{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389711745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.4643","title":"Citrus/urea nitrogen\u2010doped carbon quantum dots as nanosensors for vanillin determination in infant formula and food products via factorial experimental design fluorimetry and smartphone","display_name":"Citrus/urea nitrogen\u2010doped carbon quantum dots as nanosensors for vanillin determination in infant formula and food products via factorial experimental design fluorimetry and smartphone","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389711745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.4643","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38088021"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/bio.4643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.4643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.4643","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/bio.4643","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19375554","display_name":"Luminescence","issn_l":"1522-7235","issn":["1522-7235","1522-7243"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Luminescence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/bio.4643","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030161707","display_name":"Mohamed Abo El Hamd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9774-0587","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9774-0587"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189575948","display_name":"South Valley University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jxshx33","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189575948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206935292","display_name":"Shaqra University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hawb687","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206935292"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed A. El Hamd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt","Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9774-0587","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189575948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206935292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110728241","display_name":"Mahmoud El\u2010Maghrabey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4661-6612","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4661-6612"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43777268","display_name":"Nagasaki University","ror":"https://ror.org/058h74p94","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43777268"]}],"countries":["EG","JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud El\u2010Maghrabey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt","Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4661-6612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43777268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056786024","display_name":"Saud Almawash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8999-3464","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8999-3464"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206935292","display_name":"Shaqra University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hawb687","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206935292"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saud Almawash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206935292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027815617","display_name":"Aya Saad Radwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4479-7723","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4479-7723"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268078","display_name":"Horus University \u2013 Egypt","ror":"https://ror.org/05qh69251","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268078"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aya Saad Radwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4479-7723","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268078"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074012782","display_name":"Rania Nabih El-Shaheny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8830-4222","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8830-4222"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rania El\u2010Shaheny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019981822","display_name":"Galal Magdy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0543-5065","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0543-5065"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130309236","display_name":"Kafrelsheikh University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a97mm30","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130309236"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Galal Magdy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0543-5065","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130309236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019981822","https://openalex.org/A5030161707","https://openalex.org/A5110728241"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130309236","https://openalex.org/I159247623","https://openalex.org/I189575948","https://openalex.org/I206935292","https://openalex.org/I43777268"],"apc_list":{"value":3040,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3040},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1788,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96186797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11342","display_name":"Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11342","display_name":"Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10180","display_name":"Analytical chemistry methods development","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-doped-carbon-dots","display_name":"nitrogen-doped carbon dots","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-synthesis","display_name":"green synthesis","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urea","display_name":"urea","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-formula","display_name":"infant formula","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-safety","display_name":"food safety","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-based-detection","display_name":"smartphone-based detection","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-by-design","display_name":"quality by design","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factorial-design","display_name":"factorial design","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-additives","display_name":"food additives","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biocompatibility","display_name":"biocompatibility","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-cell-imaging","display_name":"cancer cell imaging","score":0.9900000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777340834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33495","display_name":"Vanillin","level":2,"score":0.9449294805526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119128265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900165","display_name":"Detection limit","level":2,"score":0.6866046190261841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41858301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2327870","display_name":"Nanosensor","level":2,"score":0.5704706311225891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91881484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807","display_name":"Fluorescence","level":2,"score":0.5172441601753235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4912185072898865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.444930762052536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.4369584918022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13965031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545","display_name":"Nuclear chemistry","level":1,"score":0.35924363136291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3567374348640442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.21876049041748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/bio.4643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.4643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.4643","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/bio.4643","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19375554","display_name":"Luminescence","issn_l":"1522-7235","issn":["1522-7235","1522-7243"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Luminescence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38088021","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38088021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Luminescence : the journal of biological and chemical luminescence","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/bio.4643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.4643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.4643","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/bio.4643","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19375554","display_name":"Luminescence","issn_l":"1522-7235","issn":["1522-7235","1522-7243"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Luminescence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.40450000762939453,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324457","display_name":"Shaqra University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hawb687"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389711745.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389711745.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39075548","https://openalex.org/W1971227562","https://openalex.org/W1990571724","https://openalex.org/W2000964072","https://openalex.org/W2009202699","https://openalex.org/W2013970931","https://openalex.org/W2014858249","https://openalex.org/W2023648677","https://openalex.org/W2027667956","https://openalex.org/W2029487294","https://openalex.org/W2031400609","https://openalex.org/W2034195951","https://openalex.org/W2036602271","https://openalex.org/W2045293316","https://openalex.org/W2054659957","https://openalex.org/W2066374897","https://openalex.org/W2077799393","https://openalex.org/W2112662393","https://openalex.org/W2606321681","https://openalex.org/W2618106495","https://openalex.org/W2754790651","https://openalex.org/W2761493091","https://openalex.org/W2762371850","https://openalex.org/W2781931056","https://openalex.org/W2793183054","https://openalex.org/W2861418870","https://openalex.org/W2921331857","https://openalex.org/W2990787753","https://openalex.org/W2997071731","https://openalex.org/W3004292927","https://openalex.org/W3035028232","https://openalex.org/W3038728988","https://openalex.org/W3042690828","https://openalex.org/W3097726886","https://openalex.org/W3119201707","https://openalex.org/W3150316345","https://openalex.org/W3158785918","https://openalex.org/W3164221257","https://openalex.org/W3165041929","https://openalex.org/W3196547469","https://openalex.org/W3206265772","https://openalex.org/W3210195774","https://openalex.org/W4224228679","https://openalex.org/W4281298945","https://openalex.org/W4281699216","https://openalex.org/W4281765678","https://openalex.org/W4281781081","https://openalex.org/W4282830517","https://openalex.org/W4285299923","https://openalex.org/W4306963592","https://openalex.org/W4308275261","https://openalex.org/W4309269915","https://openalex.org/W4310266590","https://openalex.org/W4321439059","https://openalex.org/W4362556977","https://openalex.org/W4365143717","https://openalex.org/W4378470546","https://openalex.org/W4386807713","https://openalex.org/W4387721500","https://openalex.org/W4389962817","https://openalex.org/W6604814722","https://openalex.org/W6678972508","https://openalex.org/W6812678527","https://openalex.org/W6821205821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416818871","https://openalex.org/W4394869656","https://openalex.org/W2992456234","https://openalex.org/W3092346000","https://openalex.org/W3188426042","https://openalex.org/W3097726886","https://openalex.org/W4390295944","https://openalex.org/W4285904192","https://openalex.org/W4386401339","https://openalex.org/W4385444990"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Vanillin":[1],"is":[2,7,35],"a":[3,53,75,111,123,143,151,157],"flavouring":[4],"agent":[5],"that":[6,175],"prohibited":[8],"for":[9,57,164,189,237],"use":[10],"in":[11,43,47,110,137,194,206],"infant":[12,48,195],"food":[13,44],"products":[14],"with":[15,100,142,156,210],"ages":[16],"lower":[17],"than":[18],"6":[19],"months.":[20],"Excessive":[21],"vanillin":[22,42,58,112,136,165,193,204],"usage":[23],"could":[24,134,201],"lead":[25],"to":[26,37,174,215,232],"eating":[27],"disorders,":[28],"nausea,":[29],"headache,":[30],"and":[31,90,162,183,198,200,228],"vomiting.":[32],"Therefore,":[33],"it":[34,229],"essential":[36],"control":[38],"the":[39,91,102,105,138,177,190,207,219,222],"contents":[40],"of":[41,104,145,147,176,192,221],"samples,":[45],"especially":[46],"formula.":[49],"Here,":[50],"we":[51],"developed":[52],"highly":[54,64],"sensitive":[55],"nanosensor":[56],"based":[59],"on":[60],"using":[61,85,122],"green":[62],"synthesized":[63,224],"fluorescent":[65,77],"(QY":[66],"=":[67],"29.5%)":[68],"N\u2010doped":[69,80,132],"carbon":[70],"quantum":[71],"dots":[72],"(N\u2010CQDs)":[73],"as":[74,96],"turn\u2010off":[76],"nanoprobe.":[78],"The":[79,115,131],"CQDs":[81,133],"synthesis":[82],"was":[83,107,160,226,230],"adopted":[84,161],"citrus":[86],"bulb":[87],"squeeze":[88],"extract":[89],"commonly":[92],"used":[93],"fertilizer,":[94],"urea,":[95],"substrates.":[97],"After":[98],"mixing":[99],"vanillin,":[101],"fluorescence":[103],"N\u2010CQDs":[106,225],"largely":[108],"quenched":[109],"concentration\u2010dependent":[113],"manner.":[114],"sensing":[116],"conditions":[117],"were":[118,186],"optimized":[119],"by":[120],"quality\u2010by\u2010design":[121],"two\u2010level":[124],"full":[125],"factorial":[126],"design":[127],"(2":[128],"2":[129],"FFD).":[130],"detect":[135,202],"range":[139],"0.1\u201312.0":[140],"\u03bcg/ml":[141],"limit":[144],"detection":[146,169],"0.013":[148],"\u03bcg/ml.":[149],"Next,":[150],"smartphone":[152],"imaging\u2010based":[153],"assay":[154],"combined":[155],"UV":[158],"chamber":[159],"applied":[163,188],"determination.":[166],"This":[167],"simple":[168],"technique":[170],"showed":[171],"sensitivity":[172],"similar":[173],"conventional":[178,182],"fluorimetric":[179],"method.":[180],"Both":[181],"smartphone\u2010based":[184],"methods":[185],"successfully":[187],"determination":[191],"milk":[196],"formula":[197],"biscuits":[199],"real":[203],"concentrations":[205],"analyzed":[208],"samples":[209],"high":[211],"%":[212],"recoveries":[213],"(94.5%":[214],"105.5%).":[216],"At":[217],"last,":[218],"biocompatibility":[220],"newly":[223],"tested,":[227],"found":[231],"be":[233],"an":[234],"excellent":[235],"candidate":[236],"cancer":[238],"cell":[239],"imaging.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2023-12-14T00:00:00"}