{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390969331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3355816","title":"Backdoor Attacks to Deep Neural Networks: A Survey of the Literature, Challenges, and Future Research Directions","display_name":"Backdoor Attacks to Deep Neural Networks: A Survey of the Literature, Challenges, and Future Research Directions","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390969331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3355816"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3355816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3355816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3355816","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10403914.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10403914.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093657070","display_name":"Orson Mengara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4022-3499","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4022-3499"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159129438","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/002rjbv21","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39481719","display_name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/04td37d32","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39481719","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Orson Mengara","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRS-EMT, University of Quebec, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4022-3499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRS-EMT, University of Quebec, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I39481719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009407218","display_name":"Anderson Raymundo Avila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3088-5116","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3088-5116"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159129438","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/002rjbv21","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33217400","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec en Outaouais","ror":"https://ror.org/011pqxa69","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33217400","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39481719","display_name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/04td37d32","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39481719","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anderson Avila","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRS-EMT, University of Quebec, Montreal, Canada","INRS-UQO Joint Research Unit on Cybersecurity, Gatineau, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRS-EMT, University of Quebec, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I39481719"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRS-UQO Joint Research Unit on Cybersecurity, Gatineau, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33217400","https://openalex.org/I39481719"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065418889","display_name":"Tiago Henrique Falk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5739-2514","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5739-2514"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159129438","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/002rjbv21","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33217400","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec en Outaouais","ror":"https://ror.org/011pqxa69","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33217400","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39481719","display_name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/04td37d32","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39481719","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiago H. Falk","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRS-EMT, University of Quebec, Montreal, Canada","INRS-UQO Joint Research Unit on Cybersecurity, Gatineau, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5739-2514","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRS-EMT, University of Quebec, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I39481719"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRS-UQO Joint Research Unit on Cybersecurity, Gatineau, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33217400","https://openalex.org/I39481719"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1995},"apc_paid":{"value":1995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1995},"fwci":4.4215,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95446371,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"29004","last_page":"29023"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backdoor-attacks","display_name":"backdoor attacks","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-network","display_name":"deep neural network","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-machine-learning","display_name":"adversarial learning","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-poisoning-attacks","display_name":"data poisoning","score":0.6700000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254569","display_name":"Backdoor","level":2,"score":0.9993575811386108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7653193473815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6199684143066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5544826984405518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5443796515464783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5151423215866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5150653719902039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5144291520118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.514225959777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.4633958637714386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.4316677153110504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38235899806022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3355816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3355816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3355816","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10403914.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0bce14f96bb4413cb0a58f1a4773c0ac","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0bce14f96bb4413cb0a58f1a4773c0ac","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 29004-29023 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3355816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3355816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3355816","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10403914.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390969331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390969331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":308,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9657784","https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W1970267951","https://openalex.org/W1999798000","https://openalex.org/W2075972939","https://openalex.org/W2088338354","https://openalex.org/W2107397716","https://openalex.org/W2112507308","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2119112357","https://openalex.org/W2121289914","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2293844262","https://openalex.org/W2535690855","https://openalex.org/W2560162835","https://openalex.org/W2572504188","https://openalex.org/W2624801495","https://openalex.org/W2750650104","https://openalex.org/W2774253509","https://openalex.org/W2774423163","https://openalex.org/W2775907600","https://openalex.org/W2780061022","https://openalex.org/W2783237807","https://openalex.org/W2783957729","https://openalex.org/W2791122243","https://openalex.org/W2791218785","https://openalex.org/W2793044632","https://openalex.org/W2793931959","https://openalex.org/W2807363941","https://openalex.org/W2810065831","https://openalex.org/W2889233174","https://openalex.org/W2891828758","https://openalex.org/W2893554781","https://openalex.org/W2898759955","https://openalex.org/W2900018096","https://openalex.org/W2901442710","https://openalex.org/W2934843808","https://openalex.org/W2941649104","https://openalex.org/W2942091739","https://openalex.org/W2945744610","https://openalex.org/W2946124108","https://openalex.org/W2947864246","https://openalex.org/W2952348804","https://openalex.org/W2953780386","https://openalex.org/W2956034423","https://openalex.org/W2962700793","https://openalex.org/W2962847335","https://openalex.org/W2963178695","https://openalex.org/W2964108292","https://openalex.org/W2964274719","https://openalex.org/W2965527544","https://openalex.org/W2966104011","https://openalex.org/W2966187620","https://openalex.org/W2966689772","https://openalex.org/W2969695741","https://openalex.org/W2970200861","https://openalex.org/W2971661634","https://openalex.org/W2975583675","https://openalex.org/W2979693078","https://openalex.org/W2981446616","https://openalex.org/W2985913519","https://openalex.org/W2985954225","https://openalex.org/W2986013765","https://openalex.org/W2990270730","https://openalex.org/W2990595670","https://openalex.org/W2996061416","https://openalex.org/W2996757750","https://openalex.org/W2996800219","https://openalex.org/W2997717738","https://openalex.org/W2998645245","https://openalex.org/W2999321020","https://openalex.org/W3000731494","https://openalex.org/W3006208173","https://openalex.org/W3007358161","https://openalex.org/W3008901592","https://openalex.org/W3010216907","https://openalex.org/W3011696425","https://openalex.org/W3013170989","https://openalex.org/W3015678314","https://openalex.org/W3017400270","https://openalex.org/W3018763859","https://openalex.org/W3021281443","https://openalex.org/W3022042319","https://openalex.org/W3034126795","https://openalex.org/W3034334120","https://openalex.org/W3034414373","https://openalex.org/W3035367371","https://openalex.org/W3036854304","https://openalex.org/W3038241514","https://openalex.org/W3039448353","https://openalex.org/W3041107652","https://openalex.org/W3042368254","https://openalex.org/W3043705394","https://openalex.org/W3044223678","https://openalex.org/W3047587361","https://openalex.org/W3074128044","https://openalex.org/W3081178496","https://openalex.org/W3083045783","https://openalex.org/W3083185154","https://openalex.org/W3092005433","https://openalex.org/W3092779519","https://openalex.org/W3093137868","https://openalex.org/W3093239278","https://openalex.org/W3093748630","https://openalex.org/W3094566724","https://openalex.org/W3094933146","https://openalex.org/W3097631606","https://openalex.org/W3098757341","https://openalex.org/W3099410841","https://openalex.org/W3100096660","https://openalex.org/W3103836116","https://openalex.org/W3104537462","https://openalex.org/W3105604018","https://openalex.org/W3106646114","https://openalex.org/W3107337211","https://openalex.org/W3108535146","https://openalex.org/W3108700588","https://openalex.org/W3109235236","https://openalex.org/W3109695251","https://openalex.org/W3110285749","https://openalex.org/W3112787034","https://openalex.org/W3113133901","https://openalex.org/W3114838227","https://openalex.org/W3117572899","https://openalex.org/W3119388964","https://openalex.org/W3119841746","https://openalex.org/W3121478722","https://openalex.org/W3127616799","https://openalex.org/W3127920203","https://openalex.org/W3128717341","https://openalex.org/W3130788031","https://openalex.org/W3135366566","https://openalex.org/W3135970545","https://openalex.org/W3137469725","https://openalex.org/W3138646989","https://openalex.org/W3138815606","https://openalex.org/W3140988292","https://openalex.org/W3154181338","https://openalex.org/W3159598499","https://openalex.org/W3159758183","https://openalex.org/W3161237625","https://openalex.org/W3163083600","https://openalex.org/W3163760706","https://openalex.org/W3163966458","https://openalex.org/W3167002899","https://openalex.org/W3168080121","https://openalex.org/W3168256814","https://openalex.org/W3169996014","https://openalex.org/W3171542887","https://openalex.org/W3172253663","https://openalex.org/W3173670432","https://openalex.org/W3173784240","https://openalex.org/W3175052694","https://openalex.org/W3175919946","https://openalex.org/W3176123145","https://openalex.org/W3176270593","https://openalex.org/W3188731224","https://openalex.org/W3190013336","https://openalex.org/W3190075653","https://openalex.org/W3192036897","https://openalex.org/W3193955590","https://openalex.org/W3194405061","https://openalex.org/W3195246388","https://openalex.org/W3195374612","https://openalex.org/W3196546979","https://openalex.org/W3196661293","https://openalex.org/W3197298723","https://openalex.org/W3198890194","https://openalex.org/W3200953672","https://openalex.org/W3201941857","https://openalex.org/W3202359271","https://openalex.org/W3202492633","https://openalex.org/W3202721837","https://openalex.org/W3203881213","https://openalex.org/W3204704497","https://openalex.org/W3205084690","https://openalex.org/W3205328330","https://openalex.org/W3206218040","https://openalex.org/W3206645831","https://openalex.org/W3207360435","https://openalex.org/W3209819950","https://openalex.org/W3210227505","https://openalex.org/W3212158867","https://openalex.org/W3212213895","https://openalex.org/W3213619580","https://openalex.org/W3215147048","https://openalex.org/W3216556018","https://openalex.org/W4200512086","https://openalex.org/W4206437641","https://openalex.org/W4206463926","https://openalex.org/W4213110664","https://openalex.org/W4221129260","https://openalex.org/W4221141428","https://openalex.org/W4221141969","https://openalex.org/W4221158766","https://openalex.org/W4221165954","https://openalex.org/W4224100994","https://openalex.org/W4224308101","https://openalex.org/W4224918093","https://openalex.org/W4224952101","https://openalex.org/W4225678119","https://openalex.org/W4226054955","https://openalex.org/W4226322346","https://openalex.org/W4226493408","https://openalex.org/W4229367784","https://openalex.org/W4252979261","https://openalex.org/W4281392502","https://openalex.org/W4281396648","https://openalex.org/W4281645443","https://openalex.org/W4283311307","https://openalex.org/W4283753393","https://openalex.org/W4284884156","https://openalex.org/W4285206772","https://openalex.org/W4285233920","https://openalex.org/W4285603001","https://openalex.org/W4285821506","https://openalex.org/W4288057740","https://openalex.org/W4288391221","https://openalex.org/W4288758078","https://openalex.org/W4292387498","https://openalex.org/W4293812146","https://openalex.org/W4294771623","https://openalex.org/W4294982857","https://openalex.org/W4296437512","https://openalex.org/W4296473303","https://openalex.org/W4297337077","https://openalex.org/W4300964699","https://openalex.org/W4307314982","https://openalex.org/W4308235957","https://openalex.org/W4310510965","https://openalex.org/W4311644718","https://openalex.org/W4311852625","https://openalex.org/W4312048073","https://openalex.org/W4312280786","https://openalex.org/W4312291044","https://openalex.org/W4312329503","https://openalex.org/W4312351352","https://openalex.org/W4312386064","https://openalex.org/W4312406341","https://openalex.org/W4312536478","https://openalex.org/W4313192591","https://openalex.org/W4313306320","https://openalex.org/W4313423381","https://openalex.org/W4313956065","https://openalex.org/W4315630292","https://openalex.org/W4315929005","https://openalex.org/W4318185111","https://openalex.org/W4319301723","https://openalex.org/W4321472343","https://openalex.org/W4322736917","https://openalex.org/W4322760473","https://openalex.org/W4323555855","https://openalex.org/W4324118157","https://openalex.org/W4324311865","https://openalex.org/W4353007081","https://openalex.org/W4360898063","https://openalex.org/W4360995550","https://openalex.org/W4361223432","https://openalex.org/W4361228537","https://openalex.org/W4362515116","https://openalex.org/W4362573583","https://openalex.org/W4362714395","https://openalex.org/W4365807860","https://openalex.org/W4366424700","https://openalex.org/W4367000527","https://openalex.org/W4367701241","https://openalex.org/W4375869076","https://openalex.org/W4380993341","https://openalex.org/W4382237486","https://openalex.org/W4382239944","https://openalex.org/W4382469137","https://openalex.org/W4383046627","https://openalex.org/W4383503656","https://openalex.org/W4384655830","https://openalex.org/W4384948718","https://openalex.org/W4385080307","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385301073","https://openalex.org/W4385412309","https://openalex.org/W4385452929","https://openalex.org/W4385679845","https://openalex.org/W4386057740","https://openalex.org/W4386059980","https://openalex.org/W4387724078","https://openalex.org/W4387831692","https://openalex.org/W4388430792","https://openalex.org/W4388726687","https://openalex.org/W4388867373","https://openalex.org/W4389400899","https://openalex.org/W4390601291","https://openalex.org/W4390871934","https://openalex.org/W4390873212","https://openalex.org/W4391136507","https://openalex.org/W4391725293","https://openalex.org/W4402264526","https://openalex.org/W4402288683","https://openalex.org/W6902640234","https://openalex.org/W7056673059","https://openalex.org/W7133186737","https://openalex.org/W7133188219","https://openalex.org/W7133189398","https://openalex.org/W7133190639","https://openalex.org/W7133201683","https://openalex.org/W7133211180","https://openalex.org/W7133239054","https://openalex.org/W7133241446","https://openalex.org/W7133244044"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4320031223","https://openalex.org/W4200629851","https://openalex.org/W4281902577","https://openalex.org/W4377865163","https://openalex.org/W3193857078","https://openalex.org/W2888956734","https://openalex.org/W3000197790","https://openalex.org/W4315865067","https://openalex.org/W2979433843","https://openalex.org/W3208304128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1],"network":[2],"(DNN)":[3],"classifiers":[4],"are":[5,18,51,91],"potent":[6],"instruments":[7],"that":[8,23],"can":[9,96],"be":[10,78,97],"used":[11,98],"in":[12,85,125],"various":[13],"security-sensitive":[14],"applications.":[15],"Nonetheless,":[16],"they":[17],"vulnerable":[19],"to":[20,93,99],"certain":[21],"attacks":[22,33,90],"impede":[24],"or":[25,46],"distort":[26],"their":[27],"learning":[28,38],"process.":[29],"For":[30],"example,":[31],"backdoor":[32,82,126],"involve":[34],"polluting":[35],"the":[36,64,86,101,107,111,118,122,134],"DNN":[37,65,102],"set":[39,58],"with":[40,71],"a":[41,55,81],"few":[42],"samples":[43,70],"from":[44],"one":[45],"more":[47],"source":[48],"classes,":[49],"which":[50],"then":[52],"labelled":[53],"as":[54,141,143],"target":[56,108],"class":[57],"by":[59,110],"an":[60],"attacker.":[61,112],"Even":[62],"if":[63,80],"is":[66],"trained":[67],"on":[68,106,136],"clean":[69],"no":[72],"backdoors,":[73],"this":[74,114],"attack":[75,127],"will":[76],"still":[77],"successful":[79],"pattern":[83],"exists":[84],"training":[87],"data.":[88],"Backdoor":[89],"difficult":[92],"spot":[94],"and":[95,120,129,138],"make":[100],"behave":[103],"maliciously":[104],"depending":[105],"selected":[109],"In":[113],"study,":[115],"we":[116],"survey":[117],"literature":[119],"highlight":[121],"latest":[123],"advances":[124],"strategies":[128],"defense":[130],"mechanisms.":[131],"We":[132],"finalize":[133],"discussion":[135],"challenges":[137],"open":[139],"issues,":[140],"well":[142],"future":[144],"research":[145],"opportunities.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
