{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391677978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emip.12598","title":"The University of California Was Wrong to Abolish the SAT: Admissions When Affirmative Action Was Banned","display_name":"The University of California Was Wrong to Abolish the SAT: Admissions When Affirmative Action Was Banned","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391677978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emip.12598"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/emip.12598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emip.12598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emip.12598","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/emip.12598","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82984449","display_name":"Educational Measurement Issues and Practice","issn_l":"0731-1745","issn":["0731-1745","1745-3992"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/emip.12598","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061282076","display_name":"Donald A. Wittman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1073-4345","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1073-4345"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Donald Wittman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Santa Cruz"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1073-4345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Santa Cruz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061282076"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":0.4047,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61682798,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"2","first_page":"55","last_page":"63"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.6596999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.6596999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.25459998846054077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12602","display_name":"Medical Education and Admissions","score":0.04470000043511391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sat","display_name":"SAT","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-admission","display_name":"university admission","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affirmative-action","display_name":"affirmative action","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-of-california","display_name":"University of California","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underrepresented-minorities","display_name":"underrepresented minorities","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-deprivation","display_name":"socioeconomic deprivation","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-school-grades","display_name":"high school grades","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-year-gpa","display_name":"first-year GPA","score":0.6700000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777732099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214244","display_name":"Affirmative action","level":2,"score":0.8186100721359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910734998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25305118","display_name":"Underrepresented Minority","level":2,"score":0.7908645868301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780623907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106394435","display_name":"Disadvantaged","level":2,"score":0.7483174204826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.6176948547363281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.480170875787735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.47310948371887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203151758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3244907","display_name":"Standardized test","level":2,"score":0.4258003830909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3443695902824402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3380342125892639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3245217204093933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2836538553237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.17355874180793762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16759181022644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0865027904510498}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/emip.12598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emip.12598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emip.12598","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/emip.12598","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82984449","display_name":"Educational Measurement Issues and Practice","issn_l":"0731-1745","issn":["0731-1745","1745-3992"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/emip.12598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emip.12598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emip.12598","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/emip.12598","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82984449","display_name":"Educational Measurement Issues and Practice","issn_l":"0731-1745","issn":["0731-1745","1745-3992"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9731000065803528},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.4156000018119812}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391677978.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391677978.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84667726","https://openalex.org/W197841719","https://openalex.org/W1505707801","https://openalex.org/W2003324563","https://openalex.org/W2044607816","https://openalex.org/W2091190725","https://openalex.org/W2093150504","https://openalex.org/W2106716958","https://openalex.org/W2114123404","https://openalex.org/W2128286029","https://openalex.org/W2166210048","https://openalex.org/W2170777936","https://openalex.org/W2328254571","https://openalex.org/W2888948552","https://openalex.org/W2955918838","https://openalex.org/W4220946227","https://openalex.org/W4287875382"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000530696","https://openalex.org/W2289121731","https://openalex.org/W2564940575","https://openalex.org/W2278164961","https://openalex.org/W2151161619","https://openalex.org/W2056460923","https://openalex.org/W2766244179","https://openalex.org/W1986039742","https://openalex.org/W1596575575","https://openalex.org/W7098121128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"I":[1,38],"study":[2],"student":[3],"characteristics":[4],"and":[5,24,80,92,124],"academic":[6],"performance":[7],"at":[8],"the":[9,33,40,58,126],"University":[10,127],"of":[11,15,60,76,128,137,142],"California,":[12],"where":[13],"consideration":[14],"an":[16],"applicant's":[17],"ethnicity":[18],"has":[19],"been":[20],"banned":[21],"since":[22],"1996":[23],"SAT":[25,43,61,87,146],"scores":[26,44,62,88],"were":[27,45],"used":[28],"in":[29,52,69,74,99],"admitting":[30,77],"students":[31,81,107,116],"to":[32,132],"university":[34,55],"until":[35],"fall":[36],"2021.":[37],"show":[39],"following:":[41],"(1)":[42],"more":[46,90],"important":[47,91,98],"than":[48,111],"high":[49,66,93],"school":[50,67,94],"grades":[51,68,95],"predicting":[53,100],"first\u2010year":[54],"GPA;":[56],"(2)":[57],"use":[59],"alone":[63],"or":[64],"with":[65],"determining":[70],"admission":[71],"is":[72],"biased":[73],"favor":[75],"underrepresented":[78,103,138],"minorities":[79,104,139],"who":[82,117],"are":[83,89,96,113,118],"socioeconomically":[84],"disadvantaged;":[85],"(3)":[86],"less":[97],"GPA":[101],"for":[102,114],"and/or":[105,120],"those":[106,115],"from":[108,121],"low\u2010income":[109],"families":[110],"they":[112],"white":[119],"high\u2010income":[122],"families;":[123],"(4)":[125],"California":[129],"found":[130],"ways":[131],"admit":[133],"a":[134],"significant":[135],"number":[136],"despite":[140],"many":[141],"them":[143],"having":[144],"low":[145],"scores.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2024-02-10T00:00:00"}
