{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391027334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17407745231221438","title":"A Bayesian adaptive design approach for stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials","display_name":"A Bayesian adaptive design approach for stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391027334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17407745231221438","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38240270"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/17407745231221438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17407745231221438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17407745231221438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59378366","display_name":"Clinical Trials","issn_l":"1740-7745","issn":["1740-7745","1740-7753"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Trials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17407745231221438","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011146758","display_name":"Jijia Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2882-7520","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2882-7520"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jijia Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040628748","display_name":"Jing Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3978-911X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3978-911X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178169726","display_name":"Southern Methodist University","ror":"https://ror.org/042tdr378","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics and Data Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics and Data Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178169726"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026905234","display_name":"Chul Woo Ahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2997-9203","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2997-9203"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chul Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100366550","display_name":"Song Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9364-4053","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9364-4053"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Song Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9364-4053","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100366550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"],"apc_list":{"value":3950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3950},"apc_paid":{"value":3950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3950},"fwci":0.9968,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73706452,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"440","last_page":"450"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11798","display_name":"Optimal Experimental Design Methods","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-adaptive-design","display_name":"Bayesian adaptive design","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stepped-wedge-cluster-randomized-trial","display_name":"stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-stopping","display_name":"early stopping","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-probability","display_name":"predictive probability","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/futility-stopping","display_name":"futility stopping","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-size","display_name":"cluster size","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-structure","display_name":"correlation structure","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-i-error","display_name":"type I error","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-power","display_name":"statistical power","score":0.777999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.6475996971130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6187723278999329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176400912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3058662","display_name":"Cluster randomised controlled trial","level":3,"score":0.5193180441856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.5121715068817139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776957806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895105","display_name":"Interim","level":2,"score":0.5083743929862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61943457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6046661","display_name":"Interim analysis","level":3,"score":0.46308380365371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.45835864543914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.43709713220596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.4160974323749542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3508087694644928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3062129020690918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2898060977458954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2195023000240326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18469855189323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000075522","descriptor_name":"Adaptive Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000075522","descriptor_name":"Adaptive Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000075522","descriptor_name":"Adaptive Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000075522","descriptor_name":"Adaptive Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018401","descriptor_name":"Sample Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018401","descriptor_name":"Sample Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018401","descriptor_name":"Sample Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018401","descriptor_name":"Sample Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018401","descriptor_name":"Sample Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018401","descriptor_name":"Sample Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018401","descriptor_name":"Sample Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/17407745231221438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17407745231221438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17407745231221438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59378366","display_name":"Clinical Trials","issn_l":"1740-7745","issn":["1740-7745","1740-7753"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Trials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38240270","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38240270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical trials (London, England)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11261240","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11261240","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11261240/pdf/10.1177_17407745231221438.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Clin Trials","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/17407745231221438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17407745231221438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17407745231221438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59378366","display_name":"Clinical Trials","issn_l":"1740-7745","issn":["1740-7745","1740-7753"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Trials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G193381231","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PCORI R-1609-36761","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308927","funder_display_name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6308791778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ME-1609-36761","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308927","funder_display_name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8806209422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NCI 5P30CA142543","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000895098","display_name":"UT Southwestern Center for Translational Medicine","funder_award_id":"UL1TR003163","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000898154","display_name":"UT Southwestern Medical Center Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center","funder_award_id":"P30CA142543","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308927","display_name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/014q65q44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W651652324","https://openalex.org/W902185106","https://openalex.org/W1493454484","https://openalex.org/W1526262927","https://openalex.org/W1536497620","https://openalex.org/W1566333899","https://openalex.org/W1568852478","https://openalex.org/W1592466264","https://openalex.org/W1975532090","https://openalex.org/W1982440644","https://openalex.org/W2006916889","https://openalex.org/W2019775690","https://openalex.org/W2026630686","https://openalex.org/W2032039690","https://openalex.org/W2040011853","https://openalex.org/W2071631247","https://openalex.org/W2072364575","https://openalex.org/W2091197596","https://openalex.org/W2101754128","https://openalex.org/W2109429120","https://openalex.org/W2145770185","https://openalex.org/W2155291829","https://openalex.org/W2221668866","https://openalex.org/W2464617656","https://openalex.org/W2495538325","https://openalex.org/W2574759538","https://openalex.org/W2730570232","https://openalex.org/W2745166398","https://openalex.org/W2811138860","https://openalex.org/W2957775983","https://openalex.org/W3090871494","https://openalex.org/W3151993145","https://openalex.org/W4206897392","https://openalex.org/W4223922150","https://openalex.org/W4223973975","https://openalex.org/W4299020278"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381648486","https://openalex.org/W2023402573","https://openalex.org/W64094104","https://openalex.org/W2442977450","https://openalex.org/W3140988586","https://openalex.org/W4241346962","https://openalex.org/W4249829394","https://openalex.org/W2746117175","https://openalex.org/W2363503150","https://openalex.org/W2891422892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,93,181],"Bayesian":[2,62,94,172],"group":[3],"sequential":[4],"design":[5,64,113,128],"has":[6],"been":[7],"applied":[8],"widely":[9],"in":[10,14,35,47,140],"clinical":[11,52],"studies,":[12],"especially":[13],"Phase":[15],"II":[16],"and":[17,53,96,102,143,154,204],"III":[18],"studies.":[19],"It":[20],"allows":[21],"early":[22,158,191],"termination":[23],"based":[24,75],"on":[25,76],"accumulating":[26],"interim":[27,91],"data.":[28,92],"However,":[29],"to":[30,38,111,118,187],"date,":[31],"there":[32],"lacks":[33],"development":[34],"its":[36],"application":[37,161],"stepped-wedge":[39,67,176,207],"cluster":[40,68,136,141,177,208],"randomized":[41,69,178,209],"trials,":[42,70],"which":[43,71],"are":[44,105],"gaining":[45],"popularity":[46],"pragmatic":[48],"trials":[49,179],"conducted":[50],"by":[51],"health":[54],"care":[55],"delivery":[56],"researchers.":[57],"METHODS:":[58],"We":[59,108,123],"propose":[60],"a":[61],"adaptive":[63,73,173],"approach":[65,183],"for":[66,99],"makes":[72],"decisions":[74],"the":[77,82,86,97,132,155,169,185,189,202],"predictive":[78],"probability":[79,156],"of":[80,88,134,157,171,195,206],"declaring":[81],"intervention":[83],"effective":[84],"at":[85],"end":[87],"study":[89,167],"given":[90],"models":[95],"algorithms":[98],"posterior":[100],"inference":[101],"trial":[103,147,190],"conduct":[104],"presented.":[106,164],"RESULTS:":[107],"present":[109],"how":[110,126],"determine":[112],"parameters":[114],"through":[115],"extensive":[116],"simulations":[117],"achieve":[119],"desired":[120],"operational":[121],"characteristics.":[122],"further":[124],"evaluate":[125],"various":[127],"factors,":[129],"such":[130],"as":[131],"number":[133],"steps,":[135],"size,":[137,142],"random":[138],"variability":[139],"correlation":[144],"structures,":[145],"impact":[146],"properties,":[148],"including":[149],"power,":[150],"type":[151],"I":[152],"error,":[153],"stopping.":[159],"An":[160],"example":[162],"is":[163,199],"CONCLUSION:":[165],"This":[166],"presents":[168],"incorporation":[170],"strategies":[174],"into":[175],"design.":[180],"proposed":[182],"provides":[184],"flexibility":[186,203],"stop":[188],"if":[192],"substantial":[193],"evidence":[194],"efficacy":[196],"or":[197],"futility":[198],"observed,":[200],"improving":[201],"efficiency":[205],"trials.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-15T10:00:46.086208","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}