{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389479741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0","title":"Inequalities in Resources for Preschool-Age Children by Parental Education: Evidence from Six Advanced Industrialized Countries","display_name":"Inequalities in Resources for Preschool-Age Children by Parental Education: Evidence from Six Advanced Industrialized Countries","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389479741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38064001","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10709535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206495","display_name":"European Journal of Population / Revue europ\u00e9enne de D\u00e9mographie","issn_l":"0168-6577","issn":["0168-6577","1572-9885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Population","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003304547","display_name":"Jane Waldfogel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9213-182X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9213-182X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jane Waldfogel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, 10027-5927, NY, US. j.waldfogel@columbia.edu","Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, 10027-5927, NY, US"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9213-182X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, 10027-5927, NY, US. j.waldfogel@columbia.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, 10027-5927, NY, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055824295","display_name":"Sarah Jiyoon Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6493-6049","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6493-6049"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Jiyoon Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100364916","display_name":"Yi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1486-5051","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1486-5051"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39694355","display_name":"Hunter College","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2xk477","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39694355"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, 10027-5927, NY, US","Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, 10027-5927, NY, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632","https://openalex.org/I39694355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038640948","display_name":"Liz Washbrook","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liz Washbrook","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol, Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088083436","display_name":"Valentina Perinetti Casoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4329-8604","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4329-8604"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentina Perinetti Casoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol, Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025420434","display_name":"Melanie Olczyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5320-9076","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5320-9076"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68956291","display_name":"Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg","ror":"https://ror.org/05gqaka33","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68956291"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melanie Olczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68956291"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050354783","display_name":"Thorsten Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9594-5044","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9594-5044"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thorsten Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leipzig University, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leipzig University, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030883208","display_name":"Lidia Panico","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9291-7622","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9291-7622"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325388108","display_name":"Institut national d'\u00e9tudes d\u00e9mographiques","ror":"https://ror.org/02cnsac56","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325388108"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205092303","display_name":"Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/05fe7ax82","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205092303"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155715","display_name":"Centre de recherche sur les In\u00e9galit\u00e9s Sociales","ror":"https://ror.org/02a4c5q78","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I205092303","https://openalex.org/I4387155715"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lidia Panico","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre de Recherche Sur Les In\u00e9galit\u00e9s Sociales (CRIS), CNRS, Sciences Po, Paris, France","Institut National d'\u00e9tudes D\u00e9mographiques (INED), 93300, Aubervilliers, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de Recherche Sur Les In\u00e9galit\u00e9s Sociales (CRIS), CNRS, Sciences Po, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I205092303","https://openalex.org/I4387155715"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut National d'\u00e9tudes D\u00e9mographiques (INED), 93300, Aubervilliers, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325388108"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006201414","display_name":"Anne Solaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6421-9093","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6421-9093"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325388108","display_name":"Institut national d'\u00e9tudes d\u00e9mographiques","ror":"https://ror.org/02cnsac56","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325388108"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne Solaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut National d'\u00e9tudes D\u00e9mographiques (INED), 93300, Aubervilliers, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut National d'\u00e9tudes D\u00e9mographiques (INED), 93300, Aubervilliers, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325388108"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061122899","display_name":"Sabine Weinert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8341-9821","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8341-9821"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94626330","display_name":"University of Bamberg","ror":"https://ror.org/01c1w6d29","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94626330"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabine Weinert","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94626330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032818982","display_name":"Anna Volodina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2611-2129","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2611-2129"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","display_name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcx6992","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155183","display_name":"Institute for Educational Quality Improvement","ror":"https://ror.org/038t2yw28","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94626330","display_name":"University of Bamberg","ror":"https://ror.org/01c1w6d29","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94626330"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Volodina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Educational Quality Improvement at the Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany","University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Educational Quality Improvement at the Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39343248","https://openalex.org/I4387155183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94626330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027309591","display_name":"Sanneke de la Rie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-7796","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-7796"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","display_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/057w15z03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanneke de la Rie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077789090","display_name":"Renske Keizer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4051-1406","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4051-1406"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","display_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/057w15z03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renske Keizer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077005040","display_name":"Kayo Nozaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5958-0308","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5958-0308"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14314212","display_name":"Osaka University of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04g11bp59","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14314212"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kayo Nozaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka University of Economics, Osaka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University of Economics, Osaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14314212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074767380","display_name":"Jun Yamashita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6678-8182","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6678-8182"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29457043","display_name":"Japan Women's University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpcyk21","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29457043"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Yamashita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29457043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041637629","display_name":"Yuriko Kameyama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6802-8200","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6802-8200"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuriko Kameyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keio University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keio University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068721034","display_name":"Hideo Akabayashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-2895","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-2895"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hideo Akabayashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keio University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keio University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":18,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003304547"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":3.5322,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9212894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"1","first_page":"37","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13888","display_name":"Social Policies and Family","score":0.548799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13888","display_name":"Social Policies and Family","score":0.548799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12088","display_name":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","score":0.17710000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.09279999881982803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-education","display_name":"parental education","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preschool-children","display_name":"preschool children","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-care","display_name":"child care","score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-income","display_name":"household income","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-inequality","display_name":"educational inequality","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-policy","display_name":"social policy","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-regimes","display_name":"welfare regimes","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.5979999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.7083351016044617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5648747682571411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.5239408612251282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.43806272745132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160050368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132453","display_name":"Developed country","level":3,"score":0.4183058738708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165148211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5431887","display_name":"Social inequality","level":3,"score":0.4113251566886902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3483392000198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.27364832162857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2594234347343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2418440282344818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.24107232689857483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21708521246910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.08822724223136902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":11,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206495","display_name":"European Journal of Population / Revue europ\u00e9enne de D\u00e9mographie","issn_l":"0168-6577","issn":["0168-6577","1572-9885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Population","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10709535","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10709535","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10709535/pdf/10680_2023_Article_9685.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eur J Popul","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:38064001","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38064001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.eur.nl:openaire/99b9e096-dbdc-4574-a5a0-818968249c0c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/99b9e096-dbdc-4574-a5a0-818968249c0c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401266","display_name":"EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","host_organization_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Waldfogel, J, Kwon, S J, Wang, Y, Washbrook, L, Casoni, V P, Olczyk, M, Schneider, T, Panico, L, Solaz, A, Weinert, S, Volodina, A, de la Rie, S, Keizer, R, Nozaki, K, Yamashita, J, Kameyama, Y & Akabayashi, H 2023, 'Inequalities in Resources for Preschool-Age Children by Parental Education : Evidence from Six Advanced Industrialized Countries', European Journal of Population, vol. 39, no. 1, 37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire/40b39257-f3f8-4a86-aed9-8031e181ddae","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/40b39257-f3f8-4a86-aed9-8031e181ddae","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Waldfogel, J, Kwon, S J, Wang, Y, Washbrook, L, Casoni, V P, Olczyk, M, Schneider, T, Panico, L, Solaz, A, Weinert, S, Volodina, A, Rie, S D L, Keizer, R, Nozaki, K, Yamashita, J, Kameyama, Y & Akabayashi, H 2023, 'Inequalities in Resources for Preschool-Age Children by Parental Education : Evidence from Six Advanced Industrialized Countries', European Journal of Population, vol. 39, no. 37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04336065v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04336065","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04336065/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:eurpop:v:39:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1007_s10680-023-09685-0","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archined.fr:sk8_WIwBU9Wft_qNBGVt","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12204/sk8_WIwBU9Wft_qNBGVt","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922417","display_name":"Archined","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gesis.izsoz.de:document/98355","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/98355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401996","display_name":"Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS \u2013 Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210101898","host_organization_name":"GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1-31","raw_type":"Zeitschriftenartikel"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/40b39257-f3f8-4a86-aed9-8031e181ddae","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1983/40b39257-f3f8-4a86-aed9-8031e181ddae","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055359","display_name":"Explore Bristol Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Waldfogel, J, Kwon, S J, Wang, Y, Washbrook, L, Casoni, V P, Olczyk, M, Schneider, T, Panico, L, Solaz, A, Weinert, S, Volodina, A, Rie, S D L, Keizer, R, Nozaki, K, Yamashita, J, Kameyama, Y & Akabayashi, H 2023, 'Inequalities in Resources for Preschool-Age Children by Parental Education : Evidence from Six Advanced Industrialized Countries', European Journal of Population, vol. 39, no. 37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.25673/115232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25673/115232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25673/115232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401651","display_name":"Digitalen Hochschulbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt (Universit\u00e4ts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210122374","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e4ts Frauenklinik","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122374"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10680-023-09685-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206495","display_name":"European Journal of Population / Revue europ\u00e9enne de D\u00e9mographie","issn_l":"0168-6577","issn":["0168-6577","1572-9885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Population","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9629999995231628,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G275950115","display_name":"The Development of Inequalities in Child Educational Achievement: A Six Country Study","funder_award_id":"ANR-18-ORAR-0001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4272915635","display_name":"Research on Educational Inequality in the Post-COVID-19 Era: Investigating Global Issues Through Innovation of Online Survey and Experimental Methods","funder_award_id":"21H04982","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4529549238","display_name":"Plateforme de REcherche sur les COhortes d'enfants suivis depuis la NAIssance","funder_award_id":"ANR-11-EQPX-0038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5793364523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SCHN 1116/1-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G622407967","display_name":"Structure and change of broader inequality since the COVID-19 crisis: Economics research based on household panel data","funder_award_id":"22H04911","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6305743154","display_name":"Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Job Transfers on Families","funder_award_id":"20K01707","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6733827016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"464.18.102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7407287409","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WE 1478/12-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8581823887","display_name":"ORA (Round 5) The Development of Inequalities in Child Educational Achievement: A Six Country Study","funder_award_id":"ES/S015191/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389479741.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389479741.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28030326","https://openalex.org/W190746005","https://openalex.org/W275443845","https://openalex.org/W563874280","https://openalex.org/W1486994017","https://openalex.org/W1537259130","https://openalex.org/W1548714850","https://openalex.org/W1594844373","https://openalex.org/W1597774618","https://openalex.org/W1737861481","https://openalex.org/W1766956524","https://openalex.org/W1791234102","https://openalex.org/W1879408005","https://openalex.org/W1933869448","https://openalex.org/W1950221613","https://openalex.org/W1975703143","https://openalex.org/W1982687266","https://openalex.org/W1998772789","https://openalex.org/W2007776499","https://openalex.org/W2013267148","https://openalex.org/W2031503474","https://openalex.org/W2045435609","https://openalex.org/W2047605214","https://openalex.org/W2050931047","https://openalex.org/W2054358207","https://openalex.org/W2064459362","https://openalex.org/W2070368124","https://openalex.org/W2085164017","https://openalex.org/W2092718166","https://openalex.org/W2096058521","https://openalex.org/W2099959725","https://openalex.org/W2103885102","https://openalex.org/W2107669589","https://openalex.org/W2110350926","https://openalex.org/W2113820673","https://openalex.org/W2122850857","https://openalex.org/W2123335560","https://openalex.org/W2132486671","https://openalex.org/W2133470535","https://openalex.org/W2133497765","https://openalex.org/W2143996567","https://openalex.org/W2144467052","https://openalex.org/W2151656592","https://openalex.org/W2157465110","https://openalex.org/W2160550894","https://openalex.org/W2161629007","https://openalex.org/W2171160244","https://openalex.org/W2250131611","https://openalex.org/W2271013680","https://openalex.org/W2280586107","https://openalex.org/W2314865369","https://openalex.org/W2433431180","https://openalex.org/W2501694494","https://openalex.org/W2509139946","https://openalex.org/W2590697691","https://openalex.org/W2731038868","https://openalex.org/W2800551080","https://openalex.org/W2902308461","https://openalex.org/W2904824806","https://openalex.org/W2920392769","https://openalex.org/W2951725128","https://openalex.org/W2989923432","https://openalex.org/W2995502063","https://openalex.org/W3026044411","https://openalex.org/W3121530412","https://openalex.org/W3126818884","https://openalex.org/W3135081513","https://openalex.org/W3192942670","https://openalex.org/W4238003797","https://openalex.org/W4247140771","https://openalex.org/W4250018098","https://openalex.org/W4252882577","https://openalex.org/W6615912066","https://openalex.org/W6930036139","https://openalex.org/W7015673475","https://openalex.org/W7081546572"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7045670064","https://openalex.org/W2529623952","https://openalex.org/W2508487116","https://openalex.org/W2530743236","https://openalex.org/W2185708849","https://openalex.org/W3009473527","https://openalex.org/W4296962930","https://openalex.org/W2738752282","https://openalex.org/W1519605387","https://openalex.org/W4404925390"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"provides":[2],"new":[3],"evidence":[4,163],"on":[5,102,172,226],"inequalities":[6,40,68,181,192,206],"in":[7,41,69,78,115,198,219],"resources":[8,45,70,103,166,227],"for":[9,46,94,104,167,228],"children":[10,105,169],"age":[11],"3-4":[12],"by":[13,71,108,184],"parental":[14,58,60,72,100,125,224],"education":[15,73,101,126,174,225],"using":[16],"harmonized":[17],"data":[18],"from":[19],"six":[20,200],"advanced":[21],"industrialized":[22],"countries-United":[23],"States,":[24],"United":[25],"Kingdom,":[26],"France,":[27],"Germany,":[28],"Netherlands,":[29],"and":[30,50,62,175],"Japan-that":[31],"represent":[32],"different":[33],"social":[34,81,110,185,214],"welfare":[35],"regime":[36],"types.":[37],"We":[38,65,118,156,187],"analyze":[39],"two":[42,54,149],"types":[43],"of":[44,57,99,124,145,151,159,196,204,223],"young":[47,168],"children-family":[48],"income,":[49],"center-based":[51],"child":[52,137],"care-applying":[53],"alternative":[55],"measures":[56],"education-highest":[59],"education,":[61],"maternal":[63],"education.":[64],"hypothesize":[66],"that":[67,121,189,213],"will":[74],"be":[75,86],"less":[76],"pronounced":[77],"countries":[79],"where":[80],"policies":[82],"are":[83,130,140,182,193],"designed":[84],"to":[85,178],"more":[87],"equalizing.":[88],"The":[89],"results":[90,211],"provide":[91,157],"partial":[92],"support":[93],"this":[95],"hypothesis:":[96],"the":[97,109,122,143,148,160,176,202,210,221],"influence":[98,222],"does":[106],"vary":[107,170],"policy":[111,215],"context,":[112],"although":[113],"not":[114],"all":[116,199],"cases.":[117],"also":[119],"find":[120,188],"measurement":[123],"matters:":[127],"income":[128],"disparities":[129,139],"smaller":[131],"under":[132],"a":[133,194,217],"maternal-only":[134],"definition":[135],"whereas":[136],"care":[138],"larger.":[141],"Moreover,":[142,209],"degree":[144],"divergence":[146],"between":[147],"sets":[150],"estimates":[152],"differs":[153],"across":[154],"countries.":[155],"some":[158],"first":[161],"systematic":[162],"about":[164],"how":[165],"depending":[171],"parents'":[173],"extent":[177,203],"which":[179],"such":[180],"buffered":[183],"policies.":[186],"while":[190],"early":[191],"fact":[195],"life":[197],"countries,":[201],"those":[205],"varies":[207],"considerably.":[208],"suggest":[212],"plays":[216],"role":[218],"moderating":[220],"children.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2023-12-09T00:00:00"}