{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389746339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2023030","title":"Pathways towards full use of hydrogen as reductant and fuel","display_name":"Pathways towards full use of hydrogen as reductant and fuel","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389746339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2023030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1051/mattech/2023030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2023030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2023030","pdf_url":"https://www.mattech-journal.org/articles/mattech/pdf/2023/04/mt20230025.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173506","display_name":"Mat\u00e9riaux & Techniques","issn_l":"0032-6895","issn":["0032-6895","1778-3771"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319748","host_organization_name":"EDP Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319748","https://openalex.org/P4310319982"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Sciences","Science Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mat\u00e9riaux & Techniques","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.mattech-journal.org/articles/mattech/pdf/2023/04/mt20230025.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035851788","display_name":"Joachim von Sch\u00e9ele","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142819","display_name":"Linde (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/053d55q96","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142819"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joachim von Sch\u00e9ele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linde GmbH, Carl-von-Linde-Strasse 25, 85716 Unterschleissheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linde GmbH, Carl-von-Linde-Strasse 25, 85716 Unterschleissheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142819"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035851788"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142819"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1623},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1623},"fwci":1.0477,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7273529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"111","issue":"4","first_page":"405","last_page":"405"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11837","display_name":"Iron and Steelmaking Processes","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11837","display_name":"Iron and Steelmaking Processes","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11126","display_name":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11802","display_name":"Chemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen","display_name":"hydrogen","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-steel","display_name":"green steel","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decarbonization","display_name":"decarbonization","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blast-furnace","display_name":"blast furnace","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-reduced-iron","display_name":"direct reduced iron","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-capture","display_name":"CO2 capture","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-fuel","display_name":"hydrogen fuel","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-as-reductant","display_name":"hydrogen as reductant","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coke-oven-gas","display_name":"coke oven gas","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-gasification","display_name":"biomass gasification","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficiency","display_name":"energy efficiency","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-production","display_name":"hydrogen production","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steelmaking","display_name":"steel industry","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain-integration","display_name":"supply chain integration","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-ore-supply","display_name":"iron ore supply","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reheating","display_name":"reheating","score":0.6909999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6129544377326965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.5798465609550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780269488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181485","display_name":"Blast furnace","level":2,"score":0.5351755023002625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512968161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556","display_name":"Hydrogen","level":2,"score":0.5313036441802979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780936489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310667","display_name":"Carbon footprint","level":3,"score":0.45565155148506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.4475303292274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4381723403930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778379663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5037942","display_name":"Carbon capture and storage (timeline)","level":3,"score":0.4344831109046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.43031662702560425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192795","display_name":"Coke","level":2,"score":0.4166054129600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.39761513471603394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.23570865392684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.22556284070014954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20775353908538818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.13695836067199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1051/mattech/2023030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2023030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2023030","pdf_url":"https://www.mattech-journal.org/articles/mattech/pdf/2023/04/mt20230025.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173506","display_name":"Mat\u00e9riaux & Techniques","issn_l":"0032-6895","issn":["0032-6895","1778-3771"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319748","host_organization_name":"EDP Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319748","https://openalex.org/P4310319982"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Sciences","Science Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mat\u00e9riaux & Techniques","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edpsciences.org:dkey/10.1051/mattech/2023030","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mattech-journal.org/10.1051/mattech/2023030/pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.mattech-journal.org/10.1051/mattech/2023030/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400744","display_name":"Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8488066","host_organization_name":"Chiba Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8488066"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2023030","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1051/mattech/2023030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2023030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2023030","pdf_url":"https://www.mattech-journal.org/articles/mattech/pdf/2023/04/mt20230025.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173506","display_name":"Mat\u00e9riaux & Techniques","issn_l":"0032-6895","issn":["0032-6895","1778-3771"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319748","host_organization_name":"EDP Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319748","https://openalex.org/P4310319982"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Sciences","Science Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mat\u00e9riaux & Techniques","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.9853000044822693,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"score":0.7207000255584717,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389746339.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389746339.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2994407078","https://openalex.org/W3106884601","https://openalex.org/W4210599760","https://openalex.org/W4210775871","https://openalex.org/W4213115492","https://openalex.org/W4214576925","https://openalex.org/W4214858698","https://openalex.org/W4233875659","https://openalex.org/W4283031130","https://openalex.org/W4322109848","https://openalex.org/W4380610672","https://openalex.org/W6603917067"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285544123","https://openalex.org/W4320484042","https://openalex.org/W7213346517","https://openalex.org/W4226097332","https://openalex.org/W7149352735","https://openalex.org/W4233875659","https://openalex.org/W4416864440","https://openalex.org/W4416004529","https://openalex.org/W7204272679","https://openalex.org/W4411485392"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,37,65],"transition":[1,149],"to":[2,43,187],"a":[3,8,40,69,75,90,97,208],"green":[4],"steel":[5,102,156],"making":[6],"is":[7,78,118,143,185,236,244],"journey":[9],"over":[10],"decades":[11],"that":[12,215,235,253],"involves":[13],"many":[14],"technologies":[15,142,214],"and":[16,30,56,63,130,167,176],"pathways,":[17],"in":[18,116,125,128,162,220],"most":[19],"scenarios":[20],"with":[21,86,192],"the":[22,35,148,155,196,221],"use":[23,49,57,111,121,225,257],"of":[24,50,58,112,139,164,178,226,258],"hydrogen":[25,60,113,140,259],"\u2212":[26,33],"both":[27],"as":[28,31,34,61,74,114],"reductant":[29,62],"fuel":[32,115],"endgame.":[36],"paper":[38],"describes":[39],"general":[41],"pathway":[42],"decarbonisation":[44],"including":[45],"increased":[46],"energy":[47],"efficiency,":[48],"low":[51],"carbon":[52,54,87,210,242],"fuels,":[53],"capture,":[55],"clean":[59],"fuel.":[64],"possibilities":[66],"for":[67,147,195,230,256],"developing":[68],"greener":[70],"blast":[71,203,239],"furnace":[72],"process":[73],"short-term":[76],"solution,":[77],"discussed.":[79,182],"Combinations":[80],"like":[81,110,202],"direct":[82,232],"reduced":[83,233],"iron":[84,169,234],"production":[85,141],"capture":[88,243],"using":[89],"gasified":[91],"waste":[92],"or":[93,246],"biomass,":[94],"could":[95],"be":[96,134,218],"mid-term":[98,131],"solution":[99],"at":[100],"some":[101,108],"mills.":[103],"Dependent":[104],"on":[105],"location-specific":[106],"conditions":[107],"technologies,":[109],"reheating,":[117],"coming":[119],"into":[120,207,238,248],"already":[122],"now,":[123],"whilst":[124],"other":[126],"areas":[127],"near-":[129],"there":[132],"will":[133],"intermediate":[135],"solutions":[136],"applied.":[137],"Development":[138],"briefly":[144],"described.":[145],"Challenges":[146],"are":[150,181,205,254],"found":[151],"not":[152],"only":[153],"within":[154],"industry":[157],"itself,":[158],"but":[159],"also,":[160],"e.g.,":[161,224],"supply":[163,173],"renewable":[165],"power":[166],"suitable":[168],"ores.":[170],"Moreover,":[171],"potential":[172],"chain":[174],"integrations":[175],"impact":[177],"geographical":[179],"dislocations":[180],"Overall,":[183],"it":[184],"important":[186],"apply":[188],"an":[189],"integrated":[190],"approach":[191],"clear":[193],"milestones":[194],"chosen":[197],"pathway,":[198],"where":[199,241],"existing":[200],"assets":[201],"furnaces":[204,240],"transformed":[206],"lower":[209],"footprint":[211],"operation":[212],"applying":[213],"also":[216],"can":[217],"used":[219],"subsequent":[222],"transition,":[223],"coke":[227],"oven":[228],"gas":[229],"producing":[231],"charged":[237],"applied,":[245],"changing":[247],"more":[249],"energy-efficient":[250],"combustion":[251],"systems":[252],"ready":[255],"when":[260],"viably":[261],"available.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2023-12-15T00:00:00"}