{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392005304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101124","title":"Application of stable isotopes, mixing models, and K-means cluster analysis to detect recharge and salinity origins in Siwa Oasis, Egypt","display_name":"Application of stable isotopes, mixing models, and K-means cluster analysis to detect recharge and salinity origins in Siwa Oasis, Egypt","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392005304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898504426","display_name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","issn_l":"2352-801X","issn":["2352-801X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101124","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014383823","display_name":"Mohamed Hamdy Eid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3383-1826","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3383-1826"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113643904","display_name":"Beni-Suef University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pn4yv70","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20230540","display_name":"University of Miskolc","ror":"https://ror.org/038g7dk46","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20230540"]}],"countries":["EG","HU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Hamdy Eid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geology Department, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 65211, Egypt","Institute of Environmental Management, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc- Egyetemv\u00e1ros, Hungary"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3383-1826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geology Department, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 65211, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Environmental Management, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc- Egyetemv\u00e1ros, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20230540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082555826","display_name":"Mustafa A. Eissa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2924-3220","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2924-3220"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144188","display_name":"Desert Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04dzf3m45","country_code":"EG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144188"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Eissa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Water Resources and Arid Land, Department of Hydrogeochemistry, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Water Resources and Arid Land, Department of Hydrogeochemistry, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144188"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010821325","display_name":"Essam A. Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5884-6779","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5884-6779"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113643904","display_name":"Beni-Suef University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pn4yv70","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Essam A. Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beni-Suef University, 62511, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beni-Suef University, 62511, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030192543","display_name":"Hatem Saad Ramadan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7062-7728","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7062-7728"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113643904","display_name":"Beni-Suef University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pn4yv70","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hatem Saad Ramadan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beni-Suef University, 62511, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beni-Suef University, 62511, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113643904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022104046","display_name":"Gy\u00f6rgy Czuppon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-6042","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-6042"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108166","display_name":"Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4hwz76","country_code":"HU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108166","https://openalex.org/I4210128682","https://openalex.org/I4387152226"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128682","display_name":"HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvs663","country_code":"HU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128682","https://openalex.org/I4387152226"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152226","display_name":"Hungarian Research Network","ror":"https://ror.org/04w6pnc49","country_code":"HU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152226"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gy\u00f6rgy Czuppon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd Research Network, Buda\u0151rsi \u00fat 45, H-1112, Budapest, Hungary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd Research Network, Buda\u0151rsi \u00fat 45, H-1112, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108166","https://openalex.org/I4210128682","https://openalex.org/I4387152226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042122960","display_name":"Attila Kov\u00e1cs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2551-5743","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2551-5743"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20230540","display_name":"University of Miskolc","ror":"https://ror.org/038g7dk46","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20230540"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Attila Kov\u00e1cs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Environmental Management, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc- Egyetemv\u00e1ros, Hungary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Environmental Management, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc- Egyetemv\u00e1ros, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20230540"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101663070","display_name":"P\u00e9ter Sz\u0171cs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6098-0926","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6098-0926","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6061-2514"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20230540","display_name":"University of Miskolc","ror":"https://ror.org/038g7dk46","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20230540"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P\u00e9ter Sz\u0171cs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Environmental Management, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc- Egyetemv\u00e1ros, Hungary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Environmental Management, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc- Egyetemv\u00e1ros, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20230540"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014383823"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113643904","https://openalex.org/I20230540"],"apc_list":{"value":2850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2850},"apc_paid":{"value":2850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2850},"fwci":11.3755,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99506903,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"101124","last_page":"101124"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10398","display_name":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10398","display_name":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12083","display_name":"Karst Systems and Hydrogeology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11634","display_name":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-salinity","display_name":"groundwater salinity","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-recharge","display_name":"groundwater recharge","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/siwa-oasis","display_name":"Siwa Oasis","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nubian-sandstone-aquifer","display_name":"Nubian sandstone aquifer","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stable-isotopes","display_name":"stable isotopes","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixing-models","display_name":"mixing models","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-means-clustering","display_name":"K-means clustering","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-saturation-state","display_name":"mineral saturation state","score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salt-lakes","display_name":"saline lakes","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-mixing","display_name":"groundwater mixing","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsurface-drip-irrigation","display_name":"subsurface drip irrigation","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-resources-management","display_name":"water resources management","score":0.4729999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75622301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208791","display_name":"Aquifer","level":3,"score":0.8107233047485352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781113784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5314","display_name":"Halite","level":3,"score":0.7803427577018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7223715782165527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174091901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670986","display_name":"Groundwater recharge","level":4,"score":0.7195907235145569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.5936198234558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780181037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371542","display_name":"Dolomite","level":2,"score":0.5617341995239258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.49572956562042236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16704694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496805","display_name":"Saline water","level":3,"score":0.48648402094841003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776044767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105439","display_name":"Anhydrite","level":3,"score":0.4847940504550934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779002002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073138","display_name":"Carbonate minerals","level":3,"score":0.4413357973098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69384203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344117","display_name":"\u03b418O","level":3,"score":0.4283011257648468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.39561134576797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779229104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82658","display_name":"Gypsum","level":2,"score":0.36090993881225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22117777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17148629","display_name":"Stable isotope ratio","level":2,"score":0.3376811742782593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898504426","display_name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","issn_l":"2352-801X","issn":["2352-801X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898504426","display_name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","issn_l":"2352-801X","issn":["2352-801X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8571000099182129,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322192","display_name":"Magyar Tudom\u00e1nyos Akad\u00e9mia","ror":"https://ror.org/02ks8qq67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604035276","https://openalex.org/W1651093245","https://openalex.org/W1969405693","https://openalex.org/W1971381271","https://openalex.org/W1981704249","https://openalex.org/W1982163214","https://openalex.org/W1988378253","https://openalex.org/W1991771952","https://openalex.org/W1995207956","https://openalex.org/W2007548830","https://openalex.org/W2015850382","https://openalex.org/W2022853706","https://openalex.org/W2047017678","https://openalex.org/W2058720760","https://openalex.org/W2063687840","https://openalex.org/W2072191315","https://openalex.org/W2076528385","https://openalex.org/W2077795175","https://openalex.org/W2079687779","https://openalex.org/W2082635123","https://openalex.org/W2082694610","https://openalex.org/W2117770875","https://openalex.org/W2131845830","https://openalex.org/W2137583221","https://openalex.org/W2166937878","https://openalex.org/W2182709007","https://openalex.org/W2189509606","https://openalex.org/W2192391230","https://openalex.org/W2497021647","https://openalex.org/W2497189612","https://openalex.org/W2516246019","https://openalex.org/W2590773917","https://openalex.org/W2591641151","https://openalex.org/W2603041763","https://openalex.org/W2625689723","https://openalex.org/W2766570597","https://openalex.org/W2769208887","https://openalex.org/W2769393588","https://openalex.org/W2795515177","https://openalex.org/W2804327271","https://openalex.org/W2809122821","https://openalex.org/W3003846403","https://openalex.org/W3155110235","https://openalex.org/W3159321519","https://openalex.org/W3170760284","https://openalex.org/W3179426804","https://openalex.org/W3194868244","https://openalex.org/W3194909128","https://openalex.org/W3196142261","https://openalex.org/W3203348923","https://openalex.org/W3212415952","https://openalex.org/W4205273809","https://openalex.org/W4206785397","https://openalex.org/W4220873343","https://openalex.org/W4243731503","https://openalex.org/W4244048005","https://openalex.org/W4256065798","https://openalex.org/W4292998563","https://openalex.org/W4307204275","https://openalex.org/W4308493592","https://openalex.org/W4312158887","https://openalex.org/W4312209796","https://openalex.org/W4313471201","https://openalex.org/W4315568004","https://openalex.org/W4376605037","https://openalex.org/W4385383084","https://openalex.org/W4385700504","https://openalex.org/W4385741200"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7160257623","https://openalex.org/W4391280876","https://openalex.org/W4378902823","https://openalex.org/W2338946283","https://openalex.org/W881750651","https://openalex.org/W2761707980","https://openalex.org/W2885576246","https://openalex.org/W2376652934","https://openalex.org/W4313400352","https://openalex.org/W4205509182"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Waterlogging,":[0],"soil":[1],"salinization,":[2],"and":[3,34,50,67,104,117,125,152,167,171,216,246,251,293],"groundwater":[4,155],"depletion":[5],"in":[6,74,82,130,194,227,257,272,282,304],"non-rechargeable":[7],"aquifers":[8],"are":[9,169,235],"among":[10],"the":[11,14,23,78,83,108,149,154,162,176,180,185,195,199,228,232,238,269,273,284,297,301,310],"causes":[12],"endangering":[13],"sustainability":[15],"of":[16,165,175,198,218,231,243,262,300,312],"Siwa":[17,252,305],"Oasis.":[18],"The":[19,87,224,275],"water":[20,92,119,132,196,220,229,242,248,263,270,290,302],"resources":[21,156,303],"include":[22],"tertiary":[24],"carbonate":[25],"aquifer":[26,30,44,85,150,234],"(TCA),":[27],"Nubian":[28],"sandstone":[29],"(NSSA),":[31],"springs,":[32],"drains,":[33],"hypersaline":[35],"lakes.":[36,223],"Geophysical":[37],"logs":[38],"were":[39,53,72,94,128],"used":[40],"to":[41,76,101,111,140,203,206,237],"identify":[42],"various":[43],"systems.":[45,86],"Stable":[46],"isotopes,":[47,66],"major":[48],"ions,":[49],"heavy":[51],"metals":[52],"examined.":[54],"K-means":[55],"cluster":[56,187],"analysis":[57,62],"based":[58],"on":[59],"principal":[60],"component":[61],"(PCA),":[63],"hydrochemistry,":[64],"stable":[65],"mixing":[68,210,239,276],"models":[69],"using":[70],"NETPATH":[71],"applied":[73],"order":[75],"understand":[77],"complex":[79],"hydrogeological":[80],"conditions":[81],"different":[84],"results":[88],"showed":[89],"that":[90],"all":[91,153],"samples":[93,133],"under-saturated":[95],"(SI":[96,134],"<":[97],"1)":[98],"with":[99,211],"respect":[100],"anhydrite,":[102],"halite,":[103],"gypsum":[105],"minerals,":[106],"indicating":[107],"water's":[109],"ability":[110,139],"dissolve":[112],"more":[113],"from":[114,179,184,201,221,249,291],"these":[115,142],"minerals":[116,127],"increase":[118,193],"salinity.In":[120],"contrast,":[121],"calcite,":[122],"dolomite,":[123],"Ca-montmorillonite,":[124],"illite":[126],"supersaturated":[129],"most":[131],">":[135],"1),":[136],"showing":[137],"their":[138],"precipitate":[141],"minerals.":[143],"There":[144,189],"is":[145,190],"no":[146],"recharge":[147],"for":[148,264],"systems,":[151],"have":[157],"paleo":[158],"meteoric":[159],"origin,":[160],"where":[161,260],"maximum":[163],"values":[164],"\u03b418O":[166],"\u03b42H":[168],"\u22128.45":[170],"\u221265.63,":[172],"respectively.":[173],"All":[174],"springs":[177],"originated":[178],"TCA,":[181],"as":[182,307,309],"indicated":[183],"K-mean":[186],"analysis.":[188],"a":[191],"rapid":[192],"salinity":[197,230,286],"TCA":[200,233,285,292],"1998":[202],"2022":[204],"due":[205,236],"evaporation,":[207],"rock":[208],"weathering,":[209],"old":[212],"trapped":[213],"sea":[214],"water,":[215],"seepage":[217],"saline":[219],"salt":[222,247,279],"significant":[225],"variations":[226],"between":[240],"fresh":[241],"NSSA":[244,294],"(dilution)":[245],"Zeituna":[250],"lakes":[253],"through":[254],"downward":[255],"flow":[256],"some":[258],"locations,":[259],"over-extraction":[261],"irrigation":[265],"purposes":[266],"has":[267],"decreased":[268],"pressure":[271],"TCA.":[274],"model":[277],"confirmed":[278],"lakes'":[280],"contribution":[281],"increasing":[283],"by":[287],"2%\u20134%.":[288],"Mixing":[289],"could":[295],"be":[296],"best":[298],"management":[299],"Oasis,":[306],"well":[308],"application":[311],"subsurface":[313],"drip":[314],"irrigation.":[315]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2024-02-22T00:00:00"}
