{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391234652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4703763","title":"Digital Health Smartphone App Interventions with or Without Gamification in At-Risk Cardiovascular Disease Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials","display_name":"Digital Health Smartphone App Interventions with or Without Gamification in At-Risk Cardiovascular Disease Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391234652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4703763"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4703763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4703763","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4703763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4703763","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005867158","display_name":"Sayan Mitra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4883-4966","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4883-4966","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9518-7206"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sayan Mitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney - Central Clinical School","The University of Sydney - Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia","The University of Sydney - Charles Perkins Centre"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney - Central Clinical School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney - Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney - Charles Perkins Centre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003045336","display_name":"Cynthia M. Kroeger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5828-4283","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5828-4283"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia  M. Kroeger","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney - Charles Perkins Centre"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney - Charles Perkins Centre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100428378","display_name":"Tian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7217-4200","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7217-4200","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6425-2893"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney - Charles Perkins Centre"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney - Charles Perkins Centre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019400264","display_name":"Andrius Masedunskas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4533-5467","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4533-5467"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrius Masedunskas","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney - Charles Perkins Centre"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney - Charles Perkins Centre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069724066","display_name":"Sophie Cassidy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0228-7274","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0228-7274"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophie Cassidy","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney - Charles Perkins Centre"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney - Charles Perkins Centre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093790057","display_name":"Isabella De Ciutiis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabella De Ciutiis","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney - Charles Perkins Centre"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney - Charles Perkins Centre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093790058","display_name":"Petra T. E. Hooijenga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petra  T. E. Hooijenga","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney - Charles Perkins Centre"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney - Charles Perkins Centre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Robin Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney - School of Computer Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney - School of Computer Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100389797","display_name":"Na Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1046-0775","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1046-0775"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney Business School","The University of Sydney Business School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NC 2006, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney Business School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney Business School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NC 2006, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025203839","display_name":"Luigi Fontana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8500-5537","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8500-5537"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Fontana","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney - Charles Perkins Centre"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney - Charles Perkins Centre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005867158"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamification","display_name":"gamification","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-application","display_name":"mobile application","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mhealth-intervention","display_name":"mobile health intervention","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atherosclerotic-cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerable-populations","display_name":"vulnerable populations","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiometabolic-health","display_name":"cardiometabolic health","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-weight","display_name":"body weight","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systolic-blood-pressure","display_name":"systolic blood pressure","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ldl-cholesterol","display_name":"LDL cholesterol","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hba1c","display_name":"HbA1c","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/app-quality","display_name":"app quality","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifestyle-modification","display_name":"lifestyle modification","score":0.6919999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.6674527525901794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5998175740242004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5649328827857971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780433410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276090","display_name":"Digital health","level":3,"score":0.5615344047546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018284874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389735","display_name":"Cardiovascular health","level":3,"score":0.5568230152130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017619522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620615","display_name":"Smartphone app","level":2,"score":0.5473527908325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4667893350124359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.4553424119949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.4406333267688751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020250448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620615","display_name":"Smartphone application","level":2,"score":0.43348559737205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779363104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069079","display_name":"mHealth","level":3,"score":0.4288357198238373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3649004101753235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.33189302682876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.29355162382125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2813539505004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.19327539205551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.17999416589736938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.16284805536270142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.13687020540237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.10213437676429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4703763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4703763","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4703763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4703763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4703763","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4703763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8100000023841858}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391224196","https://openalex.org/W4402844993","https://openalex.org/W7219369113","https://openalex.org/W4405125312","https://openalex.org/W3152778603","https://openalex.org/W4401813288","https://openalex.org/W3127700251","https://openalex.org/W4387053355","https://openalex.org/W4385398065","https://openalex.org/W2783452961"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2024-01-26T00:00:00"}