{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391328240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-024-00703-5","title":"Proxy Assertions and Agency: The Case of Machine-Assertions","display_name":"Proxy Assertions and Agency: The Case of Machine-Assertions","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391328240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-024-00703-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13347-024-00703-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-024-00703-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-024-00703-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13347-024-00703-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23735784","display_name":"Philosophy & Technology","issn_l":"2210-5433","issn":["2210-5433","2210-5441"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philosophy & Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13347-024-00703-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085380367","display_name":"Chirag Arora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4998-8390","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4998-8390"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chirag Arora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4998-8390","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085380367"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":52.5045,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9982763,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.7904999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.7904999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13308","display_name":"Cybernetics and Technology in Society","score":0.11259999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.021700000390410423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency","display_name":"agency","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"machine learning","score":0.6359999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151110159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q279438","display_name":"Philosophy of technology","level":3,"score":0.9444878101348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.6440274715423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.562121570110321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5483345985412598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4811214506626129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3584916591644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33020877838134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13347-024-00703-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-024-00703-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-024-00703-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13347-024-00703-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23735784","display_name":"Philosophy & Technology","issn_l":"2210-5433","issn":["2210-5433","2210-5441"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philosophy & Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire/deb53a06-23e5-41e7-9d7f-c731250046e0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/deb53a06-23e5-41e7-9d7f-c731250046e0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Arora, C 2024, 'Proxy Assertions and Agency : The Case of Machine-Assertions', Philosophy and Technology, vol. 37, no. 1, 15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-024-00703-5","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13347-024-00703-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-024-00703-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-024-00703-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13347-024-00703-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23735784","display_name":"Philosophy & Technology","issn_l":"2210-5433","issn":["2210-5433","2210-5441"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philosophy & Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391328240.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391328240.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69488521","https://openalex.org/W859249493","https://openalex.org/W1570100281","https://openalex.org/W1576632330","https://openalex.org/W1983689578","https://openalex.org/W2014652827","https://openalex.org/W2061496281","https://openalex.org/W2103272780","https://openalex.org/W2130041324","https://openalex.org/W2165401758","https://openalex.org/W2166343191","https://openalex.org/W2329143425","https://openalex.org/W2462980683","https://openalex.org/W2598442119","https://openalex.org/W2946112290","https://openalex.org/W2947796641","https://openalex.org/W2969523073","https://openalex.org/W2973578287","https://openalex.org/W2980523040","https://openalex.org/W2981735536","https://openalex.org/W3150007092","https://openalex.org/W3197522827","https://openalex.org/W3200046533","https://openalex.org/W3216894215","https://openalex.org/W4207071830","https://openalex.org/W4210264624","https://openalex.org/W4211194576","https://openalex.org/W4220979309","https://openalex.org/W4255249410","https://openalex.org/W4255541977","https://openalex.org/W6630147267"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7163669732","https://openalex.org/W2980523040","https://openalex.org/W7213984841","https://openalex.org/W4210264624","https://openalex.org/W1481182308","https://openalex.org/W7168404739","https://openalex.org/W2395285166","https://openalex.org/W7212329441","https://openalex.org/W4408406753","https://openalex.org/W4388445126"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,135],"world":[2],"is":[3,118,132],"witnessing":[4],"a":[5,78,86,125],"rise":[6],"in":[7,46],"speech-enabled":[8],"devices":[9],"serving":[10],"as":[11,60],"epistemic":[12],"informants":[13],"to":[14,34,51,82],"their":[15,52],"users.":[16],"Some":[17],"philosophers":[18],"take":[19],"the":[20,24,43,70,92,96,111],"view":[21,67,97,142],"that":[22,95,98],"because":[23],"utterances":[25,56,102],"produced":[26],"by":[27,76],"such":[28,54,77,100,116,124,146],"machines":[29,117],"can":[30,103],"be":[31,58,83,104],"phenomenologically":[32],"similar":[33],"an":[35],"equivalent":[36],"human":[37],"speech,":[38],"and":[39,68,72,151],"they":[40],"may":[41],"deliver":[42],"same":[44],"function":[45],"terms":[47],"of":[48,89,110,115,123,140,145],"delivering":[49],"content":[50],"audience,":[53],"machine":[55,101,154],"should":[57],"conceptualized":[59],"\u201cassertions\u201d.":[61],"This":[62],"paper":[63,93,136],"argues":[64,94],"against":[65],"this":[66,141],"highlights":[69],"theoretical":[71],"pragmatic":[73],"challenges":[74],"faced":[75],"conceptualization":[79],"which":[80,131],"seems":[81],"based":[84],"on":[85,108],"\u201cfunctionalist\u201d":[87],"account":[88],"assertion.":[90],"Instead,":[91],"some":[99],"\u201cproxy":[105],"assertions\u201d,":[106],"made":[107],"behalf":[109],"designers":[112],"and/or":[113],"deployers":[114],"more":[119],"tenable.":[120],"Existing":[121],"accounts":[122],"view,":[126],"however,":[127],"need":[128],"further":[129],"refinement,":[130],"provided":[133],"here.":[134],"then":[137],"discusses":[138],"implications":[139],"for":[143],"design":[144],"machines,":[147],"particularly":[148],"those":[149],"enabled":[150],"equipped":[152],"with":[153],"learning":[155],"capabilities.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2024-01-30T00:00:00"}