{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391665532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad569","title":"Infectious Diseases Training in the 21st Century: A Glass Half Full or Half Empty?","display_name":"Infectious Diseases Training in the 21st Century: A Glass Half Full or Half Empty?","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391665532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad569","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38309698","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10938195"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/infdis/jiad569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad569","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-pdf/229/3/621/56967378/jiad569.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54542293","display_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"0022-1899","issn":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-pdf/229/3/621/56967378/jiad569.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027587575","display_name":"C\u00e9sar A. Arias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9054-9774","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9054-9774"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295876152","display_name":"Houston Methodist","ror":"https://ror.org/027zt9171","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153466","display_name":"Weill Cornell Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02r109517","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286254","display_name":"Houston Methodist Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01mcrxx35","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152","https://openalex.org/I4405286254"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cesar A Arias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute , Houston, Texas","Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York","Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9054-9774","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist Research Institute , Houston, Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152","https://openalex.org/I4405286254"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110276881","display_name":"Liise\u2010anne Pirofski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7568-2961","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7568-2961"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129975664","display_name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05cf8a891","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129975664","https://openalex.org/I4210112371"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335289525","display_name":"Montefiore Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/044ntvm43","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335289525","https://openalex.org/I19772626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liise-anne Pirofski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center , New York","Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center , New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335289525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129975664"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027587575","https://openalex.org/A5110276881"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152","https://openalex.org/I129975664","https://openalex.org/I1335289525","https://openalex.org/I4387153466","https://openalex.org/I4405286254"],"apc_list":{"value":5001,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5001},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8455,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9451683,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"229","issue":"3","first_page":"621","last_page":"624"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12168","display_name":"Health and Medical Research Impacts","score":0.06080000102519989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12602","display_name":"Medical Education and Admissions","score":0.0142000000923872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fellowship-program-directors","display_name":"fellowship program directors","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postgraduate-medical-education","display_name":"graduate medical education","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-workforce","display_name":"physician workforce","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specialty-choice","display_name":"specialty choice","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graduate-medical-education-reform","display_name":"graduate medical education reform","score":0.492000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.7081843614578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20387591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930752","display_name":"Specialty","level":2,"score":0.5919036269187927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.509837806224823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4959774911403656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3435611128807068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3026413917541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.2760031819343567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18691790103912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.18179938197135925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13180366158485413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004503","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical, Graduate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005257","descriptor_name":"Fellowships and Scholarships","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007396","descriptor_name":"Internship and Residency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008511","descriptor_name":"Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/infdis/jiad569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad569","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-pdf/229/3/621/56967378/jiad569.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54542293","display_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"0022-1899","issn":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10938195","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10938195","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10938195/pdf/jiad569.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Infect Dis","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:38309698","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38309698","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of infectious diseases","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/infdis/jiad569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad569","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-pdf/229/3/621/56967378/jiad569.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54542293","display_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"0022-1899","issn":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000887061","display_name":"POR and Training Program on Multidrug-Resistant Organisms","funder_award_id":"K24AI121296","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391665532.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391665532.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081633878","https://openalex.org/W2150822410","https://openalex.org/W2343143419","https://openalex.org/W2886808802","https://openalex.org/W2886972018","https://openalex.org/W2979658763","https://openalex.org/W2980600751","https://openalex.org/W3029216580","https://openalex.org/W3042998289","https://openalex.org/W4221064384","https://openalex.org/W4282969680","https://openalex.org/W4288041286","https://openalex.org/W4294000689","https://openalex.org/W4295337926","https://openalex.org/W4321609613","https://openalex.org/W4383999052","https://openalex.org/W4386511316","https://openalex.org/W6780670433"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391873125","https://openalex.org/W2754896110","https://openalex.org/W4376637258","https://openalex.org/W7099474149","https://openalex.org/W2150386670","https://openalex.org/W7099977194","https://openalex.org/W4404331324","https://openalex.org/W4388407403","https://openalex.org/W3213746182","https://openalex.org/W2149741424"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,22],"percentage":[1],"of":[2,20,37,47,76,89,107],"infectious":[3],"diseases":[4],"(ID)":[5],"fellowship":[6,39,97,116],"positions":[7],"filled":[8],"has":[9],"declined":[10],"in":[11,59],"the":[12,45,56,67,74,81,87],"last":[13],"years":[14],"despite":[15],"a":[16],"relatively":[17],"stable":[18],"number":[19],"applicants.":[21],"data":[23],"are":[24],"concerning":[25],"since":[26],"this":[27,77],"could":[28,62],"impact":[29],"an":[30,92],"already":[31],"strained":[32],"workforce.":[33],"A":[34],"recent":[35,68,96],"survey":[36,78],"ID":[38,90,108,115],"program":[40,48],"directors":[41,49],"provides":[42],"insight":[43],"into":[44],"perceptions":[46],"about":[50],"factors":[51,83],"that":[52,84],"might":[53,85],"have":[54],"affected":[55],"match":[57,98],"rate":[58],"2023":[60],"and":[61,79,110,117],"also":[63],"be":[64],"applicable":[65],"to":[66,103],"2024":[69],"match.":[70],"Here,":[71],"we":[72],"discuss":[73,80],"results":[75,99],"complex":[82],"influence":[86],"choice":[88],"as":[91],"specialty.":[93],"Although":[94],"concerning,":[95],"provide":[100],"new":[101],"opportunities":[102],"reassess":[104],"current":[105],"models":[106],"training":[109],"design":[111],"innovative":[112],"strategies":[113],"for":[114],"education.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2024-02-09T00:00:00"}