{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390729147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020326","title":"IoT-Based Indoor Thermal Environment and Occupancy Monitoring for Energy Poverty Care","display_name":"IoT-Based Indoor Thermal Environment and Occupancy Monitoring for Energy Poverty Care","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390729147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020326"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en17020326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020326","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020326","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/2/326/pdf?version=1704794842","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/2/326/pdf?version=1704794842","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030262838","display_name":"Woo-Seung Yun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9212-8375","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9212-8375"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woo-Seung Yun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9212-8375","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101643348","display_name":"Wontaek Ryu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8316-2627","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8316-2627"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wontaek Ryu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067228304","display_name":"Hyuncheol Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3361-2316","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3361-2316"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hyuncheol Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3361-2316","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101416269","display_name":"Won\u2010Hwa Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8684-5295","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8684-5295"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Won-hwa Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403763","display_name":"Seung-Woo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6852-6274","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6852-6274"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung-Woo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067228304"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"fwci":0.9741,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70931257,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"326","last_page":"326"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9506999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9506999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11336","display_name":"Energy and Environment Impacts","score":0.014800000004470348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.012900000438094139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-poverty","display_name":"energy poverty","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-thermal-environment","display_name":"indoor thermal environment","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy-monitoring","display_name":"occupancy monitoring","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iot-monitoring-system","display_name":"IoT monitoring system","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-rate","display_name":"metabolic rate","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clothing-insulation","display_name":"clothing insulation","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-housing","display_name":"low-income housing","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-services","display_name":"welfare services","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-monitoring","display_name":"sensor-based monitoring","score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-comfort-indicators","display_name":"thermal comfort indicators","score":0.42399999499320984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.7386631965637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777416314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341244","display_name":"Energy poverty","level":4,"score":0.5875597596168518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5667024254798889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.5097188353538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.46332284808158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133913538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774514","display_name":"Thermal comfort","level":2,"score":0.43433475494384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779265402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188507","display_name":"Apartment","level":2,"score":0.426266074180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.4114110469818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37053897976875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.369697242975235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.36703455448150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3090858459472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1750059425830841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.16722851991653442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15903937816619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1428537368774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.13287389278411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.11287519335746765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26993612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910154","display_name":"Panacea (medicine)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/en17020326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020326","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020326","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/2/326/pdf?version=1704794842","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:2:p:326-:d:1315764","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/2/326/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:27814602087047599de7164c2aceac6f","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/27814602087047599de7164c2aceac6f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energies, Vol 17, Iss 2, p 326 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en17020326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020326","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020326","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/2/326/pdf?version=1704794842","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8928999900817871,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"},{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"score":0.5142999887466431,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"score":0.4074000120162964,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5479802655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20204010600060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335199","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6987416441","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1C1C1007127","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000370211","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20204010600060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335199","display_name":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/02zq38y32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390729147.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390729147.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967188314","https://openalex.org/W2008051999","https://openalex.org/W2040471878","https://openalex.org/W2587161860","https://openalex.org/W2605787621","https://openalex.org/W2626073776","https://openalex.org/W2729885960","https://openalex.org/W2785314730","https://openalex.org/W2787772071","https://openalex.org/W2884657991","https://openalex.org/W2963069170","https://openalex.org/W2968974320","https://openalex.org/W3048660708","https://openalex.org/W3088633446","https://openalex.org/W3092056397","https://openalex.org/W3102083822","https://openalex.org/W3113700751","https://openalex.org/W3120792505","https://openalex.org/W3169748510","https://openalex.org/W3183918103","https://openalex.org/W3192531007","https://openalex.org/W3198194732","https://openalex.org/W3201429176","https://openalex.org/W4205248935","https://openalex.org/W4233091090","https://openalex.org/W4309431115","https://openalex.org/W4315977391"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315977391","https://openalex.org/W7162111404","https://openalex.org/W4360852837","https://openalex.org/W4416705907","https://openalex.org/W4389223931","https://openalex.org/W4413873988","https://openalex.org/W2771693568","https://openalex.org/W4309431115","https://openalex.org/W7131241189","https://openalex.org/W7008138342"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Energy":[0],"poverty,":[1,34,78],"defined":[2],"as":[3,36],"difficulty":[4],"meeting":[5],"the":[6,58,62,65,69,123,159,166,178,181,185,218],"minimum":[7],"requirements":[8],"for":[9,105,184,197,211],"a":[10,15,51,79,146,198],"thermal":[11,108,199],"environment,":[12],"is":[13,224],"becoming":[14],"significant":[16],"social":[17],"issue.":[18],"To":[19],"provide":[20],"efficient":[21],"welfare":[22,72],"services,":[23],"information":[24],"provision":[25],"and":[26,43,46,74,100,102,107,127,143,152,163,193],"monitoring":[27,80,172,222],"are":[28,154],"required.":[29],"However,":[30],"characteristics":[31],"of":[32,53,61,64,125,168,180,187,214,220],"energy":[33,77,117,170,215],"such":[35],"inconsistent":[37],"residential":[38],"patterns,":[39],"small":[40],"living":[41,131],"spaces,":[42],"limited":[44],"electricity":[45],"telecommunication":[47],"resources,":[48],"lead":[49],"to":[50],"lack":[52],"information.":[54],"This":[55,87],"research":[56],"introduces":[57],"empirical":[59],"results":[60],"development":[63],"system.":[66],"Based":[67,157],"on":[68,145,158],"feedback":[70],"from":[71],"workers":[73],"experts":[75],"supporting":[76],"system":[81,88,173,206],"combining":[82],"various":[83],"sensors":[84],"was":[85,113,174,202],"prototyped.":[86],"measures":[89],"temperature,":[90,98,190],"humidity,":[91],"illuminance,":[92],"air":[93],"velocity,":[94],"CO2,":[95],"black":[96,188],"bulb":[97,189],"occupancy,":[99],"noise":[101],"generates":[103],"indicators":[104],"occupancy":[106],"environment":[109,200],"monitoring.":[110],"Applicability":[111],"assessment":[112],"conducted":[114],"across":[115],"55":[116],"poverty":[118,171,216],"households":[119],"in":[120,132],"Korea":[121],"during":[122],"duration":[124],"cooling":[126],"heating.":[128],"Subjects":[129],"were":[130],"spaces":[133],"averaging":[134],"6.3":[135],"sqm":[136],"within":[137],"buildings":[138],"over":[139],"43":[140],"years":[141],"old":[142],"renting":[144],"monthly":[147],"or":[148],"weekly":[149],"basis.":[150],"Electricity":[151],"communication":[153],"partially":[155],"supplied.":[156],"actual":[160],"measurement":[161],"data":[162],"field":[164],"surveys,":[165],"configuration":[167],"an":[169],"proposed.":[175],"In":[176],"particular,":[177],"applicability":[179],"simple":[182],"methodology":[183],"determination":[186],"metabolic":[191],"rate,":[192],"clothing":[194],"insulation":[195],"required":[196],"evaluation":[201],"assessed.":[203],"The":[204],"proposed":[205],"can":[207],"be":[208],"efficiently":[209],"used":[210],"taking":[212],"care":[213],"where":[217],"installation":[219],"conventional":[221],"systems":[223],"restricted.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2024-01-13T00:00:00"}