{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391175813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14030995","title":"Exploring Heuristic and Optimization Approaches for Elevator Group Control Systems","display_name":"Exploring Heuristic and Optimization Approaches for Elevator Group Control Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391175813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14030995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app14030995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14030995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14030995","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/3/995/pdf?version=1706091257","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/3/995/pdf?version=1706091257","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013052619","display_name":"Atef Gharbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5894-8895","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5894-8895"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118590987","display_name":"Northern Border University","ror":"https://ror.org/03j9tzj20","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118590987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179097149","display_name":"University of Carthage","ror":"https://ror.org/057x6za15","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179097149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42731748","display_name":"National Institute of Applied Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qn2rd91","country_code":"TN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42731748"]}],"countries":["SA","TN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Atef Gharbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia","LISI Laboratory, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, Carthage 1054, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118590987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LISI Laboratory, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, Carthage 1054, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179097149","https://openalex.org/I42731748"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013052619"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118590987","https://openalex.org/I179097149","https://openalex.org/I42731748"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2728},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2728},"fwci":1.1189,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73822264,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"995","last_page":"995"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevator-group-control","display_name":"elevator group control","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state-models","display_name":"finite-state models","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"genetic algorithm","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulated-annealing","display_name":"simulated annealing","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation-optimization","display_name":"simulation-based optimization","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passenger-waiting-time","display_name":"passenger waiting time","score":0.925000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5367698669433594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147021018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252451","display_name":"Elevator","level":2,"score":0.47798866033554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4425174593925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.35462599992752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23269304633140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19145417213439941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14838603138923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.061320722103118896}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/app14030995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14030995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14030995","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/3/995/pdf?version=1706091257","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3c302e9a97e647b4a61e19edf612972e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3c302e9a97e647b4a61e19edf612972e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences, Vol 14, Iss 3, p 995 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app14030995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14030995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14030995","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/3/995/pdf?version=1706091257","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328654","display_name":"Northern Border University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391175813.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391175813.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W883434633","https://openalex.org/W2062353690","https://openalex.org/W2110066253","https://openalex.org/W2792786458","https://openalex.org/W2936378997","https://openalex.org/W2946973140","https://openalex.org/W2974911832","https://openalex.org/W2980382109","https://openalex.org/W2985638660","https://openalex.org/W2993471286","https://openalex.org/W2998553334","https://openalex.org/W3094704314","https://openalex.org/W3126428320","https://openalex.org/W3133722106","https://openalex.org/W3193439616","https://openalex.org/W4200367352","https://openalex.org/W4213412934","https://openalex.org/W4292635991","https://openalex.org/W4292738231","https://openalex.org/W4311411307","https://openalex.org/W4367057884","https://openalex.org/W6683333791","https://openalex.org/W6990109135"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4241837227","https://openalex.org/W1507618586","https://openalex.org/W1992739161","https://openalex.org/W2905031437","https://openalex.org/W4327521044","https://openalex.org/W4308506277","https://openalex.org/W3114949286","https://openalex.org/W3159687493","https://openalex.org/W1895091921"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"undertakes":[2],"an":[3,26],"examination":[4],"of":[5,22,25,39,76,179],"elevator":[6,27,40],"car":[7],"dispatching":[8],"methods":[9],"in":[10,81,170],"response":[11],"to":[12,35,87,124,143],"hall":[13],"calls.":[14],"Firstly,":[15],"our":[16],"study":[17],"focuses":[18],"on":[19,107],"the":[20,37,50,56,65,72,126,145,158,167,177],"establishment":[21],"a":[23,32,120],"representation":[24],"group":[28,41],"control":[29],"system":[30],"as":[31],"finite-state":[33],"machine":[34],"understand":[36],"dynamics":[38],"control.":[42],"Secondly,":[43],"two":[44],"primary":[45],"heuristics":[46,165],"are":[47],"explored,":[48],"with":[49],"first":[51],"advocating":[52],"directional":[53],"continuity":[54],"unless":[55],"highest":[57],"or":[58],"lowest":[59],"floor":[60,77],"has":[61],"been":[62],"reached,":[63],"while":[64],"second":[66],"permits":[67],"direction":[68],"change":[69],"upon":[70],"completing":[71],"final":[73],"call,":[74],"regardless":[75],"extremes.":[78],"Identified":[79],"inefficiencies":[80],"these":[82,150],"heuristic":[83],"solutions":[84],"lead":[85],"us":[86],"explore":[88],"enhanced":[89],"alternatives.":[90],"Consequently,":[91],"we":[92],"delve":[93],"into":[94],"genetic":[95,135],"algorithm":[96],"(GA)":[97],"and":[98,111,134,166],"simulated":[99,132],"annealing":[100,133],"(SA)":[101],"methodologies.":[102],"Our":[103],"focus":[104],"initially":[105],"centers":[106],"devising":[108],"solution":[109],"representations":[110],"determining":[112],"fitness":[113],"evaluations":[114],"for":[115,130],"both":[116,131,163],"approaches.":[117],"We":[118],"employ":[119],"simulation-based":[121],"optimization":[122],"approach":[123,148,160],"identify":[125],"optimal":[127],"parameter":[128],"values":[129],"algorithms.":[136],"A":[137,153],"subsequent":[138],"comparative":[139,154],"analysis":[140,155],"is":[141],"conducted":[142],"ascertain":[144],"most":[146],"effective":[147],"among":[149],"diverse":[151],"solutions.":[152],"reveals":[156],"that":[157],"GA-based":[159],"significantly":[161],"outperforms":[162],"existing":[164],"SA-based":[168],"method":[169],"minimizing":[171],"average":[172],"passenger":[173],"waiting":[174],"time":[175],"at":[176],"cost":[178],"longer":[180],"computational":[181],"time.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-07T09:17:50.787605","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
