{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391519086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i1.401","title":"Variation of Pain Intensity with Smoking in Knee Osteoarthritis in Males","display_name":"Variation of Pain Intensity with Smoking in Knee Osteoarthritis in Males","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391519086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i1.401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.61919/jhrr.v4i1.401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i1.401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i1.401","pdf_url":"https://jhrlmc.com/index.php/home/article/download/401/390","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390296682","display_name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","issn_l":"2791-156X","issn":["2791-156X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://jhrlmc.com/index.php/home/article/download/401/390","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072731990","display_name":"Mahrukh Naseem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8809-0228","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8809-0228"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahrukh Naseem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Akhtar Saeed College of Rehabilitation Sciences Lahore Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8809-0228","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Akhtar Saeed College of Rehabilitation Sciences Lahore Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036099491","display_name":"Muhammad Mahmood Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0596-818X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0596-818X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Mahmood Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Akhtar Saeed College of Rehabilitation Sciences Lahore Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0596-818X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Akhtar Saeed College of Rehabilitation Sciences Lahore Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086243289","display_name":"Waseem Akhtar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-5827","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-5827"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Waseem Akhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Akhtar Saeed College of Rehabilitation Sciences Lahore Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-5827","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Akhtar Saeed College of Rehabilitation Sciences Lahore Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001524033","display_name":"Saadia Perwaiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2129-8988","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2129-8988"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saadia Perwaiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Akhtar Saeed College of Rehabilitation Sciences Lahore Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2129-8988","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Akhtar Saeed College of Rehabilitation Sciences Lahore Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030210243","display_name":"Muhammad Burhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8975-594X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8975-594X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Burhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Akhtar Saeed College of Rehabilitation Sciences Lahore Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8975-594X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Akhtar Saeed College of Rehabilitation Sciences Lahore Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shehroz Masood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shehroz Masood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Akhtar Saeed College of Rehabilitation Sciences Lahore Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Akhtar Saeed College of Rehabilitation Sciences Lahore Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093857835","display_name":"Adan Nehal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adan Nehal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Akhtar Saeed College of Rehabilitation Sciences Lahore Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Akhtar Saeed College of Rehabilitation Sciences Lahore Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102618242","display_name":"Rabia Shahid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rabia Shahid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Akhtar Saeed College of Rehabilitation Sciences Lahore Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Akhtar Saeed College of Rehabilitation Sciences Lahore Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"389","last_page":"393"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10105","display_name":"Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms","score":0.8906000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10105","display_name":"Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms","score":0.8906000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.07280000299215317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.01549999974668026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knee-osteoarthritis","display_name":"knee osteoarthritis","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-intensity","display_name":"pain intensity","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/male-patients","display_name":"male patients","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cigarette-consumption","display_name":"cigarette consumption","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-cessation","display_name":"smoking cessation","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life","display_name":"quality of life","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kellgren-lawrence-grade","display_name":"Kellgren-Lawrence grade","score":0.7459999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776164576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62736","display_name":"Osteoarthritis","level":3,"score":0.7752931118011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.7342758178710938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6525560617446899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5129863619804382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779279471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6421876","display_name":"Knee pain","level":4,"score":0.5017819404602051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4756167531013489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4066254198551178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.12384876608848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0622902512550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.61919/jhrr.v4i1.401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i1.401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i1.401","pdf_url":"https://jhrlmc.com/index.php/home/article/download/401/390","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390296682","display_name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","issn_l":"2791-156X","issn":["2791-156X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.jhrlmc.com:article/401","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jhrlmc.com/index.php/home/article/view/401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390296682","display_name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","issn_l":"2791-156X","issn":["2791-156X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2791-156X","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.61919/jhrr.v4i1.401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i1.401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i1.401","pdf_url":"https://jhrlmc.com/index.php/home/article/download/401/390","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390296682","display_name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","issn_l":"2791-156X","issn":["2791-156X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391519086.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391519086.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1819596178","https://openalex.org/W1920514635","https://openalex.org/W1967057044","https://openalex.org/W2021984638","https://openalex.org/W2046767480","https://openalex.org/W2047734268","https://openalex.org/W2056710407","https://openalex.org/W2076929508","https://openalex.org/W2087924312","https://openalex.org/W2102181510","https://openalex.org/W2103495251","https://openalex.org/W2183411561","https://openalex.org/W2190378646","https://openalex.org/W2229005128","https://openalex.org/W2253579545","https://openalex.org/W2560920875","https://openalex.org/W2687333997","https://openalex.org/W2821086596","https://openalex.org/W3213979652","https://openalex.org/W4205913573"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412196905","https://openalex.org/W4388933885","https://openalex.org/W2021984638","https://openalex.org/W4312553496","https://openalex.org/W7118071683","https://openalex.org/W3005221837","https://openalex.org/W2941343608","https://openalex.org/W2560920875","https://openalex.org/W2027755665","https://openalex.org/W7154468472"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Knee":[1],"osteoarthritis":[2,216],"is":[3,37],"a":[4,126,162,173,189,212],"significant":[5,163,190],"cause":[6],"of":[7,134,179,215,225],"disability,":[8],"affecting":[9],"daily":[10],"living":[11],"activities":[12],"predominantly":[13],"in":[14,49,198,227],"females":[15],"but":[16],"also":[17],"impacting":[18],"males.":[19],"Various":[20],"factors":[21],"contribute":[22],"to":[23,70,80,219],"its":[24,31],"development,":[25],"including":[26],"smoking,":[27],"yet":[28],"data":[29],"on":[30,33,94],"effect":[32],"the":[34,42,81,102,121,177],"male":[35,66,199],"population":[36],"sparse.":[38],"Objective:":[39],"To":[40],"explore":[41],"relationship":[43],"between":[44,113,165,176,192],"smoking":[45,95,114,166,193,208],"and":[46,83,91,97,115,141,167,182,194,222],"pain":[47,98,104,116,147,169,183,196,221],"intensity":[48,117,197],"males":[50],"with":[51,73,125,172,201],"moderate-stage":[52],"knee":[53,76,202],"osteoarthritis.":[54,203],"Methods:":[55],"A":[56],"cross-sectional":[57],"study":[58,187],"was":[59,118,148],"conducted":[60],"over":[61],"six":[62],"months,":[63],"enrolling":[64],"71":[65,135],"participants":[67],"aged":[68],"30":[69],"75":[71],"years":[72],"grade":[74],"2":[75],"osteoarthritis,":[77],"diagnosed":[78],"according":[79],"Kellgren":[82],"Lawrence":[84],"scale.":[85],"Participants":[86],"were":[87,107,139,144],"categorized":[88],"into":[89],"smokers":[90],"non-smokers.":[92,145],"Data":[93],"habits":[96],"severity,":[99],"assessed":[100],"using":[101,120],"numeric":[103],"rating":[105],"scale,":[106],"collected":[108],"through":[109],"questionnaires.":[110],"The":[111,159,186],"association":[112,164,191],"analyzed":[119],"Pearson":[122],"Chi-square":[123],"test,":[124],"significance":[127],"level":[128],"set":[129],"at":[130],"P<0.05.":[131],"Results:":[132],"Out":[133],"participants,":[136],"36":[137],"(50.7%)":[138],"smokers,":[140,152],"35":[142],"(49.3%)":[143],"Severe":[146],"reported":[149],"by":[150],"25":[151],"while":[153],"26":[154],"non-smokers":[155],"experienced":[156],"moderate":[157],"pain.":[158],"analysis":[160],"revealed":[161],"increased":[168],"severity":[170],"(P<0.05),":[171],"direct":[174],"correlation":[175],"number":[178],"cigarettes":[180],"smoked":[181],"intensity.":[184],"Conclusion:":[185],"identified":[188],"higher":[195],"patients":[200],"These":[204],"findings":[205],"suggest":[206],"that":[207],"cessation":[209],"should":[210],"be":[211],"key":[213],"component":[214],"management":[217],"strategies":[218],"alleviate":[220],"improve":[223],"quality":[224],"life":[226],"affected":[228],"individuals.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-02-05T00:00:00"}