[12,68,82,102,122,134,145,185,233],"grains":[13,69,83],"(Sorghum":[14],"bicolor":[15],"[Moench":[16],"(L.)])":[17],"for":[18],"up":[19],"to":[20,53,154,177,198,225],"seven":[21],"days":[22],"on":[23],"various":[24],"properties":[25,222],"grain.":[28],"Germination":[29,57,93],"enriched":[30],"sorghum\u2019s":[31],"nutritional":[32],"sensory":[34],"qualities":[35],"while":[36],"mitigating":[37],"existing":[38],"anti-nutritional":[39],"factors.":[40],"The":[41,104],"employed":[43],"Fourier-transformed":[44],"infrared":[45],"spectroscopy":[46],"(FT-IR)":[47],"scanning":[49],"electron":[50],"microscopy":[51],"techniques":[52],"support":[54],"its":[55],"findings.":[56],"increased":[58,95,187],"protein":[59],"lipid":[61],"content":[62,90,141],"but":[63,75],"decreased":[64,76],"starch":[65],"content.":[66],"White":[67],"showed":[70,84,169,211],"elevated":[71],"calcium":[72],"magnesium":[74],"iron,":[77],"potassium,":[78],"zinc.":[80],"Red":[81],"a":[85,170],"consistent":[86],"decrease":[87],"in":[88,100,116,132,143,173],"mineral":[89],"during":[91,204],"germination.":[92],"also":[94],"fiber":[96],"lignin":[98],"values":[99],"both":[101],"varieties.":[103],"results":[105],"FT-IR":[108],"analysis":[109],"demonstrate":[110],"that":[111,223],"induced":[113],"significant":[114],"changes":[115],"molecular":[118],"structure":[119],"samples":[123,135],"after":[124],"24":[125],"h,":[126],"whereas":[127],"this":[128],"transformation":[129],"was":[130],"observed":[131],"at":[136],"four":[137],"days.":[138],"Total":[139],"phenolic":[140],"(TPC)":[142],"ranged":[146],"from":[147,191],"136.64":[148],"\u00b1":[149,156,193],"3.76":[150],"mg":[151,158,195,200],"GAE/100":[152,159,196,201],"g":[153,197],"379.5":[155],"6.92":[157],"g.":[160,202],"After":[161],"72":[162],"h":[163],"germination,":[165],"germinated":[167],"seeds":[168],"threefold":[171],"increase":[172],"TPC":[174,182],"when":[175],"compared":[176],"ungerminated":[178],"seeds.":[179],"Similarly,":[180],"significantly":[186],"(p":[188],"<":[189],"0.05)":[190],"52.84":[192],"3.31":[194],"151.76":[199],"Overall,":[203],"7-day":[206],"period,":[208],"all":[209],"parameters":[210],"an":[212],"increase,":[213],"process":[217],"positively":[218],"impacted":[219],"functional":[221],"contributed":[224],"health":[227],"benefits":[228],"samples.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2024-02-23T00:00:00"}