{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390588924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61173/ggw4ga77","title":"The causes of bank customer churn based on XGBoost and LightGBMmodels: the evidence from the Kaggle dataset","display_name":"The causes of bank customer churn based on XGBoost and LightGBMmodels: the evidence from the Kaggle dataset","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390588924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61173/ggw4ga77"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.61173/ggw4ga77","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61173/ggw4ga77","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.61173/ggw4ga77","pdf_url":"https://www.deanfrancispress.com/index.php/fe/article/download/273/FE000522.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387291883","display_name":"Finance & Economics","issn_l":"2959-6130","issn":["2959-6130","2960-1312"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Finance &amp; Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.deanfrancispress.com/index.php/fe/article/download/273/FE000522.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113088768","display_name":"Jiayi Cai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113088768"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4851,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84343331,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"4","first_page":"522","last_page":"522"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12384","display_name":"Customer churn and segmentation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12384","display_name":"Customer churn and segmentation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10154","display_name":"Customer Service Quality and Loyalty","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11653","display_name":"Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customer-churn-prediction","display_name":"customer churn prediction","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xgboost","display_name":"XGBoost","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightgbm","display_name":"LightGBM","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-boosted-decision-trees","display_name":"gradient boosting decision tree","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shap","display_name":"SHAP","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"feature selection","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest-feature-importance","display_name":"random forest feature importance","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"principal component analysis","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter-optimization","display_name":"hyperparameter optimization","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customer-retention","display_name":"customer retention","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-banking","display_name":"digital banking","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fintech-competition","display_name":"fintech competition","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customer-loyalty","display_name":"customer loyalty","score":0.6759999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.7511090636253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7290470004081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.6344982385635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5864890813827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5373917818069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5215420722961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.4798935651779175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146897074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932925","display_name":"Loyalty business model","level":4,"score":0.47940894961357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4648842513561249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4570501148700714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10551718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332","display_name":"Data pre-processing","level":2,"score":0.4508596658706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4448784589767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.41084861755371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41053909063339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.410089373588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.20615294575691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.17858541011810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09950625896453857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140781008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221081","display_name":"Service quality","level":3,"score":0.0942879319190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.61173/ggw4ga77","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61173/ggw4ga77","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.61173/ggw4ga77","pdf_url":"https://www.deanfrancispress.com/index.php/fe/article/download/273/FE000522.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387291883","display_name":"Finance & Economics","issn_l":"2959-6130","issn":["2959-6130","2960-1312"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Finance &amp; Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.61173/ggw4ga77","doi":"https://doi.org/10.61173/ggw4ga77","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.61173/ggw4ga77","pdf_url":"https://www.deanfrancispress.com/index.php/fe/article/download/273/FE000522.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387291883","display_name":"Finance & Economics","issn_l":"2959-6130","issn":["2959-6130","2960-1312"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Finance &amp; Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390588924.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390588924.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989765043","https://openalex.org/W2058971980","https://openalex.org/W2490420619","https://openalex.org/W2551429935","https://openalex.org/W2768008926","https://openalex.org/W2799508418","https://openalex.org/W2886857295","https://openalex.org/W2895390821","https://openalex.org/W2961333734","https://openalex.org/W2972573332","https://openalex.org/W2977750641","https://openalex.org/W2982869314","https://openalex.org/W2999814961","https://openalex.org/W3019265103","https://openalex.org/W3133868260","https://openalex.org/W3137488793","https://openalex.org/W3155396182","https://openalex.org/W3161253974","https://openalex.org/W3205405839","https://openalex.org/W3207492709","https://openalex.org/W4207035874","https://openalex.org/W4214736071","https://openalex.org/W4220704221","https://openalex.org/W4220968399","https://openalex.org/W4226191865","https://openalex.org/W4281392742","https://openalex.org/W4283825837","https://openalex.org/W4289518830","https://openalex.org/W4292416272","https://openalex.org/W4293060239","https://openalex.org/W4295862913","https://openalex.org/W4296745516","https://openalex.org/W4298003997","https://openalex.org/W4310500583","https://openalex.org/W4312838106","https://openalex.org/W4366984799","https://openalex.org/W4378378090","https://openalex.org/W4382136381","https://openalex.org/W4384831014","https://openalex.org/W4385490755"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402687999","https://openalex.org/W4389475256","https://openalex.org/W4410036965","https://openalex.org/W7160312527","https://openalex.org/W4400604331","https://openalex.org/W7117108972","https://openalex.org/W4388297762","https://openalex.org/W4402334086","https://openalex.org/W4352981671","https://openalex.org/W3125592770"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,7,16,37,58,97,131,140,156,162,164,189,196,209,215,218,236,243],"digital":[2,28],"economy":[3],"continues":[4],"to":[5,95,100,195,204,231],"grow,":[6],"expansion":[8],"of":[9,40,60,87,199,201,211,217],"Internet":[10],"finance":[11],"introduces":[12],"new":[13],"challenges":[14],"for":[15,50],"conventional":[17],"banking":[18],"industry.":[19],"Banks":[20],"must":[21],"deal":[22],"with":[23],"multiple":[24,45,106],"pressures,":[25],"such":[26,108],"as":[27,109],"transformation,":[29],"declining":[30],"customer":[31,42,76,103,186,202,254],"loyalty,":[32],"and":[33,47,69,78,91,137,144,148,150,154,176,184,266],"fintech":[34],"competition.":[35],"Analyzing":[36],"potential":[38,65],"factors":[39,98,256],"bank":[41,55,102],"churn":[43,52,66,104,126,203,255,263],"from":[44,105],"perspectives":[46],"constructing":[48,259],"models":[49,128],"predicting":[51,185],"can":[53,193,227],"help":[54],"managers":[56],"understand":[57],"causes":[59],"churn,":[61],"identify":[62],"problems,":[63],"detect":[64],"customers":[67],"promptly,":[68],"develop":[70],"efficient":[71],"retention":[72],"strategies":[73],"based":[74,129,241],"on":[75,130,214,242],"characteristics":[77],"preferences.":[79],"In":[80],"this":[81],"paper,":[82,163],"we":[83],"used":[84,99],"a":[85,205,232,260,268],"combination":[86],"visualization,":[88,120],"data":[89],"mining,":[90],"machine":[92],"learning":[93],"methods":[94],"analyze":[96],"predict":[101],"perspectives,":[107],"feature":[110,117,146,212],"selection":[111,147,213],"(Random":[112],"Forest":[113],"Feature":[114],"Importance":[115],"Ranking),":[116],"extraction":[118],"(PCA),":[119],"etc.":[121],"We":[122],"also":[123],"constructed":[124],"two":[125],"prediction":[127,264],"gradient":[132],"boosting":[133],"tree":[134],"algorithms,":[135],"XGBoost":[136],"LightGBM,":[138],"compared":[139],"evaluation":[141],"measures":[142],"before":[143,149],"after":[145,151],"tuning":[152,224],"parameters,":[153],"interpreted":[155],"model":[157,229],"through":[158],"SHAP":[159,190],"methods.":[160],"After":[161],"following":[165],"conclusions":[166,248],"were":[167],"drawn:":[168],"(1)":[169],"Total":[170,173,177],"Trans":[171,174],"Amt,":[172],"Ct,":[175],"Revolving":[178],"Bal":[179],"are":[180],"pivotal":[181],"in":[182,252],"analyzing":[183],"churn;":[187],"(2)":[188],"Summary":[191],"Plot":[192],"react":[194],"visual":[197],"analysis":[198],"predictors":[200],"certain":[206,233],"extent;":[207],"(3)":[208],"effect":[210],"assessment":[216],"results":[219],"is":[220],"sometimes":[221],"insignificant;":[222],"(4)":[223],"parameter":[225],"settings":[226],"enhance":[228],"performance":[230,262],"extent,":[234],"but":[235],"optimal":[237],"parameters":[238],"may":[239],"vary":[240],"preprocessing":[244],"method":[245],"employed.":[246],"These":[247],"will":[249],"assist":[250],"banks":[251],"comprehending":[253],"more":[257],"deeply,":[258],"higher":[261],"model,":[265],"conducting":[267],"comprehensive":[269],"result":[270],"synthesis":[271],"analysis.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2024-01-05T00:00:00"}
