{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390872032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354034","title":"Securing IoMT: A Hybrid Model for DDoS Attack Detection and COVID-19 Classification","display_name":"Securing IoMT: A Hybrid Model for DDoS Attack Detection and COVID-19 Classification","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390872032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3354034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354034","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10399786.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10399786.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002146095","display_name":"G. Sripriyanka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4265-1138","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4265-1138"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Sripriyanka","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4265-1138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047657976","display_name":"Anand Mahendran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7629-9606","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7629-9606"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anand Mahendran","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"],"apc_list":{"value":1995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1995},"apc_paid":{"value":1995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1995},"fwci":5.8546,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97685019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"17328","last_page":"17348"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.4542999863624573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.4542999863624573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.24869999289512634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13038","display_name":"Internet of Things and AI","score":0.20059999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-medical-things","display_name":"Internet of Medical Things","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ddos-detection","display_name":"DDoS attack detection","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19-classification","display_name":"COVID-19 classification","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chest-x-ray-images","display_name":"chest X-ray images","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-data-encryption","display_name":"medical data encryption","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-wolf-optimizer","display_name":"grey wolf optimizer","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"particle swarm optimization","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-metaheuristic-algorithm","display_name":"hybrid metaheuristic","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"feature extraction","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resnet-50","display_name":"ResNet50","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-pneumonia","display_name":"viral pneumonia","score":0.7590000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7553778290748596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.6853508949279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.5260857343673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5188690423965454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.27853918075561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.20189449191093445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3354034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354034","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10399786.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:df191c071fb141adbca37c8ca23ccafb","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/df191c071fb141adbca37c8ca23ccafb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 17328-17348 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3354034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354034","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10399786.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322838","display_name":"VIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390872032.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390872032.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2996789024","https://openalex.org/W3041121917","https://openalex.org/W3087990969","https://openalex.org/W3116843489","https://openalex.org/W3118773375","https://openalex.org/W3119487130","https://openalex.org/W3129133637","https://openalex.org/W3131804642","https://openalex.org/W3153775024","https://openalex.org/W3158243668","https://openalex.org/W3171733056","https://openalex.org/W3174438629","https://openalex.org/W3179841826","https://openalex.org/W3183765587","https://openalex.org/W3196594607","https://openalex.org/W3200314112","https://openalex.org/W3202799525","https://openalex.org/W3206913875","https://openalex.org/W3207931557","https://openalex.org/W3211467008","https://openalex.org/W3213173707","https://openalex.org/W4205302645","https://openalex.org/W4205637830","https://openalex.org/W4207078076","https://openalex.org/W4210729620","https://openalex.org/W4211244664","https://openalex.org/W4213390837","https://openalex.org/W4214746462","https://openalex.org/W4220748182","https://openalex.org/W4224312886","https://openalex.org/W4224324059","https://openalex.org/W4225376211","https://openalex.org/W4226225348","https://openalex.org/W4281736156","https://openalex.org/W4283030397","https://openalex.org/W4283069984","https://openalex.org/W4285006276","https://openalex.org/W4285167041","https://openalex.org/W4285214552","https://openalex.org/W4285265279","https://openalex.org/W4286208748","https://openalex.org/W4290059110","https://openalex.org/W4290713028","https://openalex.org/W4292291386","https://openalex.org/W4295308370","https://openalex.org/W4306761173","https://openalex.org/W4306873950","https://openalex.org/W4309588882","https://openalex.org/W4309635195","https://openalex.org/W4310124870","https://openalex.org/W4310752554","https://openalex.org/W4321209244","https://openalex.org/W4377691173","https://openalex.org/W4381510813","https://openalex.org/W4382990482"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4406063759","https://openalex.org/W7163266566","https://openalex.org/W4415348718","https://openalex.org/W7213419546","https://openalex.org/W6980888406","https://openalex.org/W7212061739","https://openalex.org/W7164994454","https://openalex.org/W7126396120","https://openalex.org/W7166855473","https://openalex.org/W4407638382"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,25,228],"coronavirus":[1],"disease":[2],"2019":[3],"(COVID-19)":[4],"epidemic":[5],"had":[6],"a":[7,115,128],"momentous":[8],"influence":[9],"on":[10,80,150],"the":[11,28,40,72,81,89,159,163,172,189,199,206,232,260,265],"state":[12],"of":[13,27,30,42,77,111],"universal":[14],"health":[15],"and":[16,46,65,75,133,186,225,246],"how":[17],"people":[18],"live":[19],"their":[20],"lives":[21],"in":[22,93,236],"every":[23],"nation.":[24],"combination":[26],"Internet":[29],"Things":[31,44],"(IoT)":[32],"with":[33,176],"medical":[34,53,78,95,152],"systems":[35],"is":[36,169,191,213],"referred":[37],"to":[38,55,88,102,162,194,215,255,275],"as":[39,253,273],"\"Internet":[41],"Medical":[43],"(IoMT),\"":[45],"it":[47,49],"makes":[48],"possible":[50],"for":[51,137],"various":[52],"events":[54],"take":[56],"place,":[57],"including":[58,222],"real-time":[59,66],"medicine":[60],"prescriptions,":[61],"remote":[62],"patient":[63],"observing,":[64],"diagnosis,":[67],"amongst":[68],"other":[69,256],"things.":[70],"However,":[71,97],"security,":[73],"integrity,":[74],"concealment":[76],"data":[79,153],"IoMT":[82],"remain":[83],"an":[84],"endless":[85],"issue,":[86],"contributing":[87],"difficulties":[90],"that":[91,231,264],"arise":[92],"providing":[94],"services.":[96],"these":[98],"conventional":[99],"methods":[100],"failed":[101],"provide":[103],"robust":[104],"security":[105,117,161,257],"against":[106],"attacks":[107],"like":[108],"distributed":[109],"denial":[110],"service":[112],"(DDoS).":[113],"As":[114],"result,":[116],"IoMT-based":[118,130],"COVID-19":[119,131,200,270],"detection":[120,132,185,239,243,249],"applications":[121],"are":[122],"required.":[123],"Therefore,":[124],"this":[125],"article":[126],"proposes":[127],"novel":[129],"classification":[134,277],"network":[135],"(ICDC-Net)":[136],"smart":[138],"healthcare":[139],"applications.":[140],"Initially,":[141],"Optimal":[142],"Feistel":[143],"Block":[144],"Cipher":[145],"(OFBC)":[146],"encryption":[147],"was":[148],"performed":[149],"COVID-19-based":[151],"(chest":[154],"x-ray":[155],"images),":[156],"which":[157,181],"provides":[158],"highest":[160],"patient\u2019s":[164],"data.":[165],"Here,":[166],"OFBC":[167],"loss":[168],"optimized":[170],"by":[171],"Hybrid":[173],"Grey-Wolf":[174],"Optimizer":[175],"Particle":[177],"Swarm":[178],"Optimization":[179],"(HGWO-PSO),":[180],"performs":[182],"DDoS":[183],"attack":[184,238,242,248],"prevention.":[187],"Further,":[188,259],"HGWO-PSO":[190],"also":[192,262],"used":[193,214],"extract":[195],"disease-specific":[196],"features":[197],"from":[198,219],"chest":[201],"X-ray":[202],"(CXR)":[203],"images.":[204],"Finally,":[205],"Residual":[207],"Network50":[208],"(ResNet50)":[209],"deep":[210],"learning":[211],"model":[212],"classify":[216],"multiple":[217],"diseases":[218],"CXR":[220],"images,":[221],"normal,":[223],"COVID-19,":[224],"viral":[226],"pneumonia.":[227],"simulations":[229,261],"disclosed":[230,263],"proposed":[233,266],"ICDC-Net":[234,267],"resulted":[235],"improved":[237],"accuracy":[240],"(ADA),":[241],"time":[244],"(ADT),":[245],"reduced":[247],"error":[250],"rates":[251],"(ADER)":[252],"compared":[254],"standards.":[258],"developed":[268],"superior":[269],"categorization":[271],"performing":[272],"equated":[274],"existing":[276],"prototypes.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-01-16T00:00:00"}