{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391352011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.046055","title":"A New Encrypted Traffic Identification Model Based on VAE-LSTM-DRN","display_name":"A New Encrypted Traffic Identification Model Based on VAE-LSTM-DRN","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391352011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.046055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2023.046055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.046055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.046055","pdf_url":"https://file.techscience.com/files/cmc/2024/TSP_CMC-78-1/TSP_CMC_46055/TSP_CMC_46055.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://file.techscience.com/files/cmc/2024/TSP_CMC-78-1/TSP_CMC_46055/TSP_CMC_46055.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101496773","display_name":"Haizhen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5509-1355","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5509-1355"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111971639","display_name":"Qiqihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01khf5d59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haizhen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China 2 Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Network Security Detection and Analysis, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China","College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China","Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Network Security Detection and Analysis, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China 2 Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Network Security Detection and Analysis, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Network Security Detection and Analysis, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101298512","display_name":"Jinying Yan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111971639","display_name":"Qiqihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01khf5d59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinying Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China 2 Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Network Security Detection and Analysis, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China","College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China 2 Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Network Security Detection and Analysis, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100918795","display_name":"Jia Na","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8112-8924","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8112-8924"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111971639","display_name":"Qiqihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01khf5d59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China 2 Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Network Security Detection and Analysis, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China","College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China 2 Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Big Data Network Security Detection and Analysis, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.844,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72244447,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"78","issue":"1","first_page":"569","last_page":"588"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encrypted-traffic-identification","display_name":"encrypted traffic identification","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-traffic-classification","display_name":"network traffic classification","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-imbalance","display_name":"class imbalance","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variational-autoencoder","display_name":"variational autoencoder","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-short-term-memory","display_name":"long short-term memory","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resnet","display_name":"ResNet","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-enhancement","display_name":"data enhancement","score":0.7440000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.777393639087677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6301165223121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.621067225933075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5700539350509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5659515261650085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.5594921708106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4363937973976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169988225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832484","display_name":"Traffic classification","level":3,"score":0.4218848645687103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4135814607143402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2023.046055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.046055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.046055","pdf_url":"https://file.techscience.com/files/cmc/2024/TSP_CMC-78-1/TSP_CMC_46055/TSP_CMC_46055.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2023.046055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.046055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.046055","pdf_url":"https://file.techscience.com/files/cmc/2024/TSP_CMC-78-1/TSP_CMC_46055/TSP_CMC_46055.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391352011.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391352011.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987552279","https://openalex.org/W2343828539","https://openalex.org/W2591712613","https://openalex.org/W2897202622","https://openalex.org/W2910197492","https://openalex.org/W2942890744","https://openalex.org/W2948978827","https://openalex.org/W3088046302","https://openalex.org/W3109491787","https://openalex.org/W3123277870","https://openalex.org/W3135469542","https://openalex.org/W3145680685","https://openalex.org/W3157621294","https://openalex.org/W3173457006","https://openalex.org/W3174350806","https://openalex.org/W3180301649","https://openalex.org/W3193535779","https://openalex.org/W3197856886","https://openalex.org/W3199457010","https://openalex.org/W3199790628","https://openalex.org/W3213111842","https://openalex.org/W4213219213","https://openalex.org/W4224315052","https://openalex.org/W4226076258","https://openalex.org/W4283370256","https://openalex.org/W4292341097","https://openalex.org/W4321021209","https://openalex.org/W4385739414"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4377236340","https://openalex.org/W4396769190","https://openalex.org/W3166930713","https://openalex.org/W2567456068","https://openalex.org/W4379620452","https://openalex.org/W4390545595","https://openalex.org/W4399147165","https://openalex.org/W7204910311","https://openalex.org/W4402347018","https://openalex.org/W7104258886"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Encrypted":[0],"traffic":[1,13,24,45,84,160,229,254,265],"identification":[2,29,85],"pertains":[3],"to":[4,67,74,111,134],"the":[5,51,56,60,94,101,113,118,129,141,151,158,165,177,212,238,243,248],"precise":[6],"acquisition":[7],"and":[8,17,26,103,145,182,205,221,256],"categorization":[9],"of":[10,22,43,93,117,154,196,250],"data":[11,46,114,124,142,252],"from":[12,47],"datasets":[14],"containing":[15],"imbalanced":[16,48],"obscured":[18],"content.":[19],"The":[20,34,78,91,122,147,171,185,208],"extraction":[21,42],"encrypted":[23,44,83,159,228,264],"attributes":[25],"their":[27],"subsequent":[28],"presents":[30],"a":[31,63,260],"formidable":[32],"challenge.":[33],"existing":[35],"models":[36,193,231],"have":[37],"predominantly":[38],"relied":[39],"on":[40,253],"direct":[41],"datasets,":[49],"with":[50,100],"dataset\u2019s":[52],"imbalance":[53],"significantly":[54],"affecting":[55],"model\u2019s":[57],"performance.":[58],"In":[59],"present":[61],"study,":[62],"new":[64],"model,":[65],"referred":[66],"as":[68,259],"UD-VLD":[69,109,148,172,186,213,244],"(Unbalanced":[70],"Dataset-VAE-LSTM-DRN),":[71],"was":[72,174],"proposed":[73,79],"address":[75,135],"above":[76],"problem.":[77],"model":[80,86,110,149,173,187,214,245],"is":[81,98,125,143,188],"an":[82],"for":[87,168,234,263],"handling":[88],"unbalanced":[89,120,169,235,251],"datasets.":[90,121,170,236],"encoder":[92],"variational":[95],"autoencoder":[96],"(VAE)":[97],"combined":[99],"decoder":[102],"Long-short":[104],"term":[105],"Memory":[106],"(LSTM)":[107],"in":[108,194,218],"realize":[112],"enhancement":[115],"processing":[116,166],"original":[119],"enhanced":[123],"processed":[126],"by":[127],"transforming":[128],"deep":[130,155],"residual":[131],"network":[132,137],"(DRN)":[133],"neural":[136],"gradient-related":[138],"issues.":[139],"Subsequently,":[140],"classified":[144],"recognized.":[146],"integrates":[150],"related":[152],"techniques":[153],"learning":[156],"into":[157],"recognition":[161,230],"technique,":[162],"thereby":[163],"solving":[164],"problem":[167],"tested":[175],"using":[176],"publicly":[178],"available":[179],"Tor":[180],"dataset":[181],"VPN":[183],"dataset.":[184],"evaluated":[189],"against":[190],"other":[191,227],"comparative":[192],"terms":[195],"accuracy,":[197],"loss":[198],"rate,":[199],"precision,":[200],"recall,":[201],"F1-score,":[202],"total":[203],"time,":[204],"ROC":[206],"curve.":[207],"results":[209],"reveal":[210],"that":[211,232,242],"exhibits":[215],"better":[216],"performance":[217,240],"both":[219],"binary":[220],"multi":[222],"classification,":[223],"being":[224],"higher":[225],"than":[226],"exist":[233],"Furthermore,":[237],"evaluation":[239],"indicates":[241],"effectively":[246],"mitigates":[247],"impact":[249],"classification.":[255],"can":[257],"serve":[258],"novel":[261],"solution":[262],"identification.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-01-31T00:00:00"}
