{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392014548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10691-1","title":"Artificial intelligent Global Online Learning (GOL) theory by generalized n-ary fuzzy relation","display_name":"Artificial intelligent Global Online Learning (GOL) theory by generalized n-ary fuzzy relation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392014548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10691-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-023-10691-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10691-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10691-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-023-10691-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-023-10691-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020658652","display_name":"Abbas Amini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-9243","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-9243"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63525965","display_name":"Western Sydney University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t52dk35","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abbas Amini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia","College of Engineering & Energy, Abdullah Al Salem University (AASU), Khaldiya, Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering & Energy, Abdullah Al Salem University (AASU), Khaldiya, Kuwait","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032123516","display_name":"Narjes Firouzkouhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2716-549X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2716-549X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112536369","display_name":"Yazd University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x99ac45","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Narjes Firouzkouhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077553626","display_name":"Marziyeh Nazari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6805-4705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6805-4705"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67042835","display_name":"Australian University, Kuwait","ror":"https://ror.org/02029th93","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67042835"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71270174","display_name":"Victoria University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j757h98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71270174"]}],"countries":["AU","KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marziyeh Nazari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities (ISILC), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia","Mathematics and Physics Department, College of Engineering, Australian University-Kuwait, P.O.Box: 1411, 13015, Safat, Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities (ISILC), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71270174"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics and Physics Department, College of Engineering, Australian University-Kuwait, P.O.Box: 1411, 13015, Safat, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67042835"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016428631","display_name":"Nader Ghareeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9482-9650","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9482-9650"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67042835","display_name":"Australian University, Kuwait","ror":"https://ror.org/02029th93","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67042835"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nader Ghareeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Australian University-Kuwait, Mishref, 13015, Safat, Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Australian University-Kuwait, Mishref, 13015, Safat, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67042835"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080674562","display_name":"Chun Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5976-3457","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5976-3457"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012148158","display_name":"Bijan Davvaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1941-5372","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1941-5372"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112536369","display_name":"Yazd University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x99ac45","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bijan Davvaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020658652"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":1.5359,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82032122,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11671","display_name":"Fuzzy and Soft Set Theory","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11671","display_name":"Fuzzy and Soft Set Theory","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11727","display_name":"Advanced Algebra and Logic","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12135","display_name":"Fuzzy Systems and Optimization","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypergraphs","display_name":"hypergraphs","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-learning","display_name":"online learning","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-assessment","display_name":"student assessment","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-in-education","display_name":"uncertainty in education","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-computing","display_name":"soft computing","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartesian-product","display_name":"Cartesian product","score":0.6150000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.6743613481521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6590366363525391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5717002749443054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65180967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130901","display_name":"Binary relation","level":2,"score":0.5028793215751648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5007200241088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4746561646461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4565950334072113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781221856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840247","display_name":"Hypergraph","level":2,"score":0.44234994053840637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.41224753856658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191399111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64861","display_name":"Transitive relation","level":2,"score":0.412123441696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27750223875045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2373555600643158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.10196378827095032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-023-10691-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10691-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10691-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-023-10691-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-023-10691-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10691-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10691-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-023-10691-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330043","display_name":"Western Sydney University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392014548.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392014548.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W643165172","https://openalex.org/W1976533429","https://openalex.org/W1992398573","https://openalex.org/W1996049142","https://openalex.org/W2017954063","https://openalex.org/W2049295949","https://openalex.org/W2071958850","https://openalex.org/W2088271536","https://openalex.org/W2122187134","https://openalex.org/W2149850209","https://openalex.org/W2485154769","https://openalex.org/W2772265564","https://openalex.org/W2792396669","https://openalex.org/W2806906271","https://openalex.org/W2809177283","https://openalex.org/W2913651168","https://openalex.org/W2914757352","https://openalex.org/W2979291528","https://openalex.org/W3021617146","https://openalex.org/W3094470508","https://openalex.org/W3094485879","https://openalex.org/W3124922922","https://openalex.org/W3135920233","https://openalex.org/W3138681809","https://openalex.org/W3170015292","https://openalex.org/W3172484789","https://openalex.org/W3177164365","https://openalex.org/W3181415534","https://openalex.org/W3190320687","https://openalex.org/W3213668270","https://openalex.org/W3217612597","https://openalex.org/W4220879050","https://openalex.org/W4293731327","https://openalex.org/W4294862266","https://openalex.org/W4320034259","https://openalex.org/W4387046327"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W100172016","https://openalex.org/W6941022525","https://openalex.org/W3136090651","https://openalex.org/W7214534448","https://openalex.org/W3121193354","https://openalex.org/W6960078956","https://openalex.org/W1546620707","https://openalex.org/W2476926607","https://openalex.org/W4306741917","https://openalex.org/W4408799818"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Following":[1],"the":[2,40,43,60,92,116,129,141,150,159,194,198,203,207,214,258,263,282,300,323,328,335,353,360,388],"devastating":[3],"COVID":[4],"pandemic,":[5],"a":[6,120,175,181,345,381,393,410],"new":[7],"global":[8],"strategy":[9],"is":[10,25,178,275,331,364,392],"required":[11],"to":[12,17,74,191,213,240,277,333,396],"switch":[13],"from":[14],"traditional":[15],"education":[16],"blended":[18],"or":[19,36],"online":[20,357,417],"learning":[21,349],"method.":[22],"Nevertheless,":[23,91],"there":[24],"no":[26],"adamant":[27],"theoretical":[28,100],"base":[29],"available":[30],"for":[31,87,109,169,311,348,413],"such":[32,76],"an":[33,51,71],"important":[34],"transition":[35],"similar":[37],"situations":[38],"in":[39,369],"future.":[41],"On":[42],"other":[44,98],"hand,":[45],"educational":[46,338,416],"systems":[47,77,186],"encounter":[48],"uncertainty":[49],"as":[50,70,140,180,245,247,281],"integral":[52],"part":[53],"of":[54,105,143,163,172,221,284,302,337,356,362,371],"multilayered":[55],"teaching":[56],"routes.":[57],"To":[58,112],"analyze":[59],"interactions":[61],"among":[62],"interconnected":[63],"entities,":[64],"soft":[65,156],"computing":[66,157],"methodologies":[67],"can":[68,165,406],"serve":[69],"efficient":[72],"tool":[73],"manage":[75,398],"with":[78,287],"uncertain":[79],"information":[80],"through":[81,299,380],"incorporating":[82],"artificial":[83,414],"intelligence":[84],"(AI)":[85],"techniques":[86],"assessing":[88],"students":[89],"performances.":[90],"classical":[93,144,285],"binary":[94,146],"fuzzy":[95,138,147,210,216,224,261,266,279,293,372],"relation":[96,134,139,201,211],"and":[97,135,145,154,189,234,253,295,378,399],"existing":[99],"models":[101],"are":[102,187,237,297],"not":[103],"capable":[104],"explaining/configuring":[106],"uncertain-based":[107,401],"datum":[108],"multiplex":[110],"correlations.":[111],"fill":[113],"these":[114],"gaps,":[115],"present":[117],"study":[118],"establishes":[119],"neoteric":[121],"AI-base":[122,341,389],"\u201cGlobal":[123],"Online":[124],"Learning":[125],"(GOL)":[126],"theory\u201d":[127],"using":[128],"newly":[130],"developed":[131],"n":[132,136,199,208,222,259,264,373],"-ary":[133,137,200,209,223,260,265,374],"generalization":[142],"relations.":[148],"Through":[149],"enhanced":[151],"mathematical":[152,242],"concepts":[153],"intelligent":[155,415],"techniques,":[158],"convoluted":[160],"multilayer":[161],"relationships":[162,291],"entities":[164],"be":[166,407],"punctiliously":[167],"assessed":[168],"different":[170],"values":[171],"n.":[173],"Furthermore,":[174],"network-based":[176],"perspective":[177],"proposed":[179],"promising":[182],"systematic":[183],"model":[184],"when":[185],"imperfect":[188],"prone":[190],"uncertainty.":[192],"In":[193],"provided":[195,239],"graphical":[196,382],"context,":[197],"represents":[202],"hypergraph":[204,217,330],"pattern,":[205],"while":[206],"refers":[212],"generalized":[215],"model.":[218],"Fundamental":[219],"characteristics":[220],"relation,":[225,262,375],"including":[226],"reflexive,":[227],"symmetric,":[228],"transitive,":[229],"composition,":[230],"t":[231,251,310,314,325,376],"-cut,":[232],"support":[233,379],"Cartesian":[235,254],"product,":[236],"systematically":[238],"extract":[241],"interrelated":[243],"expressions,":[244],"well":[246],"parametric":[248],"connection":[249],"between":[250,292],"-cut":[252,326,377],"product.":[255],"Based":[256],"on":[257,366],"hyperoperation":[267],"\u201c":[268],"$$\\circ":[269],"_{\\rho":[270,304],"}$$":[271],"\u2218":[272,307],"\u03c1":[273,308],"\u201d":[274],"assigned":[276],"construct":[278],"hyperalgebra":[280,294,296],"extension":[283],"algebra":[286],"illustrative":[288],"examples.":[289],"The":[290,340,384],"investigated":[298],"notation":[301],"$$(\\circ":[303],"})_{t}$$":[305],"(":[306,316],")":[309],"$$t\\in":[312],"(0,1].$$":[313],"\u2208":[315],"0":[317],",":[318],"1":[319],"]":[320],".":[321],"With":[322],"introduced":[324],"methodology,":[327],"corresponding":[329],"derived":[332],"simplify":[334],"analysis":[336],"information.":[339,403],"GOL":[342,390],"theory":[343,391],"provides":[344],"solid":[346],"gadget":[347,412],"data":[350,368],"management,":[351],"e.g.,":[352],"grading":[354],"evaluation":[355,361],"assessments,":[358],"where":[359],"components":[363],"accomplished":[365],"real":[367],"terms":[370],"attitude.":[383],"results":[385],"indicate":[386],"that":[387],"robust":[394],"platform":[395,405],"meticulously":[397],"control":[400],"intercorrelated":[402],"This":[404],"converted":[408],"into":[409],"coding":[411],"mega-systems.":[418]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-02-22T00:00:00"}