{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389508564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.50205","title":"Association Between Cardiovascular Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease Prevalence and Characteristics in Saudi Arabia","display_name":"Association Between Cardiovascular Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease Prevalence and Characteristics in Saudi Arabia","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389508564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.50205","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38192962"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.50205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.50205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.50205","pdf_url":"https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/original_article/pdf/199167/20231209-9213-o83mq7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/original_article/pdf/199167/20231209-9213-o83mq7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043883788","display_name":"Ahmed A Elheet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1476-8948","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1476-8948"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802668928","display_name":"Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/0332xca13","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113049","display_name":"Armed Forces Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/024eyyq66","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113049"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed A Elheet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU",". Cardiac Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU",". Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU",". College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU",". College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU",". College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Cardiac Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081262447","display_name":"Mohammed A Alosaimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6379-4720","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6379-4720"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802668928","display_name":"Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/0332xca13","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113049","display_name":"Armed Forces Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/024eyyq66","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113049"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed A Alosaimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU",". Cardiac Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU",". Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU",". College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU",". College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU",". College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Cardiac Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093454314","display_name":"Waad A Alalawi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802668928","display_name":"Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/0332xca13","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113049","display_name":"Armed Forces Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/024eyyq66","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113049"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waad A Alalawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU",". Cardiac Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU",". Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU",". College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU",". College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU",". College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Cardiac Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091293244","display_name":"Awadh A Alasmari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802668928","display_name":"Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/0332xca13","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113049","display_name":"Armed Forces Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/024eyyq66","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113049"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Awadh A Alasmari","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU",". Cardiac Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU",". Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU",". College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU",". College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU",". College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Cardiac Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Aeshah Alharbi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802668928","display_name":"Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/0332xca13","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113049","display_name":"Armed Forces Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/024eyyq66","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113049"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aeshah Alharbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU",". Cardiac Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU",". Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU",". College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU",". College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU",". College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Cardiac Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lama Alhumaidan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802668928","display_name":"Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/0332xca13","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113049","display_name":"Armed Forces Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/024eyyq66","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113049"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lama Alhumaidan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU",". Cardiac Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU",". Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU",". College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU",". College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU",". College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Cardiac Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108884581","display_name":"Reuof S Alosaimi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802668928","display_name":"Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/0332xca13","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113049","display_name":"Armed Forces Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/024eyyq66","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113049"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reuof S Alosaimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU",". Cardiac Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU",". Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU",". College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU",". College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU",". College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Cardiac Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030333654","display_name":"Riyadh A Alharthi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802668928","display_name":"Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/0332xca13","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113049","display_name":"Armed Forces Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/024eyyq66","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113049"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riyadh A Alharthi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiac Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU",". Cardiac Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU",". Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU",". College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU",". College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU",". College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiac Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Cardiac Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045031007","display_name":"Hameedullah M. Kazim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802668928","display_name":"Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/0332xca13","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113049","display_name":"Armed Forces Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/024eyyq66","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113049"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hameedullah M Kazim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU",". Cardiac Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU",". Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU",". College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU",". College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU",". College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Cardiac Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Cardiology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4891,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66375272,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"12","first_page":"e50205","last_page":"e50205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10821","display_name":"Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"cardiovascular disease","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-kidney-disease","display_name":"chronic kidney disease","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-disease","display_name":"coronary artery disease","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-dysfunction","display_name":"renal dysfunction","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimated-glomerular-filtration-rate","display_name":"estimated glomerular filtration rate","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ejection-fraction","display_name":"ejection fraction","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk-factors","display_name":"cardiovascular risk factors","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saudi-arabia","display_name":"Saudi Arabia","score":0.7480000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9343026876449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.7326878309249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.6227512955665588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.6071045994758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778213512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Coronary artery disease","level":2,"score":0.603253185749054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5953845977783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159641895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108377937","display_name":"Renal function","level":2,"score":0.5548181533813477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.534704327583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4992804527282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.4753180146217346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.10801872611045837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.50205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.50205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.50205","pdf_url":"https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/original_article/pdf/199167/20231209-9213-o83mq7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38192962","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38192962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10772358","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10772358","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10772358/pdf/cureus-0015-00000050205.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.50205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.50205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.50205","pdf_url":"https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/original_article/pdf/199167/20231209-9213-o83mq7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389508564.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389508564.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987772472","https://openalex.org/W1990735419","https://openalex.org/W1992283514","https://openalex.org/W1997184163","https://openalex.org/W2008774662","https://openalex.org/W2011430059","https://openalex.org/W2015573357","https://openalex.org/W2099154086","https://openalex.org/W2120309176","https://openalex.org/W2122564021","https://openalex.org/W2128661749","https://openalex.org/W2159039256","https://openalex.org/W2299395117","https://openalex.org/W2409564580","https://openalex.org/W2475261460","https://openalex.org/W2785099367","https://openalex.org/W2904356389","https://openalex.org/W2996278891","https://openalex.org/W3020984525","https://openalex.org/W3119183751","https://openalex.org/W3122041227","https://openalex.org/W4207073986","https://openalex.org/W4210242902","https://openalex.org/W4214522967","https://openalex.org/W4254837986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783512720","https://openalex.org/W2076032188","https://openalex.org/W2083366373","https://openalex.org/W2964546465","https://openalex.org/W4320929188","https://openalex.org/W1993006607","https://openalex.org/W1971368128","https://openalex.org/W2099773968","https://openalex.org/W1969803459","https://openalex.org/W612988059"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"Cardiovascular":[1],"disease":[2,7,18,80,224],"(CVD),":[3],"including":[4],"coronary":[5],"artery":[6],"(CAD),":[8],"is":[9,20,68,277],"a":[10,21,58,69,99,104,145,154,258],"leading":[11],"global":[12],"cause":[13],"of":[14,157,289],"death.":[15],"Chronic":[16],"kidney":[17,83],"(CKD)":[19],"significant":[22,269],"risk":[23,33,47,166,273],"factor,":[24],"particularly":[25],"in":[26,54,61,111,118,198],"data-scarce":[27],"Saudi":[28,62],"Arabia,":[29],"due":[30],"to":[31,38,49,215,279],"shared":[32],"factors.":[34,167,274],"A":[35],"study":[36,72,136,238],"aims":[37],"assess":[39],"the":[40,76,182,196,286],"CVD-CKD":[41],"relationship,":[42],"identifying":[43],"clinical":[44],"characteristics":[45],"and":[46,52,81,89,116,153,162,175,188,210,227,251,257,265,291,296],"factors":[48],"improve":[50],"prevention":[51],"care":[53],"this":[55],"context,":[56],"filling":[57],"knowledge":[59],"gap":[60],"Arabia's":[63],"healthcare":[64],"map.":[65],"Methodology":[66],"It":[67],"single-center":[70],"retrospective":[71],"aimed":[73,283],"at":[74,284],"evaluating":[75],"relationship":[77,169],"between":[78,86,170,184,262],"cardiovascular":[79],"chronic":[82],"disease,":[84],"conducted":[85],"January":[87],"2023":[88],"October":[90],"2023.":[91],"Data":[92],"was":[93,109,179],"sourced":[94],"from":[95],"patient":[96,294],"files":[97],"using":[98],"data":[100,108],"sheet":[101],"based":[102],"on":[103,293],"previous":[105],"study.":[106],"The":[107,168],"cleaned":[110],"MS":[112],"Excel":[113],"(Redmond,":[114],"USA)":[115],"analyzed":[117],"IBM":[119,123,132],"Corp.":[120,133],"Released":[121],"2022.":[122],"SPSS":[124],"Statistics":[125],"for":[126],"Windows,":[127],"Version":[128],"29.0.":[129],"Armonk,":[130],"NY:":[131],"Results":[134],"Our":[135,237],"contains":[137],"predominantly":[138],"males":[139],"(61%),":[140],"aged":[141],"61-80":[142],"(54.1%),":[143],"with":[144,204,232,254,271],"normal":[146],"body":[147],"mass":[148],"index":[149],"(BMI)":[150],"(<25)":[151],"(61.5%)":[152],"high":[155],"prevalence":[156],"smoking":[158,163],"(72.3%).":[159],"Diabetes,":[160],"hypertension,":[161],"were":[164,213,230],"prevalent":[165],"CAD":[171,191,233,242],"severity,":[172],"renal":[173,186,216,245],"dysfunction,":[174,217],"ejection":[176],"fraction":[177],"(EF)":[178],"explored,":[180],"emphasizing":[181],"association":[183],"declining":[185],"function":[187,246],"more":[189],"advanced":[190],"stages,":[192],"as":[193,195,241],"well":[194],"decline":[197],"estimated":[199],"glomerular":[200],"filtration":[201],"rate":[202],"(eGFR)":[203],"decreasing":[205,211,228,263,266],"EF.":[206],"Age,":[207],"smoking,":[208,219],"CAD,":[209],"EF":[212,229,264],"linked":[214],"while":[218],"stroke":[220],"history,":[221],"peripheral":[222],"vascular":[223],"(PVD),":[225],"BMI,":[226],"associated":[231],"stage":[234],"severity.":[235],"Conclusion":[236],"explored":[239],"that":[240],"severity":[243],"increases,":[244],"decreases,":[247],"showing":[248],"both":[249],"CVD":[250,290],"CKD":[252,292],"connected":[253],"each":[255],"other,":[256],"similar":[259],"correlation":[260],"occurs":[261],"eGFR,":[267],"revealing":[268],"associations":[270],"various":[272],"Further":[275],"research":[276],"warranted":[278],"explore":[280],"potential":[281],"interventions":[282],"mitigating":[285],"synergistic":[287],"impact":[288],"morbidity":[295],"mortality.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}