{"id":"https://openalex.org/W43900201","doi":null,"title":"Environmental risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)","display_name":"Environmental risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W43900201","mag":"43900201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:d-scholarship.pitt.edu:23594","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/23594/1/Marshall_L_Final_ETD_ASD_12_2014.pdf","pdf_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/23594/1/Marshall_L_Final_ETD_ASD_12_2014.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402372","display_name":"D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/23594/1/Marshall_L_Final_ETD_ASD_12_2014.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016472801","display_name":"Lynne Pavlic Marshall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3345-8208","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3345-8208"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lynne P. Marshall","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016472801"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00039573,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14393","display_name":"Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-risk-factors","display_name":"environmental risk factors","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prenatal-exposure","display_name":"prenatal exposure","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollutants","display_name":"air pollutants","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-compounds","display_name":"metal compounds","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arsenic","display_name":"arsenic","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromium","display_name":"chromium","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"lead","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-age","display_name":"maternal age","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-education","display_name":"maternal education","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestational-hypertension","display_name":"gestational hypertension","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cesarean-section","display_name":"cesarean section","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-infection","display_name":"maternal infection","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-emissions","display_name":"industrial emissions","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birth-certificates","display_name":"birth certificates","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asd-etiology","display_name":"ASD etiology","score":0.5360000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778538070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436063","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","level":3,"score":0.6630527973175049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.582328200340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.5754561424255371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.5455559492111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5388983488082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.533193826675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5191880464553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775887326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308829","display_name":"Prenatal care","level":3,"score":0.4739289879798889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68443243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2786686","display_name":"Quartile","level":3,"score":0.4730355441570282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.34790700674057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.1844654679298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.15281954407691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.1478499174118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.07247757911682129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:d-scholarship.pitt.edu:23594","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/23594/1/Marshall_L_Final_ETD_ASD_12_2014.pdf","pdf_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/23594/1/Marshall_L_Final_ETD_ASD_12_2014.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402372","display_name":"D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"mag:43900201","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/23594/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:d-scholarship.pitt.edu:23594","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/23594/1/Marshall_L_Final_ETD_ASD_12_2014.pdf","pdf_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/23594/1/Marshall_L_Final_ETD_ASD_12_2014.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402372","display_name":"D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W43900201.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W43900201.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540872379","https://openalex.org/W1977340595","https://openalex.org/W1978778635","https://openalex.org/W1978850570","https://openalex.org/W1978929144","https://openalex.org/W1981810163","https://openalex.org/W1986315225","https://openalex.org/W1987849729","https://openalex.org/W1988222489","https://openalex.org/W1993541380","https://openalex.org/W1993904294","https://openalex.org/W2012056997","https://openalex.org/W2015336564","https://openalex.org/W2031693092","https://openalex.org/W2032545730","https://openalex.org/W2038599400","https://openalex.org/W2045634296","https://openalex.org/W2047053474","https://openalex.org/W2050947021","https://openalex.org/W2053831665","https://openalex.org/W2065403180","https://openalex.org/W2065961665","https://openalex.org/W2070534968","https://openalex.org/W2081161499","https://openalex.org/W2090084195","https://openalex.org/W2093150351","https://openalex.org/W2095096359","https://openalex.org/W2095446576","https://openalex.org/W2099436735","https://openalex.org/W2100569624","https://openalex.org/W2106643996","https://openalex.org/W2108450591","https://openalex.org/W2112143532","https://openalex.org/W2119855769","https://openalex.org/W2121766620","https://openalex.org/W2125380260","https://openalex.org/W2129852804","https://openalex.org/W2138758331","https://openalex.org/W2141384288","https://openalex.org/W2147185041","https://openalex.org/W2151382043","https://openalex.org/W2167538265","https://openalex.org/W2167684047","https://openalex.org/W2396297005"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3128966637","https://openalex.org/W2317672948","https://openalex.org/W2532937372","https://openalex.org/W2580871841","https://openalex.org/W6960041253","https://openalex.org/W1907612566","https://openalex.org/W3025439578","https://openalex.org/W4390742471","https://openalex.org/W2997239104","https://openalex.org/W2106490877"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Autism":[1,129],"Spectrum":[2],"Disorder":[3],"(ASD)":[4],"is":[5,62,71],"a":[6,307,328,336],"significant":[7,270],"public":[8],"health":[9],"concern.":[10],"The":[11,33,66,142],"prevalence":[12],"rate":[13],"of":[14,18,37,60,68,110,121,174,214,218,225,234,253,310],"this":[15,69,300],"heterogeneous":[16],"group":[17],"neurological":[19],"conditions":[20],"has":[21],"more":[22],"than":[23],"doubled":[24],"in":[25,130,179,262,299,334],"the":[26,29,58,77,90,107,118,150,172,209,222,232,263,288,319],"US":[27],"during":[28,89,166,287],"last":[30],"twenty":[31],"years.":[32],"amount":[34],"and":[35,43,81,84,114,123,134,140,149,199,240,277,327],"cost":[36],"care":[38],"needed":[39],"to":[40,72,76,86,161,221,255,284,293,306,318],"provide":[41],"support":[42],"services":[44],"for":[45,95,127,155,206],"families":[46],"impacted":[47],"by":[48],"ASD":[49,61,99,177,248,273,298,320],"are":[50],"increasing":[51],"as":[52,260,280,282],"well.":[53],"Current":[54],"research":[55,70,304],"suggests":[56],"that":[57,188,313],"etiology":[59],"not":[63],"wholly":[64],"genetic.":[65],"objective":[67],"investigate":[73],"environmental":[74,314],"contributors":[75],"disease.":[78],"Parental,":[79],"prenatal,":[80],"obstetric":[82],"factors":[83,103,205,316],"exposure":[85,165,216,227,283,324],"air":[87,163],"pollutants":[88],"prenatal":[91,289],"period":[92,290],"were":[93,104,136,159,202,242,291],"examined":[94],"potential":[96],"associations":[97],"with":[98,245,272,297],"status.":[100,274],"Methods:":[101],"Risk":[102,125],"extracted":[105],"from":[106,117],"birth":[108,278],"certificates":[109],"singleton":[111],"cases":[112],"(n=198)":[113],"controls":[115,135],"(n=4,801)":[116],"Case-Control":[119],"Study":[120],"Personal":[122],"Environmental":[124],"Factors":[126],"Childhood":[128],"Southwestern":[131],"Pennsylvania.":[132],"Cases":[133],"born":[137],"between":[138],"2005":[139,143],"2009.":[141],"National":[144],"Air":[145],"Toxics":[146],"Assessment":[147],"(NATA)":[148],"Toxic":[151],"Release":[152],"Inventory":[153],"(TRI)":[154],"2004":[156],"\u2013":[157],"2009":[158],"used":[160],"estimate":[162],"pollutant":[164],"pregnancy.":[167],"Logistic":[168],"regression":[169,185],"models":[170],"estimated":[171],"odds":[173],"being":[175,246],"an":[176,247,251,295],"case":[178],"all":[180],"investigations.":[181],"Results:":[182],"Multivariable":[183],"logistic":[184],"modelling":[186],"showed":[187],"increased":[189],"maternal":[190,193,200],"age,":[191],"greater":[192],"education,":[194],"gestational":[195],"hypertension,":[196],"cesarean":[197],"delivery,":[198],"infection":[201],"independent":[203],"risk":[204,315],"ASD.":[207],"In":[208],"analysis":[210,252],"comparing":[211],"higher":[212],"quartiles":[213],"NATA":[215],"estimates":[217],"metal":[219,226,285],"compounds":[220,286],"lowest":[223],"quartile":[224],"at":[228,231],"mother\u2019s":[229],"residence":[230],"time":[233],"her":[235],"child\u2019s":[236],"birth,":[237],"arsenic,":[238],"chromium,":[239],"lead":[241],"significantly":[243],"associated":[244],"case.":[249],"However,":[250,322],"proximity":[254],"chromium":[256],"emitting":[257],"industrial":[258],"sites,":[259],"reported":[261],"TRI,":[264],"uncovered":[265],"no":[266],"elevated":[267],"or":[268],"statistically":[269],"association":[271,296],"Conclusions:":[275],"Maternal":[276],"characteristics":[279],"well":[281],"shown":[292],"have":[294],"case-control":[301],"study.":[302],"This":[303],"adds":[305],"growing":[308],"body":[309],"literature":[311],"suggesting":[312],"contribute":[317],"burden.":[321],"improved":[323],"assessment":[325],"methods":[326],"prospective":[329],"study":[330],"design":[331],"would":[332],"aid":[333],"establishing":[335],"causal":[337],"association.":[338]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}