{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392000329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/54388","title":"Leveraging AI and Machine Learning to Develop and Evaluate a Contextualized User-Friendly Cough Audio Classifier for Detecting Respiratory Diseases: Protocol for a Diagnostic Study in Rural Tanzania","display_name":"Leveraging AI and Machine Learning to Develop and Evaluate a Contextualized User-Friendly Cough Audio Classifier for Detecting Respiratory Diseases: Protocol for a Diagnostic Study in Rural Tanzania","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392000329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/54388","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38652526","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11077412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2196/54388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/54388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/54388","pdf_url":"https://jmir.org/api/download?alt_name=resprot_v13i1e54388_app5.pdf&filename=376c219661fb0ff9f1ed4af1fa1f7921.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739058702","display_name":"JMIR Research Protocols","issn_l":"1929-0748","issn":["1929-0748"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320608","host_organization_name":"JMIR Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320608"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["JMIR Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Research Protocols","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://jmir.org/api/download?alt_name=resprot_v13i1e54388_app5.pdf&filename=376c219661fb0ff9f1ed4af1fa1f7921.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036088246","display_name":"Kahabi Ganka Isangula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-0097","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-0097"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129917","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wwrqj12","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129917"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kahabi Ganka Isangula","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Dar Es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-0097","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Dar Es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129917"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093970959","display_name":"Rogers John Haule","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5282-4393","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5282-4393"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129917","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wwrqj12","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129917"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rogers John Haule","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Dar Es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5282-4393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Dar Es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129917"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036088246"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129917"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":5.7198,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96839698,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"e54388","last_page":"e54388"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12418","display_name":"Respiratory and Cough-Related Research","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cough-sound-classification","display_name":"cough sound classification","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-disease-diagnosis","display_name":"respiratory disease diagnosis","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis","display_name":"tuberculosis","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma","display_name":"asthma","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","display_name":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-based-diagnostics","display_name":"smartphone-based diagnostics","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-invasive-diagnosis","display_name":"non-invasive diagnosis","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-characteristics","display_name":"acoustic features","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-health-care","display_name":"rural health care","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shinyanga-region","display_name":"Shinyanga Region","score":0.6539999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776780178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804","display_name":"COPD","level":2,"score":0.6750326156616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655495","display_name":"Tanzania","level":2,"score":0.6615700125694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6246092915534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.5602564215660095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.44674456119537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61437842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281291","display_name":"User Friendly","level":2,"score":0.4319608807563782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3817981481552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.37357741594314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.1933228075504303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.14959290623664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.10698205232620239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003371","descriptor_name":"Cough","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012424","descriptor_name":"Rural Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013636","descriptor_name":"Tanzania","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2196/54388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/54388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/54388","pdf_url":"https://jmir.org/api/download?alt_name=resprot_v13i1e54388_app5.pdf&filename=376c219661fb0ff9f1ed4af1fa1f7921.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739058702","display_name":"JMIR Research Protocols","issn_l":"1929-0748","issn":["1929-0748"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320608","host_organization_name":"JMIR Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320608"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["JMIR Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Research Protocols","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2196/preprints.54388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.54388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/preprints.54388","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:38652526","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38652526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR research protocols","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11077412","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11077412/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Res Protoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ecommons.aku.edu:eastafrica_fhs_sonam-1513","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ecommons.aku.edu/eastafrica_fhs_sonam/519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196301","display_name":"eCommons - AKU (Aga Khan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","host_organization_name":"Aga Khan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7767030120cb4595a01a0abdfc7cdc78","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7767030120cb4595a01a0abdfc7cdc78","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Research Protocols, Vol 13, p e54388 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2196/54388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/54388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/54388","pdf_url":"https://jmir.org/api/download?alt_name=resprot_v13i1e54388_app5.pdf&filename=376c219661fb0ff9f1ed4af1fa1f7921.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739058702","display_name":"JMIR Research Protocols","issn_l":"1929-0748","issn":["1929-0748"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320608","host_organization_name":"JMIR Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320608"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["JMIR Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JMIR Research Protocols","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Study Protocol","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/study-protocol"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392000329.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501935697","https://openalex.org/W1504816002","https://openalex.org/W1538323930","https://openalex.org/W1703026542","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1986669541","https://openalex.org/W2022961959","https://openalex.org/W2050613873","https://openalex.org/W2053188908","https://openalex.org/W2067340688","https://openalex.org/W2088140593","https://openalex.org/W2089297649","https://openalex.org/W2104996869","https://openalex.org/W2108007386","https://openalex.org/W2409263840","https://openalex.org/W2512160354","https://openalex.org/W2761434131","https://openalex.org/W2792554287","https://openalex.org/W2913204420","https://openalex.org/W2994169867","https://openalex.org/W3088739586","https://openalex.org/W3096402359","https://openalex.org/W3096494132","https://openalex.org/W3100308363","https://openalex.org/W3109783949","https://openalex.org/W3119753638","https://openalex.org/W3120785128","https://openalex.org/W3131411810","https://openalex.org/W3138335922","https://openalex.org/W3188411808","https://openalex.org/W3198066218","https://openalex.org/W4205278735","https://openalex.org/W4221107627","https://openalex.org/W4223572740","https://openalex.org/W4282930056","https://openalex.org/W4282961118","https://openalex.org/W4285048651","https://openalex.org/W4287921790","https://openalex.org/W4292756674","https://openalex.org/W4293029376","https://openalex.org/W4376866271","https://openalex.org/W4378782786","https://openalex.org/W4380201210","https://openalex.org/W4386305275","https://openalex.org/W4386469395","https://openalex.org/W4386725667","https://openalex.org/W6908446456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7165490326","https://openalex.org/W7154691358","https://openalex.org/W4415035430","https://openalex.org/W7162488362","https://openalex.org/W7221633067","https://openalex.org/W7163767372","https://openalex.org/W4416356500","https://openalex.org/W4384264532","https://openalex.org/W3082262049","https://openalex.org/W7083446968"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Respiratory":[1],"diseases,":[2],"including":[3,186],"active":[4,75],"tuberculosis":[5],"(TB),":[6],"asthma,":[7,77,153],"and":[8,21,27,35,67,78,85,101,140,148,154,195,198,202,204,252,275,280,300,309,327],"chronic":[9],"obstructive":[10],"pulmonary":[11],"disease":[12,162,232,338],"(COPD),":[13],"constitute":[14],"substantial":[15],"global":[16],"health":[17,119,272,322,329],"challenges,":[18],"necessitating":[19],"timely":[20],"accurate":[22],"diagnosis":[23],"for":[24,46,297],"effective":[25],"treatment":[26],"management.":[28],"OBJECTIVE:":[29],"This":[30,55,208,316],"research":[31,60,209,259],"seeks":[32],"to":[33,83,98,226,278,313,319],"develop":[34],"evaluate":[36,86],"a":[37,57,87,156,171,211,264,306],"noninvasive":[38,88,266],"user-friendly":[39],"artificial":[40],"intelligence":[41],"(AI)-powered":[42],"cough":[43,70,89,93,109,128,173,268,287],"audio":[44,90],"classifier":[45,177,269],"detecting":[47],"these":[48,282],"respiratory":[49,231,283,303,337],"conditions":[50],"in":[51,80,117,122,220,332],"rural":[52],"Tanzania.":[53],"METHODS:":[54],"is":[56,260],"nonexperimental":[58],"cross-sectional":[59],"with":[61,74,151,223],"the":[62,105,123,168,182,216,224,228,236,240,261],"primary":[63],"objective":[64],"of":[65,69,107,160,170,230,239,257,263,302],"collection":[66,106],"analysis":[68],"sounds":[71],"from":[72,112,235],"patients":[73,113,276],"TB,":[76,152],"COPD":[79],"outpatient":[81,115,221],"clinics":[82,116],"generate":[84],"classifier.":[91,175],"Specialized":[92],"sound":[94,110,129,174,288,292],"recording":[95],"devices,":[96],"designed":[97],"be":[99,165,179,243],"nonintrusive":[100],"user-friendly,":[102],"will":[103,131,164,178,242],"facilitate":[104],"diverse":[108],"samples":[111],"attending":[114],"20":[118],"care":[120,273,330],"facilities":[121],"Shinyanga":[124],"region.":[125],"The":[126,176,254],"collected":[127],"data":[130],"undergo":[132],"rigorous":[133],"analysis,":[134],"using":[135],"advanced":[136,295],"AI":[137],"signal":[138],"processing":[139],"machine":[141],"learning":[142],"techniques.":[143],"By":[144],"comparing":[145],"acoustic":[146],"features":[147],"patterns":[149],"associated":[150],"COPD,":[155],"robust":[157],"algorithm":[158],"capable":[159],"automated":[161],"discrimination":[163],"generated":[166],"facilitating":[167],"development":[169],"smartphone-based":[172],"evaluated":[180],"against":[181],"calculated":[183],"reference":[184],"standards":[185],"clinical":[187],"assessments,":[188],"sputum":[189],"smear,":[190],"GeneXpert,":[191],"chest":[192],"x-ray,":[193],"culture":[194],"sensitivity,":[196],"spirometry":[197],"peak":[199],"expiratory":[200],"flow,":[201],"sensitivity":[203],"predictive":[205],"values.":[206],"RESULTS:":[207],"represents":[210],"vital":[212],"step":[213],"toward":[214],"enhancing":[215],"diagnostic":[217,267],"capabilities":[218],"available":[219],"clinics,":[222],"potential":[225],"revolutionize":[227],"field":[229],"diagnosis.":[233],"Findings":[234],"4":[237],"phases":[238],"study":[241],"presented":[244],"as":[245],"descriptions":[246],"supported":[247],"by":[248],"relevant":[249],"images,":[250],"tables,":[251],"figures.":[253],"anticipated":[255],"outcome":[256],"this":[258],"creation":[262],"reliable,":[265],"that":[270],"empowers":[271],"professionals":[274],"themselves":[277],"identify":[279],"differentiate":[281],"diseases":[284],"based":[285],"on":[286],"patterns.":[289],"CONCLUSIONS:":[290],"Cough":[291],"classifiers":[293],"use":[294],"technology":[296,317],"early":[298],"detection":[299],"management":[301,339],"conditions,":[304],"offering":[305],"less":[307],"invasive":[308],"more":[310],"efficient":[311],"alternative":[312],"traditional":[314],"diagnostics.":[315],"promises":[318],"ease":[320],"public":[321],"burdens,":[323],"improve":[324],"patient":[325],"outcomes,":[326],"enhance":[328],"access":[331],"under-resourced":[333],"areas,":[334],"potentially":[335],"transforming":[336],"globally.":[340],"INTERNATIONAL":[341],"REGISTERED":[342],"REPORT":[343],"IDENTIFIER":[344],"(IRRID):":[345],"PRR1-10.2196/54388.":[346]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2024-02-22T00:00:00"}