{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390728197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231222240","title":"The Making of #CovidTwitter: Who Were the Loudest \u201cCovid Influencers\u201d and What Did They Say About the COVID-19 Pandemic?","display_name":"The Making of #CovidTwitter: Who Were the Loudest \u201cCovid Influencers\u201d and What Did They Say About the COVID-19 Pandemic?","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390728197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231222240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/20563051231222240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231222240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231222240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764570952","display_name":"Social Media + Society","issn_l":"2056-3051","issn":["2056-3051"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Media + Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231222240","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027031445","display_name":"Sylvia Jaworska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7465-2245","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7465-2245"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sylvia Jaworska","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Reading, UK","Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading RG6 6UR, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7465-2245","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Reading, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading RG6 6UR, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016946277","display_name":"Michael K. Goodman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4861-029X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4861-029X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael K. Goodman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Reading, UK","Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading RG6 6UR, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Reading, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading RG6 6UR, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092012781","display_name":"Iwona Gibas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iwona Gibas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Reading, UK","Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading RG6 6UR, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Reading, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading RG6 6UR, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027031445"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1000},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1000},"fwci":3.3567,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90996696,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13979","display_name":"Communication and COVID-19 Impact","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13979","display_name":"Communication and COVID-19 Impact","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11121","display_name":"Public Relations and Crisis Communication","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/twitter","display_name":"Twitter","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/influencers","display_name":"influencers","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/celebrity","display_name":"celebrity","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-communication","display_name":"political communication","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-communication","display_name":"health communication","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"misinformation","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinformation","display_name":"disinformation","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elon-musk","display_name":"Elon Musk","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/donald-trump","display_name":"Donald Trump","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taylor-swift","display_name":"Taylor Swift","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harry-styles","display_name":"Harry Styles","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-organizations","display_name":"media companies","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercialization-of-social-media","display_name":"commercialization of social media","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crisis-communication","display_name":"crisis communication","score":0.7720000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26011011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6030243","display_name":"Influencer marketing","level":4,"score":0.9050083160400391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6654432415962219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5434026122093201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.4897182285785675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.4726903736591339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4283606708049774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.418300062417984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.40159523487091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.399120032787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.38282665610313416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3555174469947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3363308608531952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.19721895456314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.18394094705581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.17044499516487122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.16725370287895203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.10787627100944519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192975520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143466","display_name":"Marketing management","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54649085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574424","display_name":"Relationship marketing","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/20563051231222240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231222240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231222240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764570952","display_name":"Social Media + Society","issn_l":"2056-3051","issn":["2056-3051"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Media + Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:centaur.reading.ac.uk:114040","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/114040/1/SM_S_FINAL%20CLEAN%20VERSION.docx","pdf_url":"https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/114040/3/114040%20VoR.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402273","display_name":"CentAUR (University of Reading)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","host_organization_name":"University of Reading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8ac57297fbc0427e9319cd92c461ba78","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8ac57297fbc0427e9319cd92c461ba78","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Social Media + Society, Vol 10 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/20563051231222240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231222240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231222240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764570952","display_name":"Social Media + Society","issn_l":"2056-3051","issn":["2056-3051"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Media + Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320326","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59497618","https://openalex.org/W1967788064","https://openalex.org/W1980546780","https://openalex.org/W2001653897","https://openalex.org/W2053859625","https://openalex.org/W2165798258","https://openalex.org/W2269783663","https://openalex.org/W2328857202","https://openalex.org/W2465356236","https://openalex.org/W2611885487","https://openalex.org/W2627064001","https://openalex.org/W2907078027","https://openalex.org/W2925252095","https://openalex.org/W2943148126","https://openalex.org/W2952375801","https://openalex.org/W2970776330","https://openalex.org/W2980185253","https://openalex.org/W3016994297","https://openalex.org/W3017704341","https://openalex.org/W3024009241","https://openalex.org/W3024948347","https://openalex.org/W3027058836","https://openalex.org/W3055079984","https://openalex.org/W3085014588","https://openalex.org/W3087482290","https://openalex.org/W3088708704","https://openalex.org/W3091061761","https://openalex.org/W3094244614","https://openalex.org/W3094416702","https://openalex.org/W3127883237","https://openalex.org/W3147518465","https://openalex.org/W3189059733","https://openalex.org/W3207767114","https://openalex.org/W4281924878","https://openalex.org/W4321612869","https://openalex.org/W4391601223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3088708704","https://openalex.org/W4408721170","https://openalex.org/W6906636329","https://openalex.org/W4205797577","https://openalex.org/W3173342223","https://openalex.org/W3199889886","https://openalex.org/W3120968704","https://openalex.org/W6959096307","https://openalex.org/W3186649751","https://openalex.org/W7220633549"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,215],"explores":[2],"COVID-19":[3,41,55],"communications":[4,206],"disseminated":[5],"by":[6,43,128,225],"the":[7,16,54,74,114,117,121,124,178,214,231,244],"top":[8],"100":[9],"most":[10],"followed":[11],"Twitter":[12,17,131,179],"profiles\u2014what":[13],"we":[14,30,234],"call":[15],"influencing":[18],"elite.":[19],"Focusing":[20],"on":[21],"a":[22,32,167],"critical":[23],"period":[24],"from":[25,61],"January":[26],"to":[27,84,133,204],"July":[28],"2020,":[29],"conducted":[31],"quantitative":[33],"and":[34,80,89,97,100,120,144,156,172,184,190,197,218,228,250],"qualitative":[35,110],"analysis":[36,111],"of":[37,53,78,116,123,169,209,216],"6,602":[38],"tweets":[39,56],"about":[40],"produced":[42],"these":[44,67,129],"Covid":[45,232],"Influencers.":[46],"The":[47,223],"findings":[48,175],"reveal":[49],"that":[50,177,194],"approximately":[51],"two-thirds":[52],"in":[57,76,160],"our":[58,109],"sample":[59],"originated":[60],"established":[62],"global":[63],"media":[64],"organizations.":[65],"While":[66],"sources":[68],"were":[69,72,126],"prominent,":[70],"they":[71],"not":[73],"\u201cloudest\u201d":[75],"terms":[77],"engagement":[79],"virality.":[81],"That":[82],"belonged":[83],"powerful":[85],"politicians":[86],"like":[87,103,230],"Trump":[88],"Obama,":[90],"popular":[91],"singers":[92],"such":[93,152],"as":[94,153,182,186,211],"Harry":[95],"Styles":[96],"Taylor":[98],"Swift,":[99],"business":[101],"personalities":[102],"Elon":[104,154],"Musk.":[105],"What":[106],"is":[107,181,188],"more,":[108],"highlights":[112],"how":[113],"affordances":[115],"digital":[118,195,226],"space":[119,180],"context":[122],"pandemic":[125],"leveraged":[127],"influential":[130],"users":[132],"advance":[134],"their":[135],"own":[136],"agendas.":[137],"For":[138],"instance,":[139],"some":[140],"blended":[141],"health":[142,217],"information":[143,238],"caring":[145],"narratives":[146],"with":[147],"promotional":[148],"appeals,":[149],"while":[150],"others,":[151],"Musk":[155],"Donald":[157],"Trump,":[158],"engaged":[159],"political":[161,183],"agitation":[162],"and/or":[163],"anti-care":[164],"discourses":[165],"creating":[166],"staccato":[168],"conflicting":[170],"messaging":[171],"mis/dis-information.":[173],"These":[174],"demonstrate":[176],"politicized":[185],"it":[187],"commercial":[189],"commercialized.":[191],"We":[192],"conclude":[193],"influencers":[196,227],"celebrities":[198],"cannot":[199],"just":[200],"simply":[201],"be":[202,240],"used":[203],"produce":[205],"during":[207],"times":[208],"crisis":[210],"many":[212],"across":[213],"medical":[219],"communication":[220],"have":[221],"argued.":[222],"involvement":[224],"celebrities\u2014much":[229],"Influencers":[233],"examined":[235],"here\u2014in":[236],"spreading":[237],"must":[239],"critically":[241],"scrutinized,":[242],"considering":[243],"potential":[245],"for":[246],"mixed":[247],"motives,":[248],"agendas,":[249],"real-world":[251],"outcomes.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2024-01-13T00:00:00"}
