{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390167244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v67i2.124","title":"Efficiency of post-emergence herbicides for enhancing growth and yield of hybrid maize (Zea mays) in Kandahar, Afghanistan","display_name":"Efficiency of post-emergence herbicides for enhancing growth and yield of hybrid maize (Zea mays) in Kandahar, Afghanistan","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390167244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v67i2.124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.59797/ija.v67i2.124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v67i2.124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v67i2.124","pdf_url":"https://pub.isa-india.in/index.php/ija/article/download/124/59","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146146975","display_name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","issn_l":"0537-197X","issn":["0537-197X","0974-4460"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324113839","host_organization_name":"Indian Society of Agronomy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324113839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Indian Society of Agronomy"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://pub.isa-india.in/index.php/ija/article/download/124/59","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069089270","display_name":"Burhanuddin Wiqar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405283991","display_name":"Afghanistan National Agricultural Sciences and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pw5g820","country_code":"AF","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405283991"]}],"countries":["AF"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BURHANUDDIN WIQAR","raw_affiliation_strings":["Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University, Kandahar, Afghanistan 3801"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University, Kandahar, Afghanistan 3801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405283991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003753282","display_name":"SHANKAR LAL JAT","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3816-2318","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3816-2318"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155935","display_name":"ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ce875","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179420787","https://openalex.org/I4210155935"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.L. JAT","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Delhi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Delhi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045299403","display_name":"C.M. Parihar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3855-2655","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3855-2655"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45509622","display_name":"Indian Agricultural Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01bzgdw81","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179420787","https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.M. PARIHAR","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45509622"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012150350","display_name":"Biswapati Mandal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3756-9167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3756-9167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1141210","display_name":"Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03kkevc75","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1141210","https://openalex.org/I179420787"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.N. MANDAL","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1141210"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088469437","display_name":"Khal Mohammad Ahmadzai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405283991","display_name":"Afghanistan National Agricultural Sciences and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pw5g820","country_code":"AF","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405283991"]}],"countries":["AF"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.M. AHMADZAI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University, Kandahar, Afghanistan 3801"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University, Kandahar, Afghanistan 3801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405283991"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"2","first_page":"208","last_page":"211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12058","display_name":"Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11180","display_name":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-emergence-herbicides","display_name":"post-emergence herbicides","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize-hybrids","display_name":"maize hybrids","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize","display_name":"maize","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-control","display_name":"weed control","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrazine","display_name":"atrazine","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tembotrione","display_name":"tembotrione","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pendimethalin","display_name":"pendimethalin","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2-4-d-amine","display_name":"2,4-D amine","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-emergence-herbicides","display_name":"pre-emergence herbicides","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-herbicide-application","display_name":"sequential herbicide application","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-yield","display_name":"grain yield","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-infestation","display_name":"weed infestation","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dry-matter-accumulation","display_name":"dry matter accumulation","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kandahar","display_name":"Kandahar","score":0.8230000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.8662011623382568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779595939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408652","display_name":"Atrazine","level":3,"score":0.7572369575500488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144938864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Randomized block design","level":2,"score":0.6872570514678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778302866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423895","display_name":"Pendimethalin","level":3,"score":0.676129937171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.6632273197174072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.6625758409500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147273371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739141","display_name":"Weed control","level":2,"score":0.6415888071060181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780138947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393855","display_name":"Dry matter","level":2,"score":0.5754384398460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993531722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11575","display_name":"Zea mays","level":2,"score":0.5224898457527161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4947313964366913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4671905040740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150668497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104870826","display_name":"Dry weight","level":2,"score":0.449971079826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75639521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283519","display_name":"Field experiment","level":2,"score":0.4290480613708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992211155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Grain yield","level":2,"score":0.4252770245075226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.3407135009765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161176658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131656","display_name":"Pesticide","level":2,"score":0.1404038667678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06949380040168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.59797/ija.v67i2.124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v67i2.124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v67i2.124","pdf_url":"https://pub.isa-india.in/index.php/ija/article/download/124/59","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146146975","display_name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","issn_l":"0537-197X","issn":["0537-197X","0974-4460"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324113839","host_organization_name":"Indian Society of Agronomy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324113839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Indian Society of Agronomy"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.59797/ija.v67i2.124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v67i2.124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v67i2.124","pdf_url":"https://pub.isa-india.in/index.php/ija/article/download/124/59","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146146975","display_name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","issn_l":"0537-197X","issn":["0537-197X","0974-4460"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324113839","host_organization_name":"Indian Society of Agronomy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324113839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Indian Society of Agronomy"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390167244.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390167244.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2196827153","https://openalex.org/W2945025655"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322390787","https://openalex.org/W7218100808","https://openalex.org/W3082482489","https://openalex.org/W3148253372","https://openalex.org/W7216862561","https://openalex.org/W7154305256","https://openalex.org/W3088926850","https://openalex.org/W3215226568","https://openalex.org/W7220860425","https://openalex.org/W7219938621"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"field":[1],"experiment":[2],"was":[3,138,158],"conducted":[4],"at":[5,78,99,154,159,177,195],"research":[6],"farm":[7],"of":[8,33,47,116,143,204,219],"the":[9,31,90,117,121,201],"Afghanistan":[10,223],"National":[11],"Agricultural":[12],"Science":[13],"and":[14,75,80,89,96,184,214,216,224],"Technology":[15],"University":[16],"(ANASTU),":[17],"Kandahar,":[18],"Afghanistan,":[19],"in":[20,37,104,222],"randomized":[21],"complete-":[22],"block":[23],"(RCBD)":[24],"design":[25],"during":[26],"summer":[27],"2017,":[28],"to":[29,112],"evaluate":[30],"effect":[32],"post-emergence":[34,206],"(PoE)":[35,64],"herbicides":[36,207],"maize":[38,106,122,221],"(Zea":[39],"mays":[40],"L.).":[41],"Results":[42],"revealed":[43],"that":[44],"sequential":[45,141,202],"application":[46,142,203],"atrazine":[48,144,169,185],"@":[49,58],"1,500":[50],"g/ha":[51,60],"as":[52,61,93,147,165,180,188],"pre-emergence":[53,148,166,189],"followed":[54,149,167],"by":[55,124,150,168],"(fb)":[56],"tembotrione":[57,151],"120":[59],"post":[62],"emergence":[63],"25":[65,155,178,196],"days":[66,82],"after":[67,83],"sowing":[68,84],"(DAS)":[69],"recorded":[70,139],"significantly":[71],"higher":[72,133],"plant":[73],"height":[74],"leaf-area":[76],"index":[77],"60":[79],"90":[81],"(DAS),":[85],"while":[86],"dry-matter":[87],"accumulation":[88],"yield":[91,109,123,135,215],"attributes":[92],"grains/row,":[94],"grain/cob":[95],"grain":[97,134],"weight/cob":[98],"harvesting":[100],"stages.":[101],"Weed":[102],"infestation":[103],"hybrid":[105,220],"caused":[107],"35.8%":[108],"loss":[110],"compared":[111],"weed-free":[113],"control.":[114],"Application":[115],"weed-management":[118],"treatments":[119],"increased":[120],"35.2%":[125],"(11.6":[126],"\u2013":[127],"51.2)":[128],"over":[129],"unweeded":[130],"check.":[131],"Significantly":[132],"(6.50":[136],"t/ha)":[137,183],"with":[140,161],"(1,500":[145,186],"g/ha)":[146,153,171,176,187,194],"(120":[152],"DAS,":[156],"which":[157],"par":[160],"pendimethalin":[162],"(1,000":[163],"ml/ha)":[164],"(750":[170],"+":[172],"2,4-D":[173,191],"amine":[174,192],"(400":[175,193],"DAS":[179,197],"PoE":[181],"(6.21.3":[182],"fb":[190],"(6.12":[198],"t/ha).":[199],"Therefore,":[200],"pre-and":[205],"could":[208],"be":[209],"opted":[210],"for":[211],"enhancing":[212],"growth":[213],"weed":[217],"control":[218],"similar":[225],"ecologies.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-09T09:14:12.587421","created_date":"2023-12-25T00:00:00"}
