{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390021965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi7545","title":"School shootings increase NRA donations","display_name":"School shootings increase NRA donations","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390021965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi7545","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38117885","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10846846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi7545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi7545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi7545","pdf_url":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.adi7545?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737427234","display_name":"Science Advances","issn_l":"2375-2548","issn":["2375-2548"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Advances","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.adi7545?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092339513","display_name":"Tobias Roemer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0034-5725","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0034-5725"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Roemer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0034-5725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092339513"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"fwci":3.5149,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93205588,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"51","first_page":"eadi7545","last_page":"eadi7545"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12265","display_name":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12265","display_name":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12225","display_name":"Political Influence and Corporate Strategies","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-shootings","display_name":"school shootings","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-rifle-association","display_name":"National Rifle Association","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-mobilization","display_name":"political mobilization","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counter-mobilization","display_name":"counter-mobilization","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gun-control","display_name":"gun control","score":0.6200000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780534388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1328508","display_name":"Gun control","level":2,"score":0.9074187278747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.7527345418930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775933685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124860","display_name":"Donation","level":2,"score":0.6443195343017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.585199773311615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5796200037002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4988720417022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993856043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5618454","display_name":"Gun violence","level":4,"score":0.4847814440727234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.43202313780784607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4120880961418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.3979722261428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.39759141206741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.26952871680259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2662714123725891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22422727942466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.21965152025222778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.14716309309005737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000097907","descriptor_name":"Mass Shooting Events","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005389","descriptor_name":"Firearms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi7545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi7545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi7545","pdf_url":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.adi7545?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737427234","display_name":"Science Advances","issn_l":"2375-2548","issn":["2375-2548"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Advances","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.31235/osf.io/7r9hu","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/7r9hu","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/7r9hu","pdf_url":"https://osf.io/7r9hu/download","source":null,"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10846846","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10846846","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10846846/pdf/sciadv.adi7545.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci Adv","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:38117885","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38117885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science advances","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:0032d475-62a9-4dcb-947c-ff75ce74da4d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/7r9hu","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401238","display_name":"SocArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E005B-53B-FD9","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://osf.io/7r9hu/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401238","display_name":"SocArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi7545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi7545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi7545","pdf_url":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.adi7545?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737427234","display_name":"Science Advances","issn_l":"2375-2548","issn":["2375-2548"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Advances","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320290","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390021965.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390021965.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W259442020","https://openalex.org/W1060883492","https://openalex.org/W1542443259","https://openalex.org/W1976823111","https://openalex.org/W2051153556","https://openalex.org/W2079551860","https://openalex.org/W2081441205","https://openalex.org/W2088133861","https://openalex.org/W2120449699","https://openalex.org/W2124136858","https://openalex.org/W2144369477","https://openalex.org/W2156753056","https://openalex.org/W2159949138","https://openalex.org/W2292204028","https://openalex.org/W2293742125","https://openalex.org/W2312696800","https://openalex.org/W2330659357","https://openalex.org/W2465842159","https://openalex.org/W2521420284","https://openalex.org/W2561522310","https://openalex.org/W2576313817","https://openalex.org/W2581765185","https://openalex.org/W2582383738","https://openalex.org/W2624972934","https://openalex.org/W2625849543","https://openalex.org/W2740504809","https://openalex.org/W2766185836","https://openalex.org/W2774753998","https://openalex.org/W2778050906","https://openalex.org/W2791859701","https://openalex.org/W2804987354","https://openalex.org/W2807271170","https://openalex.org/W2906110687","https://openalex.org/W2907499077","https://openalex.org/W2911576066","https://openalex.org/W2947132090","https://openalex.org/W2951533435","https://openalex.org/W2961437778","https://openalex.org/W2962810896","https://openalex.org/W2976305081","https://openalex.org/W2979586175","https://openalex.org/W2980385123","https://openalex.org/W2995709807","https://openalex.org/W2998766810","https://openalex.org/W3035545661","https://openalex.org/W3036486380","https://openalex.org/W3045301446","https://openalex.org/W3047330404","https://openalex.org/W3082409355","https://openalex.org/W3084557449","https://openalex.org/W3093271160","https://openalex.org/W3107829216","https://openalex.org/W3112066496","https://openalex.org/W3113269512","https://openalex.org/W3119727716","https://openalex.org/W3122233851","https://openalex.org/W3122756046","https://openalex.org/W3123931404","https://openalex.org/W3124442713","https://openalex.org/W3125052083","https://openalex.org/W3126028999","https://openalex.org/W3147485321","https://openalex.org/W3149829864","https://openalex.org/W3160505792","https://openalex.org/W3164289575","https://openalex.org/W3168610976","https://openalex.org/W3182501931","https://openalex.org/W3196836501","https://openalex.org/W3197062812","https://openalex.org/W3199578576","https://openalex.org/W3200127349","https://openalex.org/W3212184871","https://openalex.org/W4205645625","https://openalex.org/W4210245087","https://openalex.org/W4252825288","https://openalex.org/W4280570730","https://openalex.org/W4285795014","https://openalex.org/W4311054166","https://openalex.org/W4318294130","https://openalex.org/W4322619501","https://openalex.org/W4323029040","https://openalex.org/W4352978079","https://openalex.org/W4367396771","https://openalex.org/W4380050976","https://openalex.org/W4386710142","https://openalex.org/W4388954638","https://openalex.org/W4389773814","https://openalex.org/W4394765059","https://openalex.org/W4411131925","https://openalex.org/W6620074303","https://openalex.org/W6639506407","https://openalex.org/W6728631373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390046109","https://openalex.org/W4411139761","https://openalex.org/W4322619501","https://openalex.org/W7131305205","https://openalex.org/W4293795742","https://openalex.org/W4292285774","https://openalex.org/W4390021895","https://openalex.org/W7000902311","https://openalex.org/W6082286","https://openalex.org/W3119872019"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,126],"United":[1,148],"States":[2],"has":[3],"experienced":[4],"a":[5,73],"tragic":[6],"increase":[7],"in":[8,11,54,72,84,146],"school":[9,92],"shootings":[10],"recent":[12],"years.":[13],"Despite":[14],"substantial":[15,31,82],"media":[16],"attention":[17],"being":[18],"paid":[19],"to":[20,66,111],"such":[21,58],"incidents":[22],"and":[23,88,141],"widespread":[24],"support":[25],"for":[26,134],"stricter":[27],"gun":[28,51,117,144],"control":[29,118],"measures,":[30],"legislative":[32],"action":[33,70],"remains":[34],"absent,":[35],"however.":[36],"To":[37],"make":[38],"sense":[39],"of":[40,50,57,102,116,128,137],"this":[41,43,76,129],"puzzle,":[42],"paper":[44],"focuses":[45],"on":[46],"the":[47,55,67,99,103,112,138,147],"mobilizing":[48],"responses":[49,101,122],"rights":[52],"supporters":[53],"aftermath":[56],"events.":[59],"Using":[60],"granular":[61],"data":[62],"from":[63],"225,000":[64],"donations":[65],"NRA's":[68],"political":[69,105],"committee":[71],"difference-in-differences":[74],"design,":[75],"study":[77,130],"provides":[78],"causal":[79],"estimates":[80],"showing":[81],"increases":[83],"both":[85],"donation":[86],"amounts":[87],"donor":[89],"numbers":[90],"after":[91,107],"shootings.":[93,108],"These":[94],"results":[95,127],"provide":[96],"insight":[97],"into":[98],"counter-mobilizing":[100,121],"pro-gun":[104],"right":[106],"In":[109],"contrast":[110],"typically":[113],"transient":[114],"nature":[115],"movements,":[119],"these":[120],"are":[123],"notably":[124],"durable.":[125],"have":[131],"important":[132],"implications":[133],"our":[135],"understanding":[136],"complexities":[139],"of,":[140],"obstacles":[142],"to,":[143],"regulation":[145],"States.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2023-12-21T00:00:00"}