{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390176529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15010017","title":"Hindcast Insights from Storm Surge Forecasting of Super Typhoon Saola (2309) in Hong Kong with the Sea, Lake and Overland Surges from Hurricanes Model","display_name":"Hindcast Insights from Storm Surge Forecasting of Super Typhoon Saola (2309) in Hong Kong with the Sea, Lake and Overland Surges from Hurricanes Model","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390176529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15010017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/atmos15010017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15010017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15010017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/1/17/pdf?version=1703259859","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S946213959","display_name":"Atmosphere","issn_l":"2073-4433","issn":["2073-4433"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Atmosphere","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/1/17/pdf?version=1703259859","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005327125","display_name":"Dick\u2010Shum Dickson Lau","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104672","display_name":"Hong Kong Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/01bvxvq19","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dick-Shum Lau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014315054","display_name":"Wai-Soen Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2023-9852","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2023-9852"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104672","display_name":"Hong Kong Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/01bvxvq19","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wai-Soen Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2023-9852","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085886198","display_name":"Yat\u2010Chun Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5016-6231","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5016-6231"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104672","display_name":"Hong Kong Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/01bvxvq19","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yat-Chun Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073791627","display_name":"Ching\u2010Chi Lam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9373-895X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9373-895X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104672","display_name":"Hong Kong Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/01bvxvq19","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ching-Chi Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9373-895X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025993083","display_name":"Pak Wai Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2289-0609","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2289-0609"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104672","display_name":"Hong Kong Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/01bvxvq19","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pak-Wai Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2289-0609","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073791627"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104672"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2224},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2224},"fwci":1.0556,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69728624,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"17","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/storm-surge-forecasting","display_name":"storm surge forecasting","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slosh-model","display_name":"SLOSH model","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prime-numbers","display_name":"prime numbers","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nowcasting","display_name":"nowcasting","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-of-closest-approach","display_name":"distance of closest approach","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/storm-size","display_name":"storm size","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hong-kong","display_name":"Hong Kong","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/storm-tides","display_name":"storm tides","score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"ensemble learning","score":0.44699999690055847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83002819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798528","display_name":"Hindcast","level":2,"score":0.9281512498855591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22818535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121742","display_name":"Storm surge","level":3,"score":0.8703896999359131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181654704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140588","display_name":"Typhoon","level":2,"score":0.7601622343063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.6348455548286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781013037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1433331","display_name":"Nowcasting","level":2,"score":0.6068572998046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136856113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686697","display_name":"Tide gauge","level":3,"score":0.5982846617698669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105306849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81054","display_name":"Storm","level":2,"score":0.5870204567909241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5443087220191956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5418681502342224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29141058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8092","display_name":"Tropical cyclone","level":2,"score":0.4517121911048889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102561126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164865","display_name":"Tropical cyclone forecast model","level":3,"score":0.44805219769477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74501621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125465","display_name":"Sea level","level":2,"score":0.25114965438842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.24099817872047424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1823175549507141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.12907463312149048}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/atmos15010017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15010017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15010017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/1/17/pdf?version=1703259859","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S946213959","display_name":"Atmosphere","issn_l":"2073-4433","issn":["2073-4433"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Atmosphere","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:94d127cec0704c019b3ca417fdbae19f","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/94d127cec0704c019b3ca417fdbae19f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Atmosphere, Vol 15, Iss 1, p 17 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/atmos15010017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15010017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15010017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/1/17/pdf?version=1703259859","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S946213959","display_name":"Atmosphere","issn_l":"2073-4433","issn":["2073-4433"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Atmosphere","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390176529.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390176529.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090531912","https://openalex.org/W2790521266","https://openalex.org/W2941666379","https://openalex.org/W3036574512","https://openalex.org/W3039648257","https://openalex.org/W3098721375","https://openalex.org/W3188159473","https://openalex.org/W4304614167","https://openalex.org/W4396576870","https://openalex.org/W4396623445"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399707973","https://openalex.org/W4387020440","https://openalex.org/W4396576870","https://openalex.org/W4396623445","https://openalex.org/W2013462453","https://openalex.org/W2885349894","https://openalex.org/W7223278506","https://openalex.org/W4387821231","https://openalex.org/W4388205139","https://openalex.org/W2090531912"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Super":[0],"Typhoon":[1],"Saola":[2,34,123,224],"(2309)":[3],"skirted":[4],"past":[5],"south-southeast":[6],"of":[7,16,33,39,46,52,67,101,131,153,174,186,195,223,232,252,285,305,317],"Hong":[8,27,47,95,148],"Kong":[9,96],"within":[10,43],"40":[11],"km":[12,45],"on":[13,299],"the":[14,30,53,75,87,94,102,171,179,184,193,207,213,220,250,283,300,313],"night":[15],"1":[17],"September":[18],"2023,":[19],"posing":[20],"a":[21,36,49,64,125,132,199,239,268,286],"significant":[22],"storm":[23,68,89,139,154,175,180,228,243,253,277,310,324],"surge":[24,69,90,176,244,325],"threat":[25],"to":[26,147,178,255],"Kong.":[28,149],"Given":[29],"close":[31,50,146],"proximity":[32],"with":[35,136,198],"peak":[37],"intensity":[38,142,308],"about":[40],"210":[41],"km/h":[42],"300":[44],"Kong,":[48],"call":[51],"\u201csuper":[54],"typhoon":[55],"direct-hit\u201d":[56],"scenario,":[57],"this":[58,121,330],"case":[59,127,194],"provides":[60],"valuable":[61],"insights":[62],"from":[63,81],"hindcast":[65,208],"review":[66,209],"forecasts":[70,177],"and":[71,78,113,141,159,166,183,230,237,258,309,312],"warning":[72,288],"operation":[73,326],"using":[74,110,156,238],"Sea,":[76],"Lake":[77],"Overland":[79],"Surges":[80],"Hurricanes":[82],"(SLOSH)":[83],"model,":[84],"which":[85],"is":[86],"operational":[88,129,264],"model":[91,114,204,214,245],"adopted":[92],"by":[93],"Observatory":[97],"(HKO).":[98],"The":[99],"performance":[100],"HKO\u2019s":[103],"PRobabilistic":[104],"Inundation":[105],"Map":[106],"Evaluation":[107],"System":[108],"(PRIMES)":[109],"both":[111],"statistical":[112],"ensemble":[115],"approaches":[116],"was":[117,124,189,327],"also":[118,281],"reviewed":[119],"in":[120,138,192,263,294,329],"paper.":[122,331],"challenging":[126],"for":[128,249,323],"forecasting":[130],"compact":[133,257],"TC":[134,202,260,265,306],"structure":[135,155],"changes":[137],"size":[140,181,229,311],"when":[143,290],"it":[144,247],"came":[145],"With":[150],"major":[151],"observations":[152],"weather":[157,162],"radar":[158],"dense":[160],"automatic":[161],"station,":[163],"tide":[164,278],"gauge":[165,169],"water":[167],"level":[168],"networks,":[170],"high":[172],"sensitivity":[173],"parameter":[182],"distance":[185,231],"closest":[187,221,233],"approach":[188,222,234,270],"clearly":[190],"revealed":[191],"Saola.":[196],"Even":[197],"circularly":[200],"symmetric":[201],"parametric":[203],"like":[205],"SLOSH,":[206],"results":[210],"illustrated":[211],"that":[212],"outputs":[215],"were":[216,235],"reasonably":[217],"accurate":[218,227,315],"during":[219],"given":[225],"an":[226],"input,":[236],"highly":[240],"computationally":[241],"efficient":[242],"made":[246],"possible":[248],"nowcasting":[251,269,321],"surges":[254],"handle":[256],"intense":[259],"direct-hit":[261],"cases":[262],"forecasting.":[266],"Taking":[267],"not":[271],"only":[272],"helps":[273],"provide":[274],"more":[275,301,314],"reliable":[276],"forecasts,":[279],"but":[280],"facilitates":[282],"formulation":[284],"better":[287],"strategy":[289],"making":[291],"final-call":[292],"decisions":[293],"emergency":[295],"response":[296],"actions,":[297],"based":[298],"frequent":[302],"real-time":[303],"analysis":[304],"position,":[307],"prediction":[316],"these":[318],"parameters.":[319],"A":[320],"workflow":[322],"proposed":[328]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2023-12-25T00:00:00"}