{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390950302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.009","title":"Increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on a low-carbohydrate diet in adults with normal but not high body weight: A meta-analysis","display_name":"Increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on a low-carbohydrate diet in adults with normal but not high body weight: A meta-analysis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390950302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.009","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38237807"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71285955","display_name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","issn_l":"0002-9165","issn":["0002-9165","1938-3207"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.009","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023835074","display_name":"Adri\u00e1n Soto-Mota","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-7440","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-7440"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097900","display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n","ror":"https://ror.org/00xgvev73","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095685","https://openalex.org/I4210097900","https://openalex.org/I4210128723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Soto-Mota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, National Institute for Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico","Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, National Institute for Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City","Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, National Institute for Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097900","https://openalex.org/I98461037"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, National Institute for Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097900"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093731341","display_name":"Yuscely Flores-Jurado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0798-2989","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0798-2989"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097900","display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n","ror":"https://ror.org/00xgvev73","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095685","https://openalex.org/I4210097900","https://openalex.org/I4210128723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8961855","display_name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmp8f25","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuscely Flores-Jurado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, National Institute for Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico; National Autonomous University of Mexico, School of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico","Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, National Institute for Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City","National Autonomous University of Mexico, School of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, National Institute for Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico; National Autonomous University of Mexico, School of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097900","https://openalex.org/I8961855"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, National Institute for Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097900"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Autonomous University of Mexico, School of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055767226","display_name":"Nicholas G. Norwitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0826-9069","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0826-9069"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas G Norwitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States","Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"David Feldman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Feldman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Citizen Science Foundation, Las Vegas, NV, United States","Citizen Science Foundation, Las Vegas, NV, 89139 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Citizen Science Foundation, Las Vegas, NV, United States","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Citizen Science Foundation, Las Vegas, NV, 89139 USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005173157","display_name":"Mark A. Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6704-5276","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6704-5276"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark A Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, MN, United States","Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, MN, 55454 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, MN, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, MN, 55454 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040825196","display_name":"Goodarz Danaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2456-5463","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2456-5463"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goodarz Danaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States","Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084757743","display_name":"David S. Ludwig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3307-8544","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3307-8544"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143721","display_name":"New Balance (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nbnrt83","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143721"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David S Ludwig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, United States. Electronic address: david.ludwig@childrens.harvard.edu","Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 USA","Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115 USA","New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, 02115 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3307-8544","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, United States. Electronic address: david.ludwig@childrens.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, 02115 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113","https://openalex.org/I4210143721"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084757743"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210143721"],"apc_list":{"value":5100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5100},"apc_paid":{"value":5100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5100},"fwci":2.5125,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92412517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"119","issue":"3","first_page":"740","last_page":"747"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12267","display_name":"Diet and metabolism studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12267","display_name":"Diet and metabolism studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12745","display_name":"Dietary Effects on Health","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ldl-cholesterol","display_name":"LDL cholesterol","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-carbohydrate-diet","display_name":"low-carbohydrate diet","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saturated-fat-intake","display_name":"saturated fat intake","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbohydrate-restriction","display_name":"carbohydrate restriction","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk","display_name":"cardiovascular risk","score":0.5019999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.7028616070747375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6940593123435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.50551438331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4902117848396301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.4868585467338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.46171972155570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779620165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28749","display_name":"Low-density lipoprotein","level":3,"score":0.4520948529243469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3364017605781555}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002241","descriptor_name":"Carbohydrates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002784","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008076","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol, HDL","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008078","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol, LDL","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014280","descriptor_name":"Triglycerides","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018752","descriptor_name":"Diet, Fat-Restricted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050177","descriptor_name":"Overweight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050528","descriptor_name":"Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71285955","display_name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","issn_l":"0002-9165","issn":["0002-9165","1938-3207"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38237807","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38237807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","raw_type":"Meta-Analysis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71285955","display_name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","issn_l":"0002-9165","issn":["0002-9165","1938-3207"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307833","display_name":"New Balance","ror":"https://ror.org/04nbnrt83"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1926849828","https://openalex.org/W2002364606","https://openalex.org/W2006546769","https://openalex.org/W2015326441","https://openalex.org/W2016109681","https://openalex.org/W2028638156","https://openalex.org/W2056733888","https://openalex.org/W2098518124","https://openalex.org/W2113438133","https://openalex.org/W2115575518","https://openalex.org/W2119374420","https://openalex.org/W2119605658","https://openalex.org/W2120101733","https://openalex.org/W2135997989","https://openalex.org/W2143915650","https://openalex.org/W2166213644","https://openalex.org/W2170897265","https://openalex.org/W2192691149","https://openalex.org/W2397854312","https://openalex.org/W2774119825","https://openalex.org/W2790416311","https://openalex.org/W2885675882","https://openalex.org/W2890539106","https://openalex.org/W2891954475","https://openalex.org/W2939377558","https://openalex.org/W2952929143","https://openalex.org/W2995506097","https://openalex.org/W3112759068","https://openalex.org/W3135070816","https://openalex.org/W3161555093","https://openalex.org/W3170269751","https://openalex.org/W3204616016","https://openalex.org/W4210639205","https://openalex.org/W4220983732","https://openalex.org/W4280580298","https://openalex.org/W4307862389","https://openalex.org/W4327811574","https://openalex.org/W4390055790"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6920470446","https://openalex.org/W2937220260","https://openalex.org/W2903621130","https://openalex.org/W3112759068","https://openalex.org/W4210639205","https://openalex.org/W2192691149","https://openalex.org/W2110483590","https://openalex.org/W2135997989","https://openalex.org/W3014552459","https://openalex.org/W4399567302"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Low-density":[1],"lipoprotein":[2],"(LDL)":[3],"cholesterol":[4,66,136,159,169,192,205,224,238,284],"change":[5,67,137,225],"with":[6,91,101,134,157,163,185,199,243,249],"consumption":[7,250],"of":[8,19,93,109,120,188,251,262,281],"a":[9,86,105,115,130,186,200],"low-carbohydrate":[10],"diet":[11],"(LCD)":[12],"is":[13,239],"highly":[14],"variable.":[15],"Identifying":[16],"the":[17,121,179,218,278],"source":[18],"this":[20,287],"heterogeneity":[21],"could":[22],"guide":[23,258],"clinical":[24,279],"decision-making.":[25],"OBJECTIVES:":[26],".":[27],"METHODS:":[28],"Three":[29],"electronic":[30],"indexes":[31],"(Pubmed,":[32],"EBSCO,":[33],"and":[34,44,61,64,89,104,196,222,274],"Scielo)":[35],"were":[36,77,83,112],"searched":[37],"for":[38,118,183,197,241],"studies":[39],"between":[40,220],"1":[41],"January,":[42],"2003":[43],"20":[45],"December,":[46],"2022.":[47],"Two":[48,71],"independent":[49],"reviewers":[50],"identified":[51],"randomized":[52],"controlled":[53],"trials":[54,100,162,184,198],"involving":[55],"adults":[56],"consuming":[57],"<130":[58],"g/d":[59],"carbohydrate":[60,267],"reporting":[62],"BMI":[63,128,166,189,202,221,248],"LDL":[65,135,158,168,191,204,223,237,283],"or":[68],"equivalent":[69],"data.":[70,97],"investigators":[72],"extracted":[73],"relevant":[74],"data,":[75,217],"which":[76],"validated":[78],"by":[79,171,207],"other":[80,272],"investigators.":[81],"Data":[82],"analyzed":[84],"using":[85],"random-effects":[87],"model":[88],"contrasted":[90],"results":[92],"pooled":[94],"individual":[95,215],"participant":[96,216],"RESULTS:":[98],"Forty-one":[99],"1379":[102],"participants":[103],"mean":[106,126,164,187,201],"intervention":[107],"duration":[108],"19.4":[110],"wk":[111],"included.":[113],"In":[114],"meta-regression":[116],"accounting":[117],"51.4%":[119],"observed":[122,228],"variability":[123],"on":[124,178,229],"LCDs,":[125],"baseline":[127,165],"had":[129],"strong":[131],"inverse":[132],"association":[133],"[\u03b2":[138],"=":[139],"-2.5":[140],"mg/dL/BMI":[141],"unit,":[142],"95%":[143],"confidence":[144],"interval":[145],"(CI):":[146],"-3.7,":[147],"-1.4],":[148],"whereas":[149],"saturated":[150],"fat":[151],"amount":[152],"was":[153,226,293],"not":[154,194,227,246],"significantly":[155],"associated":[156],"change.":[160],"For":[161],"<25,":[167],"increased":[170],"41":[172],"mg/dL":[173,209],"(95%":[174,210],"CI:":[175,211],"19.6,":[176],"63.3)":[177],"LCD.":[180],"By":[181],"contrast,":[182],"25-<35,":[190],"did":[193],"change,":[195],"\u226535,":[203],"decreased":[206],"7":[208],"-12.1,":[212],"-1.3).":[213],"Using":[214],"relationship":[219],"higher-carbohydrate":[230],"diets.":[231],"CONCLUSIONS:":[232],"A":[233],"substantial":[234],"increase":[235],"in":[236,286],"likely":[240],"individuals":[242],"low":[244],"but":[245],"high":[247],"an":[252],"LCD,":[253],"findings":[254],"that":[255],"may":[256],"help":[257],"individualized":[259],"nutritional":[260],"management":[261],"cardiovascular":[263],"disease":[264],"risk.":[265],"As":[266],"restriction":[268],"tends":[269],"to":[270],"improve":[271],"lipid":[273],"nonlipid":[275],"risk":[276],"factors,":[277],"significance":[280],"isolated":[282],"elevation":[285],"context":[288],"warrants":[289],"investigation.":[290],"This":[291],"trial":[292],"registered":[294],"at":[295],"PROSPERO":[296],"as":[297],"CRD42022299278.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-01-18T00:00:00"}