{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390176969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v13.i1.pp925-932","title":"Extracting features of tomato viral leaf diseases using image processing techniques","display_name":"Extracting features of tomato viral leaf diseases using image processing techniques","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390176969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v13.i1.pp925-932"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.11591/ijai.v13.i1.pp925-932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v13.i1.pp925-932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v13.i1.pp925-932","pdf_url":"https://ijai.iaescore.com/index.php/IJAI/article/download/24035/13895","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764408626","display_name":"IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2089-4872","issn":["2089-4872","2252-8938"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315009","host_organization_name":"Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315009"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ijai.iaescore.com/index.php/IJAI/article/download/24035/13895","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049644378","display_name":"Sanjeela Sagar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0131-8523","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0131-8523"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405276725","display_name":"Vidyalankar School of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0029s4b58","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405276725"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjeela Sagar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vidyalankar School of Information Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0131-8523","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vidyalankar School of Information Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405276725"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101589675","display_name":"Jaswinder Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9996-1025","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9996-1025"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15896350","display_name":"Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02zpxgh81","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15896350"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaswinder Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9996-1025","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15896350"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"925","last_page":"925"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10494","display_name":"Plant Virus Research Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"feature extraction","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"image processing","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-disease-detection","display_name":"plant disease detection","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture-features","display_name":"texture features","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-features","display_name":"color features","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"convolutional neural networks","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-disease-prevention","display_name":"crop disease prevention","score":0.5440000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5574554800987244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5337387323379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4756890535354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202050865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35852","display_name":"Hectare","level":3,"score":0.47027260065078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46891817450523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.46837860345840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114350782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12638","display_name":"Gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.45230865478515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.44102802872657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.42994797229766846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3538931906223297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26296788454055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.24756652116775513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10175490379333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.11591/ijai.v13.i1.pp925-932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v13.i1.pp925-932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v13.i1.pp925-932","pdf_url":"https://ijai.iaescore.com/index.php/IJAI/article/download/24035/13895","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764408626","display_name":"IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2089-4872","issn":["2089-4872","2252-8938"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315009","host_organization_name":"Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315009"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.11591/ijai.v13.i1.pp925-932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v13.i1.pp925-932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v13.i1.pp925-932","pdf_url":"https://ijai.iaescore.com/index.php/IJAI/article/download/24035/13895","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764408626","display_name":"IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2089-4872","issn":["2089-4872","2252-8938"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315009","host_organization_name":"Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315009"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.991100013256073,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390176969.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390176969.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1959279583","https://openalex.org/W2263207426","https://openalex.org/W2557371538","https://openalex.org/W2609151886","https://openalex.org/W2737457591","https://openalex.org/W2907501228","https://openalex.org/W2952913777","https://openalex.org/W2985886590","https://openalex.org/W2995726119","https://openalex.org/W2997663236","https://openalex.org/W3036669725","https://openalex.org/W3042152066","https://openalex.org/W3042616902","https://openalex.org/W3088352450","https://openalex.org/W3110398656","https://openalex.org/W3129759116","https://openalex.org/W3173170759","https://openalex.org/W3190049841","https://openalex.org/W3193842968","https://openalex.org/W3195569425","https://openalex.org/W3204243169","https://openalex.org/W4225299895","https://openalex.org/W4281668948","https://openalex.org/W4281795648","https://openalex.org/W4293764935","https://openalex.org/W4295096218","https://openalex.org/W4307950591","https://openalex.org/W4308478710","https://openalex.org/W4309582104","https://openalex.org/W4311225476","https://openalex.org/W4381888773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7219998448","https://openalex.org/W2737457591","https://openalex.org/W4385609579","https://openalex.org/W4313444249","https://openalex.org/W4404278402","https://openalex.org/W4394713013","https://openalex.org/W4385451549","https://openalex.org/W3010566924","https://openalex.org/W3000949152","https://openalex.org/W3117368030"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Agriculture":[0],"is":[1,36,94,152,167],"the":[2,31,47,51,110,125,133,157,164],"main":[3],"livelihood":[4],"of":[5,10,22,34,61,76,113,124,135],"Indians.":[6],"More":[7],"than":[8,59],"50%":[9],"Indian":[11,23],"population":[12],"Is":[13],"dependent":[14],"on":[15],"it":[16,18,166],"and":[17,86,176,178],"contributes":[19],"about":[20],"18%":[21],"gross":[24],"domestic":[25],"product":[26],"(GDP).":[27],"According":[28],"to":[29,38,40,66,79,97,102,131,155,188],"Inc42,":[30],"agricultural":[32],"sector":[33],"India":[35,70],"predicted":[37],"increase":[39,48],"US$":[41],"24":[42],"billion":[43],"by":[44],"2025.":[45],"With":[46],"in":[49,147,193],"population,":[50],"demand":[52,104],"for":[53],"food":[54],"also":[55],"increases,":[56],"but":[57,138],"more":[58,190],"30%":[60],"crops":[62,99],"get":[63],"affected":[64],"due":[65],"crop":[67,77],"diseases.":[68],"Overall,":[69],"lost":[71],"approximately":[72],"five":[73],"million":[74],"hectares":[75],"area":[78],"flash":[80],"floods,":[81,84],"cyclonic":[82],"storms,":[83],"cloudbursts,":[85],"landslides":[87],"till":[88],"2021.":[89],"In":[90],"that":[91,169],"case,":[92],"there":[93,151],"a":[95,153],"need":[96,154],"prevent":[98],"from":[100],"diseases":[101,117,171],"fulfil":[103],"supply":[105],"ratio.":[106],"This":[107],"paper":[108],"presents":[109],"feature":[111],"extraction":[112],"tomato":[114],"viral":[115],"leaf":[116],"using":[118,159],"various":[119],"image":[120,160],"processing":[121,161],"techniques.":[122],"Most":[123],"research":[126],"uses":[127],"Convolutional":[128],"Neural":[129],"networks":[130,141,187],"extract":[132,156],"features":[134,158,180],"these":[136,139,170,179],"diseases,":[137],"neural":[140,186],"are":[142],"not":[143],"performing":[144],"much":[145],"accurately":[146],"real":[148,194],"scenarios,":[149],"so":[150],"methods.":[162],"During":[163],"study,":[165],"found":[168],"have":[172],"different":[173],"colours,":[174],"shapes":[175],"textures":[177],"can":[181],"be":[182],"used":[183],"with":[184],"convolution":[185],"bring":[189],"accurate":[191],"results":[192],"scenarios.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T17:25:34.749102","created_date":"2023-12-25T00:00:00"}