{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390909663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52102-7","title":"Combined lime and biochar application enhances cowpea growth and yield in tropical Alfisol","display_name":"Combined lime and biochar application enhances cowpea growth and yield in tropical Alfisol","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390909663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52102-7","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38228713","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10791736"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-024-52102-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52102-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52102-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-52102-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-52102-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049388495","display_name":"Aruna Olasekan Adekiya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9868-1649","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9868-1649"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200433483","display_name":"Bowen University","ror":"https://ror.org/02avtbn34","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200433483"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aruna Olasekan Adekiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agriculture Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria. adekiya2009@yahoo.com","Agriculture Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agriculture Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria. adekiya2009@yahoo.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200433483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agriculture Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200433483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005171054","display_name":"Bolajoko Bisola Ayorinde","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I304664074","display_name":"Landmark University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw4zv66","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bolajoko Bisola Ayorinde","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077251673","display_name":"Timothy O. Ogunbode","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-825X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-825X","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6690-8714"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200433483","display_name":"Bowen University","ror":"https://ror.org/02avtbn34","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200433483"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Ogunbode","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agriculture Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agriculture Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200433483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049388495"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200433483"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"apc_paid":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"fwci":4.9844,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95896421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"1389","last_page":"1389"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.6083999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.6083999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12792","display_name":"Soil Management and Crop Yield","score":0.3725999891757965,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cowpea","display_name":"cowpea","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lime","display_name":"lime","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wood-biochar","display_name":"wood biochar","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-acidity","display_name":"soil acidity","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alfisol","display_name":"Alfisol","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-ph","display_name":"soil pH","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhizobia-nodulation","display_name":"rhizobia nodulation","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cowpea-yield","display_name":"cowpea yield","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-chemical-properties","display_name":"soil chemical properties","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cation-exchange-capacity","display_name":"cation exchange capacity","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exchangeable-acidity","display_name":"exchangeable acidity","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pod-weight","display_name":"pod weight","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tropical-soils","display_name":"tropical soils","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liming-rate","display_name":"liming rate","score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-yield","display_name":"grain yield","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphorus","display_name":"phosphorus","score":0.984000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56085101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905495","display_name":"Biochar","level":3,"score":0.9382389783859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778218555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250423","display_name":"Lime","level":2,"score":0.9311313629150391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779862049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132634","display_name":"Vigna","level":2,"score":0.7013120651245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781410044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304506","display_name":"Alfisol","level":3,"score":0.6330472230911255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.58431077003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144938864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Randomized block design","level":2,"score":0.5805227160453796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198072978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q565649","display_name":"Soil pH","level":3,"score":0.5449376106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197484155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898477","display_name":"Cation-exchange capacity","level":3,"score":0.5316755175590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510538283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q674","display_name":"Phosphorus","level":2,"score":0.507834255695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.5003840923309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.47944560647010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C517785266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q703","display_name":"Potassium","level":2,"score":0.44148746132850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.43876194953918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.3206702768802643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.20037183165550232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07524386048316956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0630057156085968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36759035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848","display_name":"Pyrolysis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000070658","descriptor_name":"Vigna","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002606","descriptor_name":"Charcoal","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010087","descriptor_name":"Oxides","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017610","descriptor_name":"Calcium Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-024-52102-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52102-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52102-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-52102-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10791736","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10791736","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10791736/pdf/41598_2024_Article_52102.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:38228713","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38228713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5c62c4e3f0e04d7690f9a6a750461e0c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5c62c4e3f0e04d7690f9a6a750461e0c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-024-52102-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52102-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52102-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-52102-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.9208999872207642,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.5171999931335449,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.4390000104904175,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390909663.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390909663.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23337821","https://openalex.org/W1546551119","https://openalex.org/W1642724957","https://openalex.org/W2016451488","https://openalex.org/W2024443425","https://openalex.org/W2058146058","https://openalex.org/W2062737657","https://openalex.org/W2062882746","https://openalex.org/W2081396478","https://openalex.org/W2126768074","https://openalex.org/W2163425068","https://openalex.org/W2244262615","https://openalex.org/W2338627515","https://openalex.org/W2346352569","https://openalex.org/W2805254346","https://openalex.org/W2987307012","https://openalex.org/W3007895537","https://openalex.org/W3044883766","https://openalex.org/W3098719401","https://openalex.org/W3112435316","https://openalex.org/W3213417379","https://openalex.org/W4253819046","https://openalex.org/W4283662298","https://openalex.org/W4297888755","https://openalex.org/W4309531248","https://openalex.org/W4312053149"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6990768617","https://openalex.org/W7112936993","https://openalex.org/W4391275158","https://openalex.org/W4283662298","https://openalex.org/W7128500126","https://openalex.org/W3042632965","https://openalex.org/W7166469185","https://openalex.org/W2912518011","https://openalex.org/W3183910182","https://openalex.org/W3177247289"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"It":[1],"is":[2,182,375],"essential":[3],"to":[4,13,31,69,106,146,162,172,206,269,275,359],"increase":[5],"the":[6,33,40,137,147,163,199,317],"pH":[7,218,272],"of":[8,35,47,58,96,142,188,319,362,379],"tropical":[9],"soils":[10],"in":[11,27,76,84,103,108,136,223,260,304,308],"order":[12],"reduce":[14],"acidity":[15,157],"and":[16,19,29,37,45,63,90,98,127,140,150,153,219,227,235,241,263,306,342],"promote":[17],"soil":[18,109,271],"crop":[20],"productivity.":[21],"Therefore,":[22],"experiments":[23],"were":[24,82,232,257,312],"carried":[25],"out":[26],"2020":[28,240,305],"2021":[30,243],"assess":[32],"impacts":[34],"biochar":[36,65,151,353,374],"lime":[38,59,97,169,186,251,280,291,324,335,347,368],"on":[39,355],"chemical":[41,110],"properties,":[42],"growth,":[43,138],"nodulation,":[44,139],"yield":[46,141,166,181,196,301],"cowpea":[48,143,180,195,220,261,299,356],"(":[49],"Vigna":[50],"unguiculata":[51],").":[52],"The":[53,80,94,178,229],"study":[54],"involved":[55],"various":[56],"levels":[57,252],"(CaCO":[60],"3":[61],")":[62],"wood":[64],"(ranging":[66],"from":[67,203],"0":[68,204],"10":[70,207,287,293,349],"t":[71,190,208,277,283,288,294,321,327,332,338,344,350,365,371],"ha":[72,191,209,278,284,289,295,322,328,333,339,345,351,366,372],"\u22121":[73,192,210,279,285,290,296,323,329,334,340,346,352,367,373],"),":[74],"organized":[75],"a":[77,85,173,185,214],"factorial":[78],"combination.":[79],"treatments":[81],"arranged":[83],"randomized":[86],"complete":[87],"block":[88],"design":[89],"replicated":[91],"three":[92],"times.":[93],"application":[95],"biochar,":[99,255,286,297,330,341],"either":[100],"separately":[101],"or":[102],"combination,":[104],"led":[105],"improvements":[107],"properties":[111],"such":[112],"as":[113,132,134,198],"pH,":[114],"nitrogen":[115],"(N),":[116],"phosphorus":[117],"(P),":[118],"potassium":[119],"(K),":[120],"calcium":[121],"(Ca),":[122],"sodium":[123],"(Na),":[124],"magnesium":[125],"(Mg),":[126],"cation":[128],"exchange":[129],"capacity":[130],"(CEC),":[131],"well":[133],"enhancements":[135],"when":[144],"compared":[145],"control.":[148,164],"Lime":[149],"alone":[152],"combined":[154,253],"reduced":[155,298],"exchangeable":[156],"(Al":[158],"+":[159,281,292,325,336,348,369],"H)":[160],"relative":[161],"Cowpea":[165],"increased":[167,197,202],"with":[168,254],"rate":[170,187,201],"up":[171,205],"point,":[174],"but":[175],"then":[176],"decreases.":[177],"highest":[179],"achieved":[183],"at":[184,245],"2.5":[189,276,320,331,343,364],",":[193],"whereas":[194],"Biochar":[200],".":[211],"There":[212],"was":[213],"significant":[215,314],"correlation":[216],"between":[217,316],"pod":[221],"weight":[222],"both":[224],"years":[225,239],"(2020":[226],"2021).":[228],"R":[230],"values":[231],"\u2212":[233,236],"0.615":[234],"0.444":[237],"for":[238,377],"year":[242],"respectively":[244],"P":[246],"<":[247],"0.05.":[248],"At":[249],"higher":[250],"there":[256,311],"considerable":[258],"reductions":[259],"yield,":[262,357],"this":[264],"decrease":[265],"can":[266],"be":[267],"attributed":[268],"unfavorable":[270],"conditions.":[273],"Relative":[274],"5":[282,326,370],"grain":[300],"by":[302],"853%":[303],"845%":[307],"2021.":[309],"Since":[310],"no":[313],"differences":[315],"effects":[318],"7.5":[337],"applications":[354],"therefore":[358],"prevent":[360],"waste":[361],"Biochar,":[363],"recommended":[376],"production":[378],"cowpea.":[380]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2024-01-17T00:00:00"}