{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390031489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2233-2736","title":"Use of Natural Language Processing to Identify Sexual and Reproductive Health Information in Clinical Text","display_name":"Use of Natural Language Processing to Identify Sexual and Reproductive Health Information in Clinical Text","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390031489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2233-2736","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38122815","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13288149"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1055/a-2233-2736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2233-2736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2233-2736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61967871","display_name":"Methods of Information in Medicine","issn_l":"0026-1270","issn":["0026-1270","2511-705X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Methods of Information in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13288149/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007433899","display_name":"Elizabeth I. Harrison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4035-1553","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4035-1553"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130600","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/03763ep67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134769","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04ehecz88","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth I. Harrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022260985","display_name":"Laura A. Kirkpatrick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8259-5997","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8259-5997"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130600","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/03763ep67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134769","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04ehecz88","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura A. Kirkpatrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104217609","display_name":"Patrick W. Harrison","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick W. Harrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Theoretic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Theoretic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058619273","display_name":"Traci M. Kazmerski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3916-8260","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3916-8260"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130600","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/03763ep67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134769","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04ehecz88","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Traci M. Kazmerski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042266346","display_name":"Yoshimi Sogawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6832-7358","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6832-7358"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130600","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/03763ep67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134769","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04ehecz88","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098814","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshimi Sogawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130600","https://openalex.org/I4210134769"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082929960","display_name":"Harry Hochheiser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8793-9982","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8793-9982"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harry S. Hochheiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0887,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34199997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"05/06","first_page":"193","last_page":"201"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.6538000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.6538000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.20229999721050262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.014700000174343586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-and-reproductive-health","display_name":"sexual and reproductive health","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-text-mining","display_name":"clinical text mining","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-health-records","display_name":"electronic health records","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-classification","display_name":"text classification","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menstrual-history","display_name":"menstrual history","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contraception","display_name":"contraception","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnancy","display_name":"pregnancy","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teratogens","display_name":"teratogens","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/folic-acid","display_name":"folic acid","score":0.9779999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7030107378959656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6853177547454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121752807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981388","display_name":"Reproductive health","level":3,"score":0.6230593323707581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5585188865661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133652896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7251300","display_name":"Protected health information","level":5,"score":0.520659327507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.49749138951301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.48332926630973816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.4513385593891144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4117850065231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.35335782170295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.29356151819229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.16628316044807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.15467438101768494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113807197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60894","display_name":"Health education","level":3,"score":0.1493913233280182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.106690913438797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147268084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5635796","display_name":"HRHIS","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005492","descriptor_name":"Folic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012725","descriptor_name":"Sexual Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013723","descriptor_name":"Teratogens","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060728","descriptor_name":"Reproductive Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1055/a-2233-2736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2233-2736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2233-2736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61967871","display_name":"Methods of Information in Medicine","issn_l":"0026-1270","issn":["0026-1270","2511-705X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Methods of Information in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38122815","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38122815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Methods of information in medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13288149","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13288149/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Methods Inf Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13288149","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13288149/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Methods Inf Med","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1624987057","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L40 HD113008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5956111196","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1212269","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308392","funder_display_name":"American Academy of Neurology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000915546","display_name":"Child Neurologist Career Development Program","funder_award_id":"K12NS098482","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308392","display_name":"American Academy of Neurology","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv9dj85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592736283","https://openalex.org/W1981221121","https://openalex.org/W2012542655","https://openalex.org/W2040298461","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2125117006","https://openalex.org/W2139729761","https://openalex.org/W2472803348","https://openalex.org/W2527846522","https://openalex.org/W2924440492","https://openalex.org/W2958747773","https://openalex.org/W3003154319","https://openalex.org/W3005056912","https://openalex.org/W3013605954","https://openalex.org/W3159346429","https://openalex.org/W4214809092","https://openalex.org/W4287505901","https://openalex.org/W4381332413"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2785587266","https://openalex.org/W3202375701","https://openalex.org/W7128685570","https://openalex.org/W4407372735","https://openalex.org/W4391709909","https://openalex.org/W4366551380","https://openalex.org/W3172148746","https://openalex.org/W3191085759","https://openalex.org/W2564408440","https://openalex.org/W1891852461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"This":[1,177],"study":[2],"aimed":[3],"to":[4,15,66,80,102,133,136,140,154,181,254,298],"enable":[5],"clinical":[6,35],"researchers":[7],"without":[8],"expertise":[9],"in":[10],"natural":[11],"language":[12],"processing":[13],"(NLP)":[14],"extract":[16],"and":[17,22,71,91,122,150,290],"analyze":[18],"information":[19,149],"about":[20],"sexual":[21,227,266],"reproductive":[23],"health":[24,29,45],"(SRH),":[25],"or":[26,78],"other":[27],"sensitive":[28],"topics,":[30],"from":[31,42],"large":[32,286],"sets":[33],"of":[34,58,74,88,211,285,288],"notes.":[36,49],"METHODS:":[37],"(1)":[38],"We":[39,51,63,129,146,197],"retrieved":[40],"text":[41,115],"the":[43,67,158,171,199,223,241,251],"electronic":[44],"record":[46],"as":[47,76,99],"individual":[48],"(2)":[50],"segmented":[52],"notes":[53,185],"into":[54],"sentences":[55,65,97,135,164,242],"using":[56,201,261],"one":[57],"scispaCy's":[59],"NLP":[60],"toolkits.":[61],"(3)":[62],"exported":[64],"labeling":[68],"application":[69],"Watchful":[70],"annotated":[72],"subsets":[73],"these":[75],"relevant":[77,144,163],"irrelevant":[79],"various":[81],"SRH":[82,141,195],"categories":[83],"by":[84],"applying":[85],"a":[86,119,123,209],"combination":[87],"regular":[89],"expressions":[90],"manual":[92,302],"annotation.":[93],"(4)":[94],"The":[95],"labeled":[96,172,208],"served":[98],"training":[100],"data":[101,173],"create":[103],"machine":[104],"learning":[105],"models":[106,159],"for":[107,165,174,186,219],"classifying":[108],"text;":[109],"specifically,":[110],"we":[111,169,249],"used":[112,147],"spaCy's":[113],"default":[114],"classification":[116],"ensemble,":[117],"comprising":[118],"bag-of-words":[120],"model":[121,132],"neural":[124],"network":[125],"with":[126,142],"attention.":[127],"(5)":[128],"applied":[130,180],"each":[131,166,220],"unlabeled":[134],"identify":[137],"additional":[138],"references":[139],"novel":[143],"vocabulary.":[145],"this":[148],"repeated":[151],"steps":[152],"3":[153],"5":[155],"iteratively":[156],"until":[157],"identified":[160],"no":[161],"new":[162],"topic.":[167],"Finally,":[168],"aggregated":[170],"analysis.":[175],"RESULTS:":[176],"methodology":[178,280],"was":[179],"3,663":[182],"Child":[183],"Neurology":[184],"971":[187],"female":[188],"patients.":[189],"Our":[190,279],"search":[191],"focused":[192],"on":[193,243],"six":[194],"categories.":[196],"validated":[198],"approach":[200],"two":[202],"subject":[203,299],"matter":[204,300],"experts,":[205],"who":[206],"independently":[207],"sample":[210],"400":[212],"sentences.":[213],"Cohen's":[214,262],"kappa":[215,263],"values":[216],"were":[217],"calculated":[218],"category":[221],"between":[222],"reviewers":[224,245],"(menstruation:":[225,264],"1,":[226,234,265,268,273],"activity:":[228,267],"0.9499,":[229],"contraception:":[230,269],"0.9887,":[231],"folic":[232,271],"acid:":[233,272],"teratogens:":[235,274],"0.8864,":[236],"pregnancy:":[237,276],"0.9499).":[238],"After":[239],"removing":[240],"which":[244],"did":[246],"not":[247],"agree,":[248],"compared":[250],"reviewers'":[252],"labels":[253],"those":[255],"produced":[256,292],"via":[257],"our":[258],"methodology,":[259],"again":[260],"0.9885,":[270],"0.9841,":[275],"0.9871).":[277],"CONCLUSION:":[278],"is":[281],"reproducible,":[282],"enables":[283],"analysis":[284],"amounts":[287],"text,":[289],"has":[291],"results":[293],"that":[294],"are":[295],"highly":[296],"comparable":[297],"expert":[301],"review.":[303]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2023-12-21T00:00:00"}