{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390079679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jwe1540-9589.2251","title":"HCNN-LSTM: Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network with Long Short-Term Memory Integrated for Legitimate Web Prediction","display_name":"HCNN-LSTM: Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network with Long Short-Term Memory Integrated for Legitimate Web Prediction","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390079679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jwe1540-9589.2251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.13052/jwe1540-9589.2251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jwe1540-9589.2251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jwe1540-9589.2251","pdf_url":"https://journals.riverpublishers.com/index.php/JWE/article/download/18155/19091","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114499935","display_name":"Journal of Web Engineering","issn_l":"1540-9589","issn":["1540-9589","1544-5976"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366111290","host_organization_name":"River Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366111290"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["River Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Web Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.riverpublishers.com/index.php/JWE/article/download/18155/19091","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046898250","display_name":"Candra Zonyfar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0697-882X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0697-882X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51926615","display_name":"Sun Moon University","ror":"https://ror.org/009e5cd49","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51926615"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Candra Zonyfar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Electronics Engineering, Sun Moon University, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Electronics Engineering, Sun Moon University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51926615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004093779","display_name":"Jung-Been Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8208-0387","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8208-0387"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51926615","display_name":"Sun Moon University","ror":"https://ror.org/009e5cd49","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51926615"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung-Been Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["1) Department of Computer Science and Electronics Engineering, Sun Moon University, Korea 2) Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan, 31460 South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1) Department of Computer Science and Electronics Engineering, Sun Moon University, Korea 2) Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan, 31460 South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51926615"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054412359","display_name":"Jeong\u2010Dong Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5113-221X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5113-221X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51926615","display_name":"Sun Moon University","ror":"https://ror.org/009e5cd49","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51926615"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeong-Dong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["1) Department of Computer Science and Electronics Engineering, Sun Moon University, Korea 2) Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan, 31460 South Korea 3) Genom-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Sun Moon University, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1) Department of Computer Science and Electronics Engineering, Sun Moon University, Korea 2) Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan, 31460 South Korea 3) Genom-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Sun Moon University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51926615"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51926615"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1254,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92063039,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing-detection","display_name":"phishing detection","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/url-analysis","display_name":"URL analysis","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-cnn-lstm-model","display_name":"CNN-LSTM hybrid model","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1d-convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"1D convolutional neural network","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-short-term-memory","display_name":"long short-term memory","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/url-feature-extraction","display_name":"URL feature extraction","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"binary classification","score":0.550000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8589702844619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.8436588048934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6344415545463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5793439149856567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113324615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472302","display_name":"Login","level":2,"score":0.5678757429122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983355114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161380","display_name":"Credit card","level":3,"score":0.5272173881530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5264254808425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.47991642355918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.43755874037742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4336753189563751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41700297594070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.41465601325035095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33577972650527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2828029692173004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.26680105924606323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.13052/jwe1540-9589.2251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jwe1540-9589.2251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jwe1540-9589.2251","pdf_url":"https://journals.riverpublishers.com/index.php/JWE/article/download/18155/19091","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114499935","display_name":"Journal of Web Engineering","issn_l":"1540-9589","issn":["1540-9589","1544-5976"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366111290","host_organization_name":"River Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366111290"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["River Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Web Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.13052/jwe1540-9589.2251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jwe1540-9589.2251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13052/jwe1540-9589.2251","pdf_url":"https://journals.riverpublishers.com/index.php/JWE/article/download/18155/19091","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114499935","display_name":"Journal of Web Engineering","issn_l":"1540-9589","issn":["1540-9589","1544-5976"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366111290","host_organization_name":"River Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366111290"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["River Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Web Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321340","display_name":"Sun Moon University","ror":"https://ror.org/009e5cd49"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390079679.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390079679.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029470356","https://openalex.org/W2037021247","https://openalex.org/W2793723077","https://openalex.org/W2886377174","https://openalex.org/W2890718808","https://openalex.org/W2914801588","https://openalex.org/W2917600487","https://openalex.org/W2944669302","https://openalex.org/W2992909803","https://openalex.org/W3008496855","https://openalex.org/W3024181774","https://openalex.org/W3094117827","https://openalex.org/W3094291258","https://openalex.org/W3094521121","https://openalex.org/W3118275552","https://openalex.org/W3119513105","https://openalex.org/W3119664108","https://openalex.org/W3138009395","https://openalex.org/W3145733289","https://openalex.org/W3151417188","https://openalex.org/W3158143049","https://openalex.org/W3185895012","https://openalex.org/W3195446130","https://openalex.org/W3203163722","https://openalex.org/W3209034791","https://openalex.org/W3212616499","https://openalex.org/W3216851236","https://openalex.org/W4200587960","https://openalex.org/W4206147422","https://openalex.org/W4206931805","https://openalex.org/W4211210065","https://openalex.org/W4212787488","https://openalex.org/W4221129096","https://openalex.org/W4224223554","https://openalex.org/W4226537968","https://openalex.org/W4281483860","https://openalex.org/W4283735463","https://openalex.org/W4289260655","https://openalex.org/W4313654696","https://openalex.org/W4322487983","https://openalex.org/W4362719792"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313588323","https://openalex.org/W4412779023","https://openalex.org/W4385192912","https://openalex.org/W7160874867","https://openalex.org/W4385780799","https://openalex.org/W4399012297","https://openalex.org/W4200452047","https://openalex.org/W4392666469","https://openalex.org/W7168087460","https://openalex.org/W4400590863"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phishing":[0],"techniques":[1,59],"are":[2,60,142],"the":[3,35,40,119,123,170,175,188],"most":[4],"frequently":[5],"used":[6],"threat":[7],"by":[8,94],"attackers":[9],"to":[10,33,38,52,65,79],"deceive":[11],"Internet":[12],"users":[13,32,51,78],"and":[14,23,100,147,161,172],"obtain":[15],"sensitive":[16],"victim":[17],"information,":[18],"such":[19],"as":[20],"login":[21],"credentials":[22],"credit":[24],"card":[25],"numbers.":[26],"So,":[27],"it":[28,46],"is":[29,47,73,182],"important":[30],"for":[31,49,77,126,187],"know":[34],"legitimate":[36,54,69,189],"website":[37,70],"avoid":[39,80],"traps":[41],"of":[42,114,131,138,163],"fake":[43],"websites.":[44,82],"However,":[45],"difficult":[48],"lay":[50],"distinguish":[53],"websites,":[55],"considering":[56],"that":[57,178],"phishing":[58,81,127],"always":[61],"developing":[62],"from":[63,144],"time":[64],"time.":[66],"Therefore,":[67],"a":[68,89,96,109,183],"detection":[71],"system":[72],"an":[74],"easy":[75],"way":[76],"To":[83],"address":[84],"this":[85],"problem,":[86],"we":[87],"present":[88],"hybrid":[90],"deep":[91],"learning":[92],"model":[93,121,151,181,186],"combining":[95],"convolution":[97],"neural":[98],"network":[99,111],"long":[101],"short-term":[102],"memory":[103],"(HCNN-LSTM).":[104],"A":[105],"one-dimensional":[106],"CNN":[107,171],"with":[108,134,157],"LSTM":[110],"shared":[112],"estimation":[113],"all":[115],"sublayers,":[116],"then":[117],"implements":[118],"proposed":[120,180],"in":[122,154],"benchmark":[124],"dataset":[125],"prediction,":[128],"which":[129,139],"consists":[130],"11430":[132],"URLs":[133],"87":[135],"attributes":[136],"extracted":[137],"56":[140],"parameters":[141],"selected":[143],"URL":[145],"structure":[146],"syntax.":[148],"The":[149],"HCNN-LSTM":[150],"was":[152],"successful":[153],"binary":[155],"classification":[156],"accuracy,":[158],"precision,":[159],"recall,":[160],"F1-score":[162],"95.19%,":[164],"95.00%,":[165,166,167],"successively":[168],"outperforming":[169],"LSTM.":[173],"Thus,":[174],"results":[176],"show":[177],"our":[179],"competitive":[184],"new":[185],"web":[190],"prediction":[191],"tasks.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-12-22T00:00:00"}