{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390118436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojsst.2023.134012","title":"Critical Role of Cyber Security in Global Economy","display_name":"Critical Role of Cyber Security in Global Economy","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390118436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojsst.2023.134012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/ojsst.2023.134012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojsst.2023.134012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojsst.2023.134012","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=129994","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765012372","display_name":"Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology","issn_l":"2162-5999","issn":["2162-5999","2162-6006"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=129994","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093563568","display_name":"Emile S. Mbungu Kala","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130391927","display_name":"Northrise University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vgyhc77","country_code":"ZM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130391927"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33278361","display_name":"University of Zambia","ror":"https://ror.org/03gh19d69","country_code":"ZM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33278361"]}],"countries":["ZM"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emile S. Mbungu Kala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business, University of Zambia (UNZA), Lusaka, Zambia","Department of Computer Science, Northrise University, Ndola, Zambia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business, University of Zambia (UNZA), Lusaka, Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33278361"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Northrise University, Ndola, Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130391927"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093563568"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130391927","https://openalex.org/I33278361"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.7167,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98437475,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"04","first_page":"231","last_page":"248"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14282","display_name":"Security, Politics, and Digital Transformation","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybersecurity","display_name":"cybersecurity","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-security","display_name":"economic security","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure-protection","display_name":"critical infrastructure protection","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-warfare","display_name":"cyber warfare","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-operations","display_name":"information operations","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-law","display_name":"international law","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-security","display_name":"national security","score":0.8379999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781241145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204606","display_name":"Cyberspace","level":3,"score":0.6682674288749695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6147834062576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6033807992935181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5833153128623962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171769113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849340","display_name":"Cyberwarfare","level":2,"score":0.493550181388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.49339666962623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528167355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258307","display_name":"National security","level":2,"score":0.4379105865955353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4357326924800873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3622414171695709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.35812899470329285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.32315313816070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.29289013147354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21654769778251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20765215158462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.18190380930900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4236/ojsst.2023.134012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojsst.2023.134012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojsst.2023.134012","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=129994","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765012372","display_name":"Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology","issn_l":"2162-5999","issn":["2162-5999","2162-6006"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/ojsst.2023.134012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojsst.2023.134012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojsst.2023.134012","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=129994","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765012372","display_name":"Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology","issn_l":"2162-5999","issn":["2162-5999","2162-6006"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7297000288963318}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390118436.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390118436.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130927993","https://openalex.org/W3038313189","https://openalex.org/W3114905628","https://openalex.org/W3158515588","https://openalex.org/W4205667180"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2945390369","https://openalex.org/W3015178933","https://openalex.org/W4256182233","https://openalex.org/W126038195","https://openalex.org/W1979303116","https://openalex.org/W4408296108","https://openalex.org/W1664996984","https://openalex.org/W3090171596","https://openalex.org/W4313637533","https://openalex.org/W1669861029"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,84,146,203,211],"improvements":[1],"that":[2,94,141,191,213,237,244,260],"have":[3,9,58],"been":[4,34,46,59],"made":[5],"in":[6,70,77,149,254],"information":[7,98],"technology":[8],"led":[10],"to":[11,92,216,222,263],"the":[12,18,26,40,47,50,75,78,81,106,112,186,195,201,224,232,235,242,255,258],"creation":[13],"of":[14,21,29,55,64,80,105,111,115,119,197,226,234,257],"new":[15],"dangers":[16],"for":[17,138,194],"national":[19],"security":[20,199,239],"several":[22],"different":[23],"countries.":[24],"For":[25],"most":[27],"part":[28],"military":[30],"history,":[31],"there":[32],"has":[33,45,246],"a":[35,62,136,139],"huge":[36],"power":[37],"disparity":[38],"between":[39],"two":[41],"opposing":[42],"sides.":[43],"This":[44,52,170,250],"case":[48],"throughout":[49],"annals.":[51],"unequal":[53],"allocation":[54],"resources":[56],"might":[57],"caused":[60],"by":[61,160],"variety":[63],"circumstances,":[65],"including":[66],"economic":[67,248],"conditions,":[68],"advances":[69],"technology,":[71],"or":[72,177],"even":[73],"just":[74,174],"disparities":[76],"sizes":[79],"parties":[82],"involved.":[83],"modern":[85],"battlefield":[86,137],"is":[87,95,142,156,166,172,182],"increasingly":[88],"shifting":[89],"its":[90,164],"emphasis":[91],"one":[93],"focused":[96],"on":[97,247],"operations.":[99],"In":[100],"this":[101,151],"particular":[102],"arena,":[103],"all":[104],"warriors":[107],"are":[108,127,192,214,220,261],"making":[109],"use":[110],"same":[113],"kind":[114],"armament,":[116],"which":[117,150],"consists":[118],"computers.":[120],"These":[121],"days,":[122],"computers":[123],"and":[124,132,163,189,200,241],"network":[125],"connections":[126],"what":[128],"make":[129],"up":[130],"cyberspace,":[131],"it":[133,181,245],"serves":[134],"as":[135],"war":[140,152],"still":[143,167],"going":[144,215,221,262],"on.":[145],"legal":[147],"context":[148,233,256],"will":[153,251],"take":[154,217,252,264],"place":[155,218,253,265],"currently":[157],"being":[158,168],"shaped":[159],"international":[161],"law,":[162],"framework":[165],"formed.":[169],"conflict":[171],"not":[173,206],"about":[175,184],"collecting":[176],"protecting":[178],"confidential":[179],"material;":[180],"also":[183],"preserving":[185],"critical":[187],"infrastructures":[188,230],"institutions":[190],"responsible":[193],"preservation":[196],"domestic":[198],"economy.":[202],"stakes":[204],"could":[205],"possibly":[207],"be":[208],"any":[209],"higher.":[210],"presentations":[212,259],"today":[219],"situate":[223],"work":[225],"defending":[227],"our":[228],"important":[229],"within":[231],"role":[236],"cyber":[238],"plays":[240],"influence":[243],"security.":[249],"today.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2023-12-23T00:00:00"}
