{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389099863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.129","title":"The Relationship between Social Factors and Criminal Behavior Among Youth Offenders in Kakamega GK Prison in Kakamega County, Kenya","display_name":"The Relationship between Social Factors and Criminal Behavior Among Youth Offenders in Kakamega GK Prison in Kakamega County, Kenya","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389099863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.51867/ajernet.4.2.129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.129","pdf_url":"https://ajernet.net/ojs/index.php/ajernet/article/download/230/191","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227203","display_name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","issn_l":"2709-2607","issn":["2709-2607"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405259950","host_organization_name":"AJER Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259950"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ajernet.net/ojs/index.php/ajernet/article/download/230/191","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093359646","display_name":"Zebedee Ekwenye Otte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5218-6922","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5218-6922"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106600","display_name":"Kibabii University","ror":"https://ror.org/0111z3553","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106600"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zebedee Ekwenye Otte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lecturer, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Kibabii University, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lecturer, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Kibabii University, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106600"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009187338","display_name":"Ruth Naliaka Simiyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5557-1721","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5557-1721"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88132101","display_name":"Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02tpk0p14","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88132101"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruth Naliaka Simiyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior lecturer, Department of Peace and Conflict Studies, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior lecturer, Department of Peace and Conflict Studies, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88132101"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5757,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68593393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"1282","last_page":"1287"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13101","display_name":"Legal and Social Justice Studies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-delinquency","display_name":"juvenile delinquency","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-factors","display_name":"socioeconomic factors","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-offenders","display_name":"juvenile offenders","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-pressure","display_name":"peer pressure","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substance-abuse","display_name":"substance abuse","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parenting","display_name":"parenting","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-households","display_name":"low-income households","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-and-employment","display_name":"education and employment","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-reduction","display_name":"poverty reduction","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-rehabilitation","display_name":"juvenile rehabilitation","score":0.46700000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100363876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690661","display_name":"Nonprobability sampling","level":3,"score":0.7458496689796448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49898467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1517706","display_name":"Stratified sampling","level":2,"score":0.6162761449813843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5933389067649841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776289891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931511","display_name":"Neglect","level":2,"score":0.5630755424499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778722457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q784843","display_name":"Peer pressure","level":2,"score":0.5562013983726501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.523655116558075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780656516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40357","display_name":"Prison","level":2,"score":0.5192013382911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.4605850577354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71376074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1001125","display_name":"Juvenile delinquency","level":2,"score":0.4536251425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.41981449723243713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.34947943687438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.2922312617301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.25002479553222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.16315197944641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1280072033405304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.12692990899085999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12200585007667542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.10992670059204102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.10415366291999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.51867/ajernet.4.2.129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.129","pdf_url":"https://ajernet.net/ojs/index.php/ajernet/article/download/230/191","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227203","display_name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","issn_l":"2709-2607","issn":["2709-2607"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405259950","host_organization_name":"AJER Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259950"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.51867/ajernet.4.2.129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.129","pdf_url":"https://ajernet.net/ojs/index.php/ajernet/article/download/230/191","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227203","display_name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","issn_l":"2709-2607","issn":["2709-2607"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405259950","host_organization_name":"AJER Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259950"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Empirical Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.8928999900817871},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5676000118255615}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389099863.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389099863.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2190970787","https://openalex.org/W2477672253","https://openalex.org/W2993697179","https://openalex.org/W3033453673","https://openalex.org/W3210756435","https://openalex.org/W4313446541","https://openalex.org/W4321604870"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391540645","https://openalex.org/W7118020637","https://openalex.org/W7219521659","https://openalex.org/W2769861142","https://openalex.org/W4410152753","https://openalex.org/W1493993227","https://openalex.org/W7066617038","https://openalex.org/W6968254559","https://openalex.org/W2726407617","https://openalex.org/W7124692700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,89,110,124],"aim":[1],"of":[2,10,107,228],"this":[3],"study":[4,158],"was":[5,23,68,164],"to":[6,59,70,141,175,183,194,208,217,224,247,259,269,279,286],"examine":[7],"the":[8,26,61,64,98,157,176,209,212,226,270,281],"impact":[9],"socioeconomic":[11,213],"factors":[12],"on":[13,87],"teenage":[14],"criminal":[15,144,162,197,218,250,266],"conduct.":[16],"A":[17],"descriptive":[18,118],"and":[19,32,40,53,112,120,135,153,171,189,204,239,256,275,284],"evaluative":[20],"research":[21,91],"design":[22],"used":[24,29,58,93,101],"in":[25,143,196,290],"study.":[27],"We":[28],"both":[30],"probability":[31,44],"non-probability":[33],"sampling":[34,37,45,55,67],"approaches.":[35],"Non-probability":[36],"included":[38,46],"deliberate":[39],"convenient":[41],"sampling,":[42],"whereas":[43,97],"proportionate":[47],"stratified":[48],"random":[49],"sampling.":[50],"Both":[51],"probabilistic":[52],"non-probabilistic":[54],"strategies":[56],"were":[57,85,115,138,181,191],"pick":[60],"sample":[62],"for":[63,243],"investigation.":[65],"Purposive":[66],"utilized":[69],"identify":[71],"200":[72],"adolescent":[73],"offenders":[74],"undertaking":[75],"rehabilitation":[76],"at":[77,233],"Kakamega":[78],"GK":[79],"Prison,":[80],"where":[81],"previous":[82],"offenders'":[83],"records":[84],"already":[86],"file.":[88],"quantitative":[90],"method":[92,100],"a":[94,105],"survey":[95,108,111],"questionnaire,":[96],"qualitative":[99,177],"semi-structured":[102],"interviews":[103],"with":[104,132,151,166],"subsample":[106],"respondents.":[109],"interview":[113],"data":[114],"analyzed":[116],"using":[117],"statistics":[119],"thematic":[121],"analysis,":[122,178],"respectively.":[123],"findings":[125],"found":[126,159],"that":[127,160,215,288],"juveniles":[128,221],"from":[129,148],"low-income":[130,260,291],"homes":[131],"no":[133,136],"education":[134,152],"employment":[137],"more":[139,192],"likely":[140,193],"engage":[142,195],"activity":[145,198],"than":[146,199],"those":[147,200],"higher-income":[149],"families":[150,261],"employment.":[154],"In":[155],"addition,":[156],"juvenile":[161,249],"behavior":[163],"associated":[165],"peer":[167],"pressure,":[168],"substance":[169],"misuse,":[170],"inadequate":[172],"parenting.":[173],"According":[174,207,268],"teenagers":[179],"who":[180,201],"subjected":[182],"bad":[184],"parenting,":[185],"such":[186],"as":[187],"neglect":[188],"abuse,":[190],"had":[202],"supportive":[203],"caring":[205],"parents.":[206],"study,":[210,271],"addressing":[211],"variables":[214],"contribute":[216],"conduct":[219],"among":[220],"is":[222],"critical":[223,246],"reducing":[225,248],"frequency":[227],"young":[229,265],"crime.":[230],"Policies":[231],"aiming":[232],"lowering":[234],"poverty,":[235],"boosting":[236],"educational":[237],"possibilities,":[238],"providing":[240],"job":[241],"prospects":[242],"youths":[244],"are":[245],"behavior.":[251,267],"Furthermore,":[252],"enhancing":[253],"parenting":[254],"skills":[255],"offering":[257],"support":[258],"can":[262],"help":[263],"reduce":[264],"governments,":[272],"community":[273],"leaders,":[274],"parents":[276],"must":[277],"collaborate":[278],"offer":[280],"necessary":[282],"assistance":[283],"resources":[285],"ensure":[287],"adolescents":[289],"communities":[292],"do":[293],"not":[294],"fall":[295],"behind.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2023-11-29T00:00:00"}