{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390875233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3443865/v2","title":"Application of Spatial Analysis for Electronic Health Records: Characterizing Patient Phenotypes and Emerging Trends","display_name":"Application of Spatial Analysis for Electronic Health Records: Characterizing Patient Phenotypes and Emerging Trends","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390875233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3443865/v2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3443865/v2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3443865/v2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3443865/v2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3443865/v2","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070857760","display_name":"Abolfazl Mollalo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5092-0698","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5092-0698"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abolfazl Mollalo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical University of South Carolina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of South Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076496912","display_name":"Bashir \u200eHamidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4559-299X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4559-299X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bashir Hamidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical University of South Carolina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of South Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040777053","display_name":"Leslie Andrew Lenert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9680-5094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9680-5094"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leslie Lenert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical University of South Carolina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of South Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014960492","display_name":"Alexander V. Alekseyenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5748-2085","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5748-2085"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander V. Alekseyenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical University of South Carolina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of South Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070857760"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.7896000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.7896000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.06260000169277191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14400","display_name":"Medical Coding and Health Information","score":0.039000000804662704,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-health-records","display_name":"electronic health records","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"spatial analysis","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-phenotype","display_name":"clinical phenotype","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geocoding","display_name":"geocoding","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatiotemporal-analysis","display_name":"spatio-temporal analysis","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clustering","display_name":"clustering","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-support","display_name":"clinical decision support","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma","display_name":"asthma","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-trends","display_name":"research trends","score":0.3889999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42629822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1346408","display_name":"Geocoding","level":2,"score":0.6449375748634338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5227975249290466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.4853614568710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.47770431637763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020646490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25203551","display_name":"Clinical phenotype","level":4,"score":0.4332996606826782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.4229614734649658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63527458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133829","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","level":3,"score":0.41898104548454285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.34249186515808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.29728782176971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26210951805114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.24978145956993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.2267560362815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.2148035168647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.1937340497970581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.1485111117362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3443865/v2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3443865/v2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3443865/v2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3443865/v2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3443865/v2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3443865/v2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7381131980","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA210962","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318168041","display_name":"South Carolina Cancer Disparities Research Center (SC CADRE)","funder_award_id":"U54CA210962","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000142392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA210962","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000919249","display_name":"SC Biomedical Informatics & Data Science for Health Impact (SC BIDS4Health)","funder_award_id":"T15LM013977","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309106","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309383","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W337670199","https://openalex.org/W1535106372","https://openalex.org/W1808652302","https://openalex.org/W1907951985","https://openalex.org/W1963735317","https://openalex.org/W1967137980","https://openalex.org/W2002151188","https://openalex.org/W2006248178","https://openalex.org/W2020394353","https://openalex.org/W2024780423","https://openalex.org/W2034871642","https://openalex.org/W2064337796","https://openalex.org/W2070381999","https://openalex.org/W2071148635","https://openalex.org/W2074538531","https://openalex.org/W2095885265","https://openalex.org/W2101484267","https://openalex.org/W2101515223","https://openalex.org/W2104827669","https://openalex.org/W2112630689","https://openalex.org/W2118898434","https://openalex.org/W2137706347","https://openalex.org/W2148412534","https://openalex.org/W2152953952","https://openalex.org/W2170565777","https://openalex.org/W2171778014","https://openalex.org/W2213487080","https://openalex.org/W2242827712","https://openalex.org/W2296563870","https://openalex.org/W2303360231","https://openalex.org/W2334658708","https://openalex.org/W2510773296","https://openalex.org/W2529131772","https://openalex.org/W2571280501","https://openalex.org/W2589022622","https://openalex.org/W2592775513","https://openalex.org/W2593448405","https://openalex.org/W2622356518","https://openalex.org/W2747705081","https://openalex.org/W2771716883","https://openalex.org/W2790389900","https://openalex.org/W2795821024","https://openalex.org/W2796168477","https://openalex.org/W2797950360","https://openalex.org/W2803634579","https://openalex.org/W2884240627","https://openalex.org/W2897556159","https://openalex.org/W2898941184","https://openalex.org/W2910670275","https://openalex.org/W2940920628","https://openalex.org/W2941927015","https://openalex.org/W2951635356","https://openalex.org/W2959537817","https://openalex.org/W2972465432","https://openalex.org/W2988433046","https://openalex.org/W2989002608","https://openalex.org/W2990846888","https://openalex.org/W2991020864","https://openalex.org/W3000817138","https://openalex.org/W3013704605","https://openalex.org/W3016229786","https://openalex.org/W3021702134","https://openalex.org/W3026941537","https://openalex.org/W3044372378","https://openalex.org/W3096534452","https://openalex.org/W3111582713","https://openalex.org/W3130848272","https://openalex.org/W3134172389","https://openalex.org/W3166408826","https://openalex.org/W3198433935","https://openalex.org/W3200374111","https://openalex.org/W3203337139","https://openalex.org/W3211220031","https://openalex.org/W3215551446","https://openalex.org/W3216276785","https://openalex.org/W3217317293","https://openalex.org/W4205399102","https://openalex.org/W4224314329","https://openalex.org/W4288057955","https://openalex.org/W4289929631","https://openalex.org/W4294204253","https://openalex.org/W4294920626","https://openalex.org/W4297989557","https://openalex.org/W4376609537","https://openalex.org/W4381715485","https://openalex.org/W4385752021","https://openalex.org/W6893887301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387666105","https://openalex.org/W4402443124","https://openalex.org/W3207961717","https://openalex.org/W2791252528","https://openalex.org/W173779473","https://openalex.org/W2990846888","https://openalex.org/W2523872106","https://openalex.org/W3017104472","https://openalex.org/W4381715485","https://openalex.org/W2803290558"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background:":[1],"Electronic":[2],"health":[3,68,111,191],"records":[4],"(EHR)":[5],"commonly":[6],"contain":[7],"patient":[8,56,77,200],"addresses":[9],"that":[10,65],"provide":[11],"valuable":[12],"data":[13,69,181,222],"for":[14,26,240,254],"geocoding":[15],"and":[16,39,92,138,140,164,172,187,197,205,223,232],"spatial":[17,50,63,125,218,233,245],"analysis,":[18],"enabling":[19],"more":[20],"comprehensive":[21],"descriptions":[22],"of":[23,33,90,162,180,220,244,251],"individual":[24,252],"patients":[25,253],"clinical":[27,36,166,228,256],"purposes.":[28],"Despite":[29],"the":[30,46,73,118,214,242,249],"widespread":[31],"use":[32],"EHR":[34,71],"in":[35,152,217,227],"decision":[37,257],"support":[38],"interventions,":[40],"no":[41],"systematic":[42],"review":[43,212,237],"has":[44],"examined":[45],"extent":[47],"to":[48,54,75,98,247],"which":[49],"analysis":[51,136,219,246],"is":[52],"used":[53],"characterize":[55,76],"phenotypes.":[57,78],"Objective:":[58],"This":[59,211],"study":[60,107],"reviews":[61],"advanced":[62],"analyses":[64],"employed":[66],"individual-level":[67],"from":[70,86,96],"within":[72],"US":[74],"Methods:":[79],"We":[80],"systematically":[81],"evaluated":[82],"English-language":[83],"peer-reviewed":[84],"articles":[85,116,122],"PubMed/MEDLINE,":[87],"Scopus,":[88],"Web":[89],"Science,":[91],"Google":[93],"Scholar":[94],"databases":[95],"inception":[97],"August":[99],"20,":[100],"2023,":[101],"without":[102],"imposing":[103],"constraints":[104],"on":[105,131],"time,":[106],"design,":[108],"or":[109],"specific":[110],"domains.":[112],"Results:":[113],"Only":[114],"49":[115],"met":[117],"eligibility":[119],"criteria.":[120],"These":[121],"utilized":[123],"diverse":[124],"methods,":[126],"with":[127],"a":[128,160,178],"predominant":[129],"focus":[130],"clustering":[132],"techniques,":[133],"while":[134],"spatiotemporal":[135],"(frequentist":[137],"Bayesian)":[139],"modeling":[141],"were":[142,194,207],"relatively":[143],"underexplored.":[144],"A":[145],"noteworthy":[146],"surge":[147],"(n":[148],"=":[149],"42,":[150],"85.7%)":[151],"publications":[153,158],"was":[154],"observed":[155],"post-2017.":[156],"The":[157,189],"investigated":[159,193],"variety":[161],"adult":[163],"pediatric":[165],"areas,":[167],"including":[168],"infectious":[169],"disease,":[170],"endocrinology,":[171],"cardiology,":[173],"using":[174],"phenotypes":[175,201],"defined":[176],"over":[177],"range":[179],"domains,":[182,231],"such":[183],"as":[184],"demographics,":[185],"diagnoses,":[186],"visits.":[188],"primary":[190],"outcomes":[192],"asthma,":[195],"hypertension,":[196],"diabetes.":[198],"Notably,":[199],"involving":[202],"genomics,":[203],"imaging,":[204],"notes":[206],"rarely":[208],"utilized.":[209],"Conclusions:":[210],"underscores":[213],"growing":[215],"interest":[216],"EHR-derived":[221],"highlights":[224],"knowledge":[225],"gaps":[226],"health,":[229],"phenotype":[230],"methodologies.":[234],"Additionally,":[235],"this":[236],"proposes":[238],"guidelines":[239],"harnessing":[241],"potential":[243],"enhance":[248],"context":[250],"future":[255],"support.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2024-01-16T00:00:00"}
