{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391995642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-024-00449-0","title":"Production of low emission briquettes from carbonized faecal sludge as an alternative source of cooking energy","display_name":"Production of low emission briquettes from carbonized faecal sludge as an alternative source of cooking energy","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391995642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-024-00449-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13705-024-00449-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-024-00449-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-024-00449-0","pdf_url":"https://energsustainsoc.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13705-024-00449-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736619039","display_name":"Energy Sustainability and Society","issn_l":"2192-0567","issn":["2192-0567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy, Sustainability and Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://energsustainsoc.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13705-024-00449-0","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011182210","display_name":"Paulo Martin Sanka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2467-8305","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2467-8305"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258389","display_name":"Water Institute, Tanzania","ror":"https://ror.org/00jway472","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145473","https://openalex.org/I4405258389"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Martin Sanka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Water Resources, Water Institute, P. O. Box 35059, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2467-8305","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Water Resources, Water Institute, P. O. Box 35059, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Olivier Germain","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olivier Germain","raw_affiliation_strings":["SNV Tanzania, Arusha, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SNV Tanzania, Arusha, Tanzania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013533436","display_name":"Leyla Khalifa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leyla Khalifa","raw_affiliation_strings":["SNV Tanzania, Arusha, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SNV Tanzania, Arusha, Tanzania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006201151","display_name":"Hans Charles Komakech","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0375-6335","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0375-6335"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97231232","display_name":"Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/041vsn055","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97231232"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans Komakech","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97231232"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058781703","display_name":"Hezron Magambo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5719-2167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5719-2167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182078086","display_name":"University of Dar es Salaam","ror":"https://ror.org/0479aed98","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hezron Magambo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Water Resources and Engineering, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Water Resources and Engineering, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011182210"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258389"],"apc_list":{"value":2090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2090},"apc_paid":{"value":2090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2090},"fwci":2.2163,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87527523,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11336","display_name":"Energy and Environment Impacts","score":0.7372999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11336","display_name":"Energy and Environment Impacts","score":0.7372999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.20640000700950623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11672","display_name":"Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production","score":0.016899999231100082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooking-energy","display_name":"cooking energy","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-biofuels","display_name":"solid biofuels","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metals-in-sludge","display_name":"heavy metals in sludge","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calorific-value","display_name":"calorific value","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particulate-emissions","display_name":"particulate emissions","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-monoxide-emissions","display_name":"carbon monoxide emissions","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/septic-tank-sludge","display_name":"septic tank sludge","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-emission-fuels","display_name":"low-emission fuels","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deforestation","display_name":"deforestation","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tanzania","display_name":"Tanzania","score":0.7120000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116065953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153022","display_name":"Briquette","level":3,"score":0.9171465635299683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.6763821840286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154877778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630655","display_name":"Carbonization","level":3,"score":0.6509941816329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6013596653938293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982719155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25584060","display_name":"Energy source","level":3,"score":0.44573357701301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.4272935688495636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.35114961862564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.305627703666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.22261926531791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14692863821983337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13705-024-00449-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-024-00449-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-024-00449-0","pdf_url":"https://energsustainsoc.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13705-024-00449-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736619039","display_name":"Energy Sustainability and Society","issn_l":"2192-0567","issn":["2192-0567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy, Sustainability and Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2821848/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2821848/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2821848/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2821848/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e9d174a2d7824ceb91514f769dd91acd","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e9d174a2d7824ceb91514f769dd91acd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energy, Sustainability and Society, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13705-024-00449-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-024-00449-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-024-00449-0","pdf_url":"https://energsustainsoc.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13705-024-00449-0","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736619039","display_name":"Energy Sustainability and Society","issn_l":"2192-0567","issn":["2192-0567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy, Sustainability and Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8485000133514404},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.821399986743927},{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.6618000268936157},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326471","display_name":"Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/041vsn055"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391995642.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391995642.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1788997105","https://openalex.org/W1856219842","https://openalex.org/W1996341194","https://openalex.org/W2038042603","https://openalex.org/W2047321071","https://openalex.org/W2070573993","https://openalex.org/W2075913276","https://openalex.org/W2217546950","https://openalex.org/W2520584732","https://openalex.org/W2732168820","https://openalex.org/W2765666188","https://openalex.org/W2766954905","https://openalex.org/W2884849909","https://openalex.org/W2893831859","https://openalex.org/W2910917273","https://openalex.org/W2930697005","https://openalex.org/W2932153728","https://openalex.org/W2937842617","https://openalex.org/W2961398195","https://openalex.org/W2980885279","https://openalex.org/W2981308500","https://openalex.org/W2999183102","https://openalex.org/W3087305825","https://openalex.org/W3088693944","https://openalex.org/W3090201055","https://openalex.org/W3092772989","https://openalex.org/W3119617992","https://openalex.org/W3134346047","https://openalex.org/W3171338146","https://openalex.org/W3185910718","https://openalex.org/W3216515079","https://openalex.org/W4200187158","https://openalex.org/W4206529865","https://openalex.org/W4210543967","https://openalex.org/W4244914979","https://openalex.org/W4256643785","https://openalex.org/W4289355900","https://openalex.org/W4290052874","https://openalex.org/W4292478919","https://openalex.org/W4293207017","https://openalex.org/W4294190244","https://openalex.org/W4309728778","https://openalex.org/W4312385156","https://openalex.org/W4320810976","https://openalex.org/W4321615651","https://openalex.org/W4323438559","https://openalex.org/W4324088305","https://openalex.org/W4365458873","https://openalex.org/W4367627406","https://openalex.org/W4379356209","https://openalex.org/W4381513825","https://openalex.org/W4382724128","https://openalex.org/W4383058993","https://openalex.org/W4386507295","https://openalex.org/W4386884133","https://openalex.org/W4390475230","https://openalex.org/W6810365918"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400353813","https://openalex.org/W3202946160","https://openalex.org/W4382724128","https://openalex.org/W4400352293","https://openalex.org/W4393272769","https://openalex.org/W3216515079","https://openalex.org/W2913628533","https://openalex.org/W2910917273","https://openalex.org/W7167638766","https://openalex.org/W4280645636"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"In":[2],"Tanzania,":[3],"firewood,":[4],"charcoal,":[5],"and":[6,32,56,84,100,133,144,150,160,167,172,175,188,194,198,210,216,231,235,240,242,292],"agricultural":[7],"waste":[8],"play":[9],"a":[10,155],"crucial":[11],"role":[12],"in":[13,22,71,103,135],"daily":[14],"life":[15],"as":[16,51],"sources":[17,28,62],"of":[18,35,47,95,115,157,221,265,286],"cooking":[19,69],"energy,":[20],"especially":[21],"rural":[23],"areas.":[24],"Using":[25],"these":[26,116],"energy":[27,61,70],"contributes":[29],"to":[30,39,59,63,91,196,214,233,254,278],"deforestation":[31],"the":[33,45,65,93,113,121,126,136,186,208,283],"emission":[34,220,250],"harmful":[36],"substances,":[37],"leading":[38],"health":[40],"problems.":[41],"This":[42],"study":[43,88],"highlights":[44],"potential":[46],"faecal":[48,104,267],"sludge":[49,76,105,131,153,268],"briquettes":[50,263],"an":[52,276],"innovative,":[53],"environmentally":[54],"friendly,":[55],"sustainable":[57],"alternative":[58,277],"traditional":[60,279],"meet":[64],"increasing":[66],"demand":[67],"for":[68,130,163,170,178,237,244],"Tanzania.":[72],"The":[73,109,219,258],"process":[74],"involved":[75],"characterization,":[77],"drying,":[78],"sorting,":[79],"carbonization,":[80],"milling,":[81],"briquette":[82],"making,":[83],"characterization.":[85],"Results":[86],"A":[87],"was":[89,227],"conducted":[90],"assess":[92],"presence":[94],"zinc":[96],"(Zn),":[97],"cadmium":[98],"(Cd),":[99],"lead":[101],"(Pb)":[102],"collected":[106],"from":[107,192,229,252],"households.":[108],"results":[110,259],"indicates":[111],"that":[112,262],"levels":[114],"metals":[117],"were":[118],"all":[119],"within":[120],"acceptable":[122],"limits":[123],"set":[124],"by":[125],"Tanzanian":[127],"Standards":[128],"(TZS)":[129],"disposal":[132],"use":[134],"environment,":[137],"which":[138],"are":[139],"5.00":[140,142],"mg/L,":[141,143,146,166],"30.00":[145],"respectively.":[147,180,201],"Septic":[148],"tanks":[149],"pit":[151],"latrines":[152],"had":[154],"concentration":[156],"0.5":[158,161],"mg/L":[159,162,169,174,177],"Zn,":[164],"0.55":[165],"0.6":[168],"Cd,":[171],"10.01":[173],"4.87":[176],"Pb,":[179],"Adding":[181],"75%":[182],"charcoal":[183,205],"dust":[184,206],"improved":[185,207],"gross":[187,209],"net":[189,211],"heating":[190,212],"values":[191,213],"10.47":[193],"10.16":[195],"19.29":[197],"18.86":[199],"MJ/kg,":[200],"Similarly,":[202],"adding":[203],"50%":[204],"19.24":[215],"18.78":[217],"MJ/kg.":[218],"particulate":[222],"matter":[223],"(micrograms/m":[224],"3":[225],")":[226],"reduced":[228],"30.4":[230],"35":[232],"10.3":[234],"11.8":[236],"PM":[238,245],"2.5":[239],"7":[241],"8":[243],"10,":[246],"while":[247],"carbon":[248],"monoxide":[249],"decreased":[251],"51.2":[253],"19.7":[255],"ppm.":[256],"Conclusion":[257],"strongly":[260],"suggest":[261],"made":[264],"carbonized":[266],"mixed":[269],"with":[270,282],"other":[271],"biomass":[272],"materials":[273],"could":[274],"offer":[275],"solid":[280],"fuels,":[281],"added":[284],"benefits":[285],"reducing":[287],"greenhouse":[288],"gas":[289],"emissions,":[290],"deforestation,":[291],"longer":[293],"burning":[294],"times.":[295]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2024-02-22T00:00:00"}