{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390080775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44412-026-00021-x","title":"Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal effects of nitrogen deficiency on photosynthesis and carbon metabolism in wheat","display_name":"Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal effects of nitrogen deficiency on photosynthesis and carbon metabolism in wheat","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390080775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44412-026-00021-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44412-026-00021-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44412-026-00021-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44412-026-00021-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44412-026-00021-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407054744","display_name":"WheatOmics","issn_l":"3059-3484","issn":["3059-3484","3059-4065"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"WheatOmics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44412-026-00021-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100352324","display_name":"Xin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3256-2940","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3256-2940","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9044-9308","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4435-4881","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4742-9870"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767932","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/04axhqr63","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767932","https://openalex.org/I74485261"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74485261","display_name":"Shandong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ke8fw32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China","ShanDong Shofine Seed Technology Co., Ltd., Jiaxiang, 272400, Shandong, China","Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-3939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767932","https://openalex.org/I74485261"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShanDong Shofine Seed Technology Co., Ltd., Jiaxiang, 272400, Shandong, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160307830","display_name":"Xiaoling Niu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74485261","display_name":"Shandong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ke8fw32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoling Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianmushan Forest Ecosystem Orientation Observation and Research Station of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China","Zhejiang Tianmshan National Nature Reserve Management Bureau, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China","ShanDong Shofine Seed Technology Co., Ltd., Jiaxiang, 272400, Shandong, China","Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianmushan Forest Ecosystem Orientation Observation and Research Station of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Tianmshan National Nature Reserve Management Bureau, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShanDong Shofine Seed Technology Co., Ltd., Jiaxiang, 272400, Shandong, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070214137","display_name":"Lili Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3784-0308","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3784-0308"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46506128","display_name":"Westfield State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pjd6b26","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46506128"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74485261","display_name":"Shandong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ke8fw32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lili Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Science Department, Westfield State University, Westfield, MA, 01085, USA","ShanDong Shofine Seed Technology Co., Ltd., Jiaxiang, 272400, Shandong, China","Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Science Department, Westfield State University, Westfield, MA, 01085, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46506128"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShanDong Shofine Seed Technology Co., Ltd., Jiaxiang, 272400, Shandong, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016518215","display_name":"Xinyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-425X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-425X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2755-1369"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119868032","display_name":"Shanxi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05e9f5362","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119868032"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74485261","display_name":"Shandong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ke8fw32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fumin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030800, Shanxi, China","ShanDong Shofine Seed Technology Co., Ltd., Jiaxiang, 272400, Shandong, China","Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2755-1369","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030800, Shanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119868032"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShanDong Shofine Seed Technology Co., Ltd., Jiaxiang, 272400, Shandong, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016518215","https://openalex.org/A5100352324"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119868032","https://openalex.org/I4391767932","https://openalex.org/I74485261"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2190},"apc_paid":{"value":2190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2190},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00100257,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11247","display_name":"Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11247","display_name":"Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12566","display_name":"Nitrogen and Sulfur Effects on Brassica","score":0.00839999970048666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10303","display_name":"Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-deficiency","display_name":"nitrogen deficiency","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat","display_name":"wheat","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photosynthesis","display_name":"photosynthesis","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-metabolism","display_name":"carbon metabolism","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differentially-expressed-genes","display_name":"differentially expressed genes","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differentially-expressed-proteins","display_name":"differentially expressed proteins","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/candidate-genes","display_name":"candidate genes","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-use-efficiency","display_name":"nitrogen use efficiency","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-breeding","display_name":"molecular breeding","score":0.6840000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21410773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220869","display_name":"Shoot","level":2,"score":0.7837070226669312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162317418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252857","display_name":"Transcriptome","level":4,"score":0.7695833444595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183688256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11982","display_name":"Photosynthesis","level":2,"score":0.6891229748725891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.6712304353713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6590426564216614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69991583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423575","display_name":"Candidate gene","level":3,"score":0.5777578353881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49045045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82551","display_name":"Nitrogen cycle","level":3,"score":0.5649884343147278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104397665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860947","display_name":"Proteome","level":2,"score":0.514141857624054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62231903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057","display_name":"Metabolism","level":2,"score":0.4419502913951874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.41657018661499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.4078729450702667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.2564603090286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.241464763879776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1673905849456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44412-026-00021-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44412-026-00021-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44412-026-00021-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44412-026-00021-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407054744","display_name":"WheatOmics","issn_l":"3059-3484","issn":["3059-3484","3059-4065"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"WheatOmics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1557.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202312.1557.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.20944/preprints202312.1557.v1","pdf_url":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/070fbc7956ee334b4cc92c217dff48f8/download_pub","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44412-026-00021-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44412-026-00021-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44412-026-00021-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44412-026-00021-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407054744","display_name":"WheatOmics","issn_l":"3059-3484","issn":["3059-3484","3059-4065"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"WheatOmics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.991100013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4445829825","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2026BQ74","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328120","funder_display_name":"Shanxi Agricultural University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328120","display_name":"Shanxi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05e9f5362"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390080775.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390080775.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534123638","https://openalex.org/W1970933926","https://openalex.org/W1971864855","https://openalex.org/W1972202535","https://openalex.org/W1972501833","https://openalex.org/W1990473745","https://openalex.org/W2025363508","https://openalex.org/W2026237181","https://openalex.org/W2030043614","https://openalex.org/W2034076135","https://openalex.org/W2057684100","https://openalex.org/W2062666588","https://openalex.org/W2079008625","https://openalex.org/W2080532426","https://openalex.org/W2083841164","https://openalex.org/W2085339413","https://openalex.org/W2097942039","https://openalex.org/W2107302032","https://openalex.org/W2110256992","https://openalex.org/W2118267109","https://openalex.org/W2118572975","https://openalex.org/W2131491732","https://openalex.org/W2149970565","https://openalex.org/W2150339767","https://openalex.org/W2160364982","https://openalex.org/W2168820396","https://openalex.org/W2170399317","https://openalex.org/W2174884009","https://openalex.org/W2235425366","https://openalex.org/W2290635812","https://openalex.org/W2335031885","https://openalex.org/W2507727342","https://openalex.org/W2546792265","https://openalex.org/W2547565465","https://openalex.org/W2559588208","https://openalex.org/W2617486394","https://openalex.org/W2738247374","https://openalex.org/W2749587598","https://openalex.org/W2757383390","https://openalex.org/W2795280997","https://openalex.org/W2889660763","https://openalex.org/W2892065426","https://openalex.org/W2909807143","https://openalex.org/W2920761803","https://openalex.org/W2921537707","https://openalex.org/W2954386789","https://openalex.org/W2964752408","https://openalex.org/W2978565590","https://openalex.org/W2993297546","https://openalex.org/W3008592551","https://openalex.org/W3009367460","https://openalex.org/W3016595341","https://openalex.org/W3039974299","https://openalex.org/W3091768001","https://openalex.org/W3095383137","https://openalex.org/W3096175285","https://openalex.org/W3184219989","https://openalex.org/W4225438935","https://openalex.org/W4226088771","https://openalex.org/W4281253489","https://openalex.org/W4283806745","https://openalex.org/W4307264306","https://openalex.org/W4317399036","https://openalex.org/W4322739703","https://openalex.org/W4391609182","https://openalex.org/W4411069044"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3091768001","https://openalex.org/W3192831874","https://openalex.org/W2977459902","https://openalex.org/W4391263630","https://openalex.org/W3089637457","https://openalex.org/W2079797786","https://openalex.org/W2391241467","https://openalex.org/W3011399540","https://openalex.org/W2936367350","https://openalex.org/W4287448753"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Excessive":[0],"nitrogen":[1,23,43,50,57,147,194],"application":[2],"has":[3],"become":[4],"a":[5],"hidden":[6],"danger":[7],"threatening":[8],"the":[9,15,22,56,60,82,98,113,131,178],"sustainable":[10],"development":[11],"of":[12,25,69,141,183],"agriculture.":[13],"Exploring":[14],"potential":[16],"genes":[17,77,104,109,122,127,152,160,170,185],"will":[18,189],"help":[19],"to":[20,154,162,172],"improve":[21],"availability":[24,195],"wheat":[26,33,142],"through":[27,196],"molecular":[28,197],"breeding.":[29,198],"We":[30],"therefore":[31],"conducted":[32],"transcriptomics":[34],"and":[35,45,65,73,84,89,100,107,118,125,136,144,167,180],"proteomics":[36],"researches":[37],"under":[38,146],"complete":[39,46],"culture":[40,47],"medium":[41,48],"without":[42],"(N0)":[44],"with":[49],"(N1).":[51],"The":[52],"results":[53],"showed":[54,112,130],"that,":[55],"deficit":[58,148],"decreased":[59],"fresh":[61],"weight,":[62],"N":[63],"content":[64],"net":[66],"photosynthetic":[67],"rate":[68],"winter":[70],"wheat.":[71],"3949":[72],"2675":[74],"differentially":[75,91],"expressed":[76,92],"(DEGs)":[78],"were":[79,95,186],"identified":[80,96],"in":[81,97,105,110,116,123,128,134,156,165,175],"shoot":[83,99,106,124],"root,":[85],"respectively,":[86],"while":[87],"164":[88],"129":[90],"proteins":[93],"(DEPs)":[94],"root":[101,111,129],"respectively.":[102],"9":[103],"26":[108],"same":[114],"trends":[115,133],"RNA":[117,135],"protein":[119,137],"levels.":[120,138],"5":[121],"4":[126,158],"opposite":[132],"Pathway":[139],"enrichment":[140],"transcriptome":[143],"proteome":[145],"proposed":[149],"3":[150],"candidate":[151,159,169],"related":[153,161,171],"photosynthesis":[155],"shoot,":[157,166],"carbon":[163,173],"metabolism":[164,174],"12":[168],"root.":[176],"Meanwhile,":[177],"chromosomal":[179],"subcellular":[181],"localization":[182],"these":[184],"listed,":[187],"which":[188],"provide":[190],"reference":[191],"for":[192],"improving":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2023-12-22T00:00:00"}