{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390941285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17918/00001879","title":"Examining heterogeneity in language profiles of youth with Down syndrome","display_name":"Examining heterogeneity in language profiles of youth with Down syndrome","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390941285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17918/00001879"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.17918/00001879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17918/00001879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17918/00001879","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drexel University","raw_type":"dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.17918/00001879","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051350992","display_name":"Hannah Elizabeth Grosman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0096-5553","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0096-5553"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannah Elizabeth Grosman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0096-5553","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024216842","display_name":"Nancy Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6663-0713","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6663-0713"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nancy Raitano Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6663-0713","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11015","display_name":"Down syndrome and intellectual disability research","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11015","display_name":"Down syndrome and intellectual disability research","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.03269999846816063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/down-syndrome","display_name":"Down syndrome","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-profiles","display_name":"language profiles","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-individual-variability","display_name":"interindividual variability","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pragmatic-language","display_name":"pragmatic language","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-language","display_name":"social language","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-language","display_name":"structural language","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","display_name":"attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co-occurring-disorders","display_name":"co-occurring disorders","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-disability","display_name":"intellectual disability","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth","display_name":"youth","score":0.5680000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4380413591861725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.36907899379730225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.33311712741851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.32223784923553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09844684600830078}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.17918/00001879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17918/00001879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17918/00001879","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drexel University","raw_type":"dissertation"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.01DRXU_INST:11493096950004721","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchdiscovery.drexel.edu/esploro/outputs/graduate/Examining-heterogeneity-in-language-profiles-of/991021230106204721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064447","display_name":"iDEA - Drexel University Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Masters Thesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.17918/00001879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17918/00001879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17918/00001879","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drexel University","raw_type":"dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7166528787","https://openalex.org/W4205634936","https://openalex.org/W1503681803","https://openalex.org/W2169314706","https://openalex.org/W4416982284","https://openalex.org/W4417361070","https://openalex.org/W4406893874","https://openalex.org/W4390345494","https://openalex.org/W2056927612","https://openalex.org/W84536978"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"decades":[1],"of":[2,14,23,51,73,114,163,199,205,211,220,254,311,342,361,371,382],"research":[3,128,384],"that":[4,112,215],"has":[5,30,38,131],"identified":[6],"strengths":[7],"and":[8,87,98,100,154,165,170,177,179,190,202,207,225,242,245,290,293,303,329,351,376],"weaknesses":[9],"in":[10,28,41,103,122,125,145,150,168,182,222,238,251,259,346,363,385],"the":[11,68,104,115,139,143,171,212,230,240,246,260,277,281,309,343],"cognitive":[12],"abilities":[13,159,176,313],"individuals":[15],"with":[16,45,54,78,152,188,268,270,288,319,387],"Down":[17],"syndrome":[18],"(DS),":[19],"a":[20,55,273,339,358],"considerable":[21],"amount":[22,341,360],"heterogeneity,":[24],"or":[25,321,324],"individual":[26,120],"variability":[27,344],"skills,":[29,53],"been":[31],"documented.":[32],"One":[33],"area":[34,381],"where":[35],"this":[36,136],"heterogeneity":[37],"emerged":[39],"is":[40,76,108,378],"language":[42,52,59,101,123,148,158,175,200,227,234,262,301,312,348,365],"functioning.":[43],"Children":[44],"DS":[46,153,189,231,243,271,282,388],"show":[47],"an":[48,379],"interesting":[49],"profile":[50,310],"distinct":[56],"pragmatic":[57],"(social)":[58],"strength":[60],"when":[61],"compared":[62],"to":[63,110,119,129,133,389],"structural":[64,261],"(non-social)":[65],"language.":[66],"DS,":[67,169],"most":[69],"common":[70],"genetic":[71],"cause":[72],"intellectual":[74],"disability,":[75],"associated":[77],"numerous":[79],"cooccurring":[80,304],"disorders,":[81],"including":[82],"autism":[83],"spectrum":[84],"disorder":[85,90],"(ASD)":[86],"attention":[88],"deficit/hyperactivity":[89],"(ADHD).":[91],"Moreover,":[92],"given":[93],"links":[94],"between":[95,174,266,300],"both":[96,223,239],"ADHD":[97,164,178,208,294,325,330,335,350],"ASD":[99,166,180,206,292,323,328,352,375],"impairments":[102],"general":[105],"population,":[106],"there":[107,216,296],"reason":[109],"believe":[111],"features":[113],"conditions":[116],"may":[117],"relate":[118],"differences":[121],"outcomes":[124],"DS.":[126,183],"However,":[127],"date":[130],"yet":[132],"extensively":[134],"evaluate":[135],"question.":[137],"Consequently,":[138],"present":[140],"study":[141,213],"evaluated":[142],"degree":[144,253],"variance":[146,221,257,275,362],"among":[147],"skills":[149,201,228,235,302],"youth":[151,187,269],"typical":[155],"development,":[156],"how":[157],"differ":[160,250,265,316],"as":[161],"result":[162],"symptomatology":[167,181,305],"continuous":[172],"relation":[173],"Participants":[184],"included":[185],"107":[186],"59":[191],"age-matched":[192],"TD":[193,241,278],"children.":[194],"Parents":[195],"completed":[196],"report":[197],"measures":[198,204],"validated":[203],"symptoms.":[209,326],"Results":[210],"revealed":[214],"are":[217],"large":[218],"degrees":[219],"social":[224,347],"non-social":[226,364],"within":[229],"sample.":[232],"Social":[233],"varied":[236],"widely":[237],"groups":[244,247],"did":[248,264,314,354],"not":[249,315,355],"their":[252],"variance.":[255],"The":[256],"observed":[258],"composite":[263],"groups,":[267],"displaying":[272],"more":[274,320],"than":[276],"group.":[279],"When":[280,327],"sample":[283],"was":[284],"divided":[285],"into":[286],"those":[287,318],"\"more\"":[289],"\"less\"":[291],"symptoms":[295,331,336,353],"were":[297,332],"no":[298],"interactions":[299],"group":[306],"-":[307],"i.e.,":[308],"for":[317,338,357],"less":[322],"considered":[333],"together,":[334],"accounted":[337],"significant":[340,359],"seen":[345],"skills.":[349,366],"account":[356],"These":[367],"findings":[368],"suggest":[369],"presence":[370],"co-occurring":[372],"psychopathologies,":[373],"particularly":[374],"ADHD,":[377],"important":[380],"further":[383],"children":[386],"inform":[390],"clinical":[391],"intervention.":[392]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2024-01-18T00:00:00"}
