{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390650593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.51791","title":"Effect of Mobile Apps on Medication Adherence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Recent Studies","display_name":"Effect of Mobile Apps on Medication Adherence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Recent Studies","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390650593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.51791","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38192533","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10772302"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.51791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.51791","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.51791","pdf_url":"https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/review_article/pdf/216183/20240107-31599-1tsv23z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/review_article/pdf/216183/20240107-31599-1tsv23z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111107748","display_name":"Abdullah M Hakami","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112034","display_name":"King Fahd Military Medical Complex","ror":"https://ror.org/01c524129","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112034"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76571253","display_name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/038cy8j79","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah M Hakami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Family Medicine, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dammam, SAU",". Family Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, Dammam, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Family Medicine, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dammam, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Family Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, Dammam, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067996250","display_name":"Bader O. Almutairi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4697-5204","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4697-5204"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112034","display_name":"King Fahd Military Medical Complex","ror":"https://ror.org/01c524129","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112034"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76571253","display_name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/038cy8j79","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bader Almutairi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Family Medicine, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dammam, SAU",". Family Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, Dammam, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Family Medicine, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dammam, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Family Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, Dammam, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036546771","display_name":"Ahmad S. Alanazi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112034","display_name":"King Fahd Military Medical Complex","ror":"https://ror.org/01c524129","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112034"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76571253","display_name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/038cy8j79","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad S Alanazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Family Medicine, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dammam, SAU",". Family Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, Dammam, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Family Medicine, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dammam, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Family Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, Dammam, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohammed A Alzahrani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112034","display_name":"King Fahd Military Medical Complex","ror":"https://ror.org/01c524129","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112034"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76571253","display_name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/038cy8j79","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed A Alzahrani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Family Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, Dammam, SAU",". Family Medicine, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dammam, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Family Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, Dammam, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Family Medicine, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dammam, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112034"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111107748"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112034","https://openalex.org/I76571253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5348,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8179938,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"e51791","last_page":"e51791"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.8978999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.8978999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11620","display_name":"Medication Adherence and Compliance","score":0.09449999779462814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10793","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Education","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-application","display_name":"mobile application","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-adherence","display_name":"medication adherence","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-control","display_name":"glycemic control","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hba1c","display_name":"HbA1c","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-health-interventions","display_name":"digital health interventions","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-self-management","display_name":"diabetes self-management","score":0.6949999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9043659567832947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780473172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572518","display_name":"Glycemic","level":3,"score":0.7786986827850342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.7404794692993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777538456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311213","display_name":"Glycated hemoglobin","level":4,"score":0.6803584694862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.6706569194793701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776478404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105187","display_name":"Cochrane Library","level":3,"score":0.5731684565544128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777421447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Mobile phone","level":2,"score":0.4893795847892761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.46179816126823425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.45593494176864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.4365563690662384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018553135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q67004728","display_name":"Medication adherence","level":2,"score":0.4211542308330536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.3359631299972534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.33087730407714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2963658273220062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.11487099528312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0678824782371521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.51791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.51791","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.51791","pdf_url":"https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/review_article/pdf/216183/20240107-31599-1tsv23z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10772302","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10772302","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10772302/pdf/cureus-0016-00000051791.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:38192533","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38192533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.51791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.51791","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.51791","pdf_url":"https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/review_article/pdf/216183/20240107-31599-1tsv23z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390650593.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390650593.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052810066","https://openalex.org/W2055045236","https://openalex.org/W2140415161","https://openalex.org/W2595307528","https://openalex.org/W2746562707","https://openalex.org/W2960906136","https://openalex.org/W2972747751","https://openalex.org/W2972869264","https://openalex.org/W2996314639","https://openalex.org/W3003081363","https://openalex.org/W3028222708","https://openalex.org/W3033947027","https://openalex.org/W3038986362","https://openalex.org/W3086744783","https://openalex.org/W3092065440","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3130244583","https://openalex.org/W3144543375","https://openalex.org/W3159078634","https://openalex.org/W3185602332","https://openalex.org/W4220823027","https://openalex.org/W4282823347","https://openalex.org/W4361975488","https://openalex.org/W4378781375"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4413081112","https://openalex.org/W4378781375","https://openalex.org/W3216652581","https://openalex.org/W7085152894","https://openalex.org/W4414141315","https://openalex.org/W7213394439","https://openalex.org/W3153943804","https://openalex.org/W7203976279","https://openalex.org/W6918201068","https://openalex.org/W7151682769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Medication":[0],"adherence":[1,29,51,98,162,213],"is":[2,222],"a":[3,24],"critical":[4],"aspect":[5],"of":[6,44,92,206,229],"managing":[7],"type":[8],"2":[9],"diabetes":[10],"mellitus":[11],"(T2DM)":[12],"and":[13,30,52,67,76,88,214],"achieving":[14],"optimal":[15],"clinical":[16],"outcomes.":[17],"Mobile":[18],"app-based":[19,208],"interventions":[20,47,157,209],"have":[21,202],"emerged":[22],"as":[23,112],"promising":[25],"tool":[26],"to":[27,40,183,199,210,224],"enhance":[28,211],"glycemic":[31,216],"control":[32,193,217],"in":[33,48,63,86,95,144,163,189,218],"T2DM":[34,56],"patients.":[35,57],"This":[36],"systematic":[37],"review":[38],"aims":[39],"evaluate":[41],"the":[42,90,145,150,168,171,176,186,192,204,226],"effectiveness":[43,91],"mobile":[45,93,207],"app":[46,156],"improving":[49],"medication":[50,97,161,212],"glycated":[53],"hemoglobin":[54],"among":[55,99],"A":[58],"comprehensive":[59],"search":[60],"was":[61,179,195],"conducted":[62],"PubMed,":[64],"Cochrane":[65],"Library,":[66],"Google":[68],"Scholar":[69],"for":[70,175,191],"studies":[71,134,152],"published":[72,85],"between":[73],"September":[74,77],"2018":[75],"2023.":[78],"Studies":[79,103,201],"were":[80,84,104,142],"included":[81,108,143,151,169],"if":[82,106,122],"they":[83,107,123],"English":[87],"investigated":[89],"apps":[94],"enhancing":[96],"patients":[100,164],"with":[101,127,165],"T2DM.":[102,132,166],"excluded":[105],"additional":[109],"interventions,":[110],"such":[111],"electronic":[113],"pillboxes,":[114],"phone":[115],"calls,":[116],"or":[117,121],"SMS":[118],"text":[119],"messages,":[120],"focused":[124],"on":[125],"populations":[126],"chronic":[128],"illnesses":[129],"other":[130],"than":[131],"Five":[133],"involving":[135],"527":[136],"participants":[137],"from":[138,149],"diverse":[139],"geographic":[140],"locations":[141],"review.":[146],"The":[147],"findings":[148],"show":[153],"that":[154],"mobile-based":[155],"can":[158],"significantly":[159],"improve":[160,215],"From":[167],"studies,":[170],"mean":[172,187],"HbA1c":[173,190],"change":[174,188],"intervention":[177],"group":[178,194],"-0.664":[180],"(95%CI":[181,197],"-0.823":[182],"-0.506),":[184],"while":[185],"-0.103":[196],"-0.305":[198],"0.099).":[200],"demonstrated":[203],"potential":[205],"T2DM;":[219],"further":[220],"research":[221],"needed":[223],"determine":[225],"long-term":[227],"effects":[228],"these":[230],"interventions.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2024-01-13T00:00:00"}