{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390092829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2312.13096","title":"In Generative AI we Trust: Can Chatbots Effectively Verify Political Information?","display_name":"In Generative AI we Trust: Can Chatbots Effectively Verify Political Information?","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390092829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2312.13096"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2312.13096","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.13096","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.13096","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.13096","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024157058","display_name":"Elizaveta Kuznetsova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3614-1804","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3614-1804"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117750","display_name":"Weizenbaum Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/023kksk09","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806","https://openalex.org/I2800804238","https://openalex.org/I2801702882","https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210117750","https://openalex.org/I4577782","https://openalex.org/I46043019","https://openalex.org/I4923324","https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuznetsova, Elizaveta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society , Berlin ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society , Berlin ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087601816","display_name":"Mykola Makhortykh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7143-5317","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7143-5317"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Makhortykh, Mykola","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bern , Bern"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bern , Bern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034966339","display_name":"Victoria Vziatysheva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3762-6758","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3762-6758"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vziatysheva, Victoria","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bern , Bern"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bern , Bern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109667570","display_name":"Martha Stolze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6916-4676","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6916-4676"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117750","display_name":"Weizenbaum Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/023kksk09","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806","https://openalex.org/I2800804238","https://openalex.org/I2801702882","https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210117750","https://openalex.org/I4577782","https://openalex.org/I46043019","https://openalex.org/I4923324","https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stolze, Martha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society , Berlin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society , Berlin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093557910","display_name":"Ani Baghumyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7237-1474","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7237-1474"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baghumyan, Ani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bern , Bern"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bern , Bern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026969792","display_name":"Aleksandra Urman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3332-9294","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3332-9294"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Urman, Aleksandra","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zurich , Zurich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zurich , Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatbots","display_name":"chatbots","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-information","display_name":"political information","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinformation","display_name":"disinformation","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"misinformation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conspiracy-theories","display_name":"conspiracy theories","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatgpt","display_name":"ChatGPT","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bing-chat","display_name":"Bing Chat","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microsoft-copilot","display_name":"Microsoft Copilot","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-bias","display_name":"source bias","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-resource-languages","display_name":"low-resource languages","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/russian-language","display_name":"Russian language","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ukrainian-language","display_name":"Ukrainian language","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-communication","display_name":"political communication","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-in-auditing","display_name":"artificial intelligence in auditing","score":0.4819999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189656","display_name":"Disinformation","level":3,"score":0.6078832149505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779041454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870780","display_name":"Chatbot","level":2,"score":0.594200849533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5790905952453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.5725817680358887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176856949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001676","display_name":"Offensive","level":2,"score":0.5452301502227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.506904661655426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5030376315116882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4172670841217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39294111728668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2783765196800232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.25872835516929626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.21846267580986023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.21386805176734924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1188906729221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.11642742156982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2312.13096","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.13096","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.13096","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:weizenbaum-library.de:id/693","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.weizenbaum-library.de/handle/id/693","pdf_url":"https://www.weizenbaum-library.de/bitstreams/67950d4c-fe17-4a36-84d2-f20089676f56/download","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48350/192758","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/174307","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boris.unibe.ch:192758","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/192758/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401747","display_name":"BORIS (University Library Bern)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210103840","host_organization_name":"Nakuru County Council","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103840"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Kuznetsova, Elizaveta; Makhortykh, Mykola; Vziatysheva, Victoria; Stolze, Martha; Baghumyan, Ani; Urman, Aleksandra (20 December 2023). In Generative AI we Trust: Can Chatbots Effectively Verify Political Information? (arXiv). Cornell University 10.48550/arXiv.2312.13096 <http://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2312.13096>","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2312.13096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2312.13096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2312.13096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2312.13096","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.13096","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.13096","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390092829.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390092829.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4404533282","https://openalex.org/W4386572529","https://openalex.org/W6943788377","https://openalex.org/W6906620934","https://openalex.org/W7082047776","https://openalex.org/W7112516417","https://openalex.org/W4407195581","https://openalex.org/W4408038418","https://openalex.org/W4415555241","https://openalex.org/W4401858040"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,162],"comparative":[4],"analysis":[5],"of":[6,9,28,86,96,135,146,210,217,233,240,255,268],"the":[7,54,65,84,138,147,208,215,218,221,231,250,269,272],"ability":[8,85],"two":[10],"large":[11],"language":[12,267],"model":[13,119],"(LLM)-based":[14],"chatbots,":[15],"ChatGPT":[16,136,191],"and":[17,43,58,70,79,99,127,177,180],"Bing":[18,157,197],"Chat,":[19],"recently":[20],"rebranded":[21],"to":[22,25,36,88,92,124,186,223,249,262],"Microsoft":[23],"Copilot,":[24],"detect":[26],"veracity":[27,140,205],"political":[29,93,126,187],"information.":[30],"We":[31,62,105,166],"use":[32],"AI":[33],"auditing":[34],"methodology":[35],"investigate":[37],"how":[38,64,109,171,181,256],"chatbots":[39,66,87,172,211,235],"evaluate":[40,89,173],"true,":[41],"false,":[42],"borderline":[44],"statements":[45,90],"on":[46,151,214],"five":[47],"topics:":[48],"COVID-19,":[49],"Russian":[50],"aggression":[51],"against":[52],"Ukraine,":[53],"Holocaust,":[55],"climate":[56],"change,":[57],"LGBTQ+":[59],"related":[60],"debates.":[61],"compare":[63],"perform":[67],"in":[68,76,170,175,236,243,253],"high-":[69,176],"low-resource":[71,178],"languages":[72,154,179],"by":[73,114,120],"using":[74,102],"prompts":[75,174],"English,":[77],"Russian,":[78],"Ukrainian.":[80],"Furthermore,":[81],"we":[82,118,200],"explore":[83],"according":[91],"communication":[94,188],"concepts":[95,189],"disinformation,":[97],"misinformation,":[98],"conspiracy":[100],"theory,":[101],"definition-oriented":[103],"prompts.":[104],"also":[106,247],"systematically":[107],"test":[108],"such":[110,257,265],"evaluations":[111,185],"are":[112],"influenced":[113],"source":[115,222],"bias":[116],"which":[117,224],"attributing":[121],"specific":[122,263],"claims":[123],"various":[125],"social":[128],"actors.":[129],"The":[130],"results":[131],"show":[132],"high":[133],"performance":[134,209],"for":[137,203],"baseline":[139],"evaluation":[141],"task,":[142],"with":[143,161,190],"72":[144],"percent":[145,164],"cases":[148],"evaluated":[149],"correctly":[150],"average":[152],"across":[153],"without":[155],"pre-training.":[156],"Chat":[158],"performed":[159],"worse":[160],"67":[163],"accuracy.":[165],"observe":[167],"significant":[168],"disparities":[169],"they":[182],"adapt":[183],"their":[184],"providing":[192],"more":[193],"nuanced":[194],"outputs":[195],"than":[196],"Chat.":[198],"Finally,":[199],"find":[201],"that":[202],"some":[204],"detection-related":[206],"tasks,":[207],"varied":[212],"depending":[213],"topic":[216],"statement":[219],"or":[220,271],"it":[225],"is":[226,259],"attributed.":[227],"These":[228],"findings":[229],"highlight":[230],"potential":[232,258],"LLM-based":[234],"tackling":[237],"different":[238],"forms":[239],"false":[241],"information":[242],"online":[244],"environments,":[245],"but":[246],"points":[248],"substantial":[251],"variation":[252],"terms":[254],"realized":[260],"due":[261],"factors,":[264],"as":[266],"prompt":[270],"topic.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2023-12-22T00:00:00"}