{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389987461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3345166","title":"REDiP: Ranked Entanglement Distribution Protocol for the Quantum Internet","display_name":"REDiP: Ranked Entanglement Distribution Protocol for the Quantum Internet","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389987461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3345166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3345166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3345166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3345166","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10366853.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10366853.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062504600","display_name":"Leonardo Bacciottini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2319-5256","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2319-5256"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Bacciottini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione (DINFO), University of Florence, Florence, Italy","University of Florence, Florence, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2319-5256","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione (DINFO), University of Florence, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florence, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111512815","display_name":"Luciano Lenzini","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luciano Lenzini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053345601","display_name":"Enzo Mingozzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8876-4176","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8876-4176"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enzo Mingozzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8876-4176","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111976619","display_name":"Giuseppe Anastasi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Anastasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"fwci":0.6195,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69495735,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"397","last_page":"411"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entanglement-distribution","display_name":"entanglement distribution","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entanglement-swapping","display_name":"entanglement swapping","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entanglement-distillation","display_name":"entanglement distillation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-repeaters","display_name":"quantum repeaters","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-internet","display_name":"quantum internet","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-networks","display_name":"quantum networks","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entanglement-fidelity","display_name":"entanglement fidelity","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth-allocation","display_name":"bandwidth allocation","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-teleportation","display_name":"quantum teleportation","score":0.6449999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.7883403301239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.6123275756835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5033988356590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4724971354007721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4240439534187317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.40809544920921326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3004215955734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24706536531448364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1988782286643982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1913498044013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14663603901863098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10606604814529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3345166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3345166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3345166","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10366853.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1218508","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10366853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e111302340a3460daf16b9788b5392fe","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e111302340a3460daf16b9788b5392fe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Vol 5, Pp 397-411 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3345166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3345166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2023.3345166","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8782661/8901158/10366853.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202420","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","issn_l":"2644-125X","issn":["2644-125X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317295","display_name":"Dipartimenti di Eccellenza","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0166hxq48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389987461.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389987461.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982970299","https://openalex.org/W2000446243","https://openalex.org/W2015179126","https://openalex.org/W2017477211","https://openalex.org/W2040960538","https://openalex.org/W2051051926","https://openalex.org/W2063635674","https://openalex.org/W2117593045","https://openalex.org/W2148664983","https://openalex.org/W2154722155","https://openalex.org/W2214536953","https://openalex.org/W2269275502","https://openalex.org/W2750575580","https://openalex.org/W2781738013","https://openalex.org/W2895535891","https://openalex.org/W2954345659","https://openalex.org/W2964062355","https://openalex.org/W2967092875","https://openalex.org/W2981313618","https://openalex.org/W3092074579","https://openalex.org/W3174257961","https://openalex.org/W3185121509","https://openalex.org/W4211174709","https://openalex.org/W4221159797","https://openalex.org/W4226502688","https://openalex.org/W4293146273","https://openalex.org/W4386245237","https://openalex.org/W4387870283"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387870283","https://openalex.org/W4414126719","https://openalex.org/W7128482080","https://openalex.org/W4402508062","https://openalex.org/W4393034222","https://openalex.org/W4414170712","https://openalex.org/W4385267349","https://openalex.org/W4405103487","https://openalex.org/W1666395006","https://openalex.org/W3013743622"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"distribution":[1,29],"of":[2,13,79,120,168,177,214,221,227],"entangled":[3,52],"qubit":[4,19],"pairs":[5],"to":[6,17,44,55,58,83,89,116,135,159,163,206],"end":[7],"nodes":[8],"is":[9,49,77],"the":[10,36,80,100,108,113,118,161,169,212,219],"key":[11],"requirement":[12],"a":[14,31,73,91,175,222],"quantum":[15,23,38,59],"network":[16],"enable":[18],"state":[20],"transmission":[21],"through":[22],"teleportation.":[24],"Existing":[25],"protocols":[26],"for":[27],"entanglement":[28,42,85,124,138],"fix":[30],"specific":[32],"swapping":[33,86,125,139],"order":[34],"on":[35,165,179,187,218],"involved":[37],"repeaters":[39],"and":[40,61,87,123,140,172,190,210,229],"delegate":[41],"purification":[43,88,122,141,201],"upper-layer":[45],"protocols.":[46],"This":[47],"limitation":[48],"problematic":[50],"because":[51],"states":[53],"tend":[54],"degrade":[56],"due":[57],"noise,":[60],"they":[62],"cannot":[63],"be":[64,133,184],"purified":[65],"if":[66],"their":[67],"fidelity":[68],"(i.e.":[69],"quality)":[70],"falls":[71],"below":[72],"certain":[74],"threshold.":[75],"It":[76],"therefore":[78],"utmost":[81],"importance":[82],"co-plan":[84],"achieve":[90],"target":[92],"end-to-end":[93],"fidelity.":[94,230],"In":[95],"this":[96],"work,":[97],"we":[98,173],"present":[99],"Ranked":[101],"Entanglement":[102],"Distribution":[103],"Protocol":[104],"(REDiP),":[105],"which":[106],"overcomes":[107],"aforementioned":[109],"limits":[110],"by":[111,197],"including":[112,143],"\"ranks\"":[114],"mechanism":[115],"configure":[117],"ordering":[119],"both":[121],"steps.":[126],"We":[127,154,203],"show":[128],"how":[129,180],"REDiP":[130,170,181,216],"can":[131,183],"easily":[132],"configured":[134,185],"implement":[136],"custom":[137],"strategies,":[142],"(but":[144],"not":[145],"restricted":[146],"to)":[147],"those":[148],"adopted":[149],"in":[150,225],"two":[151],"recent":[152],"works.":[153],"also":[155],"propose":[156],"an":[157],"algorithm":[158],"estimate":[160],"bandwidth":[162],"allocate":[164],"every":[166],"link":[167],"path,":[171],"provide":[174],"set":[176],"guidelines":[178,194],"ranks":[182],"depending":[186],"user":[188],"requirements":[189],"hardware":[191],"configuration.":[192],"Such":[193],"are":[195],"driven":[196],"original":[198],"insights":[199],"into":[200],"performance.":[202],"conduct":[204],"simulations":[205],"verify":[207],"our":[208],"results":[209],"assess":[211],"impact":[213],"different":[215],"configurations":[217],"performance":[220],"repeater":[223],"network,":[224],"terms":[226],"throughput":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2023-12-21T00:00:00"}