{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389094232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.24.23299009","title":"Risk Factor Profile in Different Subtypes of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Observational Study","display_name":"Risk Factor Profile in Different Subtypes of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Observational Study","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389094232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.24.23299009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/2023.11.24.23299009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.24.23299009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.24.23299009","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2023/11/27/2023.11.24.23299009.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2023/11/27/2023.11.24.23299009.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074487163","display_name":"Rajkamal Chaudhari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165080","display_name":"Smt. N.H.L. Municipal Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/05rz49z56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165080"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rajkamal Chaudhari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Smt. NHLMMC, Ahmedabad, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Smt. NHLMMC, Ahmedabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165080"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114135937","display_name":"Amrita Parikh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165080","display_name":"Smt. N.H.L. Municipal Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/05rz49z56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165080"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amrita Parikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Smt. NHLMMC, Ahmedabad, India","Smt. NHLMMC, Ahmedabad, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Smt. NHLMMC, Ahmedabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165080"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smt. NHLMMC, Ahmedabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165080"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031176644","display_name":"Yagnya D Dalal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-4365","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-4365"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260799","display_name":"GCS Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s68q83","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089564","https://openalex.org/I4405260799"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yagnya Dalal","raw_affiliation_strings":["GCS Medical College, Ahmedabad, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-4365","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GCS Medical College, Ahmedabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042643911","display_name":"Dev Himanshubhai Desai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3014-5019","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3014-5019"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165080","display_name":"Smt. N.H.L. Municipal Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/05rz49z56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165080"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dev Desai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smt. NHLMMC, Ahmedabad, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3014-5019","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smt. NHLMMC, Ahmedabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165080"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034783056","display_name":"Ami P. Parikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1163-5269","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1163-5269"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165080","display_name":"Smt. N.H.L. Municipal Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/05rz49z56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165080"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ami Parikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Smt. NHLMMC, Ahmedabad, India","Smt. NHLMMC, Ahmedabad, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1163-5269","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Smt. NHLMMC, Ahmedabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165080"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smt. NHLMMC, Ahmedabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165080"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074487163"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165080"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10227","display_name":"Acute Ischemic Stroke Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10227","display_name":"Acute Ischemic Stroke Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10816","display_name":"Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11763","display_name":"Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-ischemic-stroke","display_name":"acute ischemic stroke","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke-subtypes","display_name":"stroke subtypes","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toast-classification","display_name":"TOAST classification","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke-risk-factors","display_name":"stroke risk factors","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyslipidemia","display_name":"dyslipidemia","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/valvular-heart-disease","display_name":"valvular heart disease","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrial-fibrillation","display_name":"atrial fibrillation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-stroke-patients","display_name":"young stroke patients","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke-prevention","display_name":"stroke prevention","score":0.5740000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8651642799377441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778096610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476525","display_name":"Dyslipidemia","level":3,"score":0.6886610388755798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6745916604995728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779161974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815819","display_name":"Atrial fibrillation","level":2,"score":0.6559606194496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.6472614407539368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.6452355980873108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.5488340854644775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5106127858161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.48149335384368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777785397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492194","display_name":"Group B","level":2,"score":0.4694851040840149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12202","display_name":"Ischemic stroke","level":3,"score":0.44531187415122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777185221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275466","display_name":"Embolism","level":2,"score":0.44188350439071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4267692565917969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541997718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188151","display_name":"Ischemia","level":2,"score":0.17689046263694763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1101/2023.11.24.23299009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.24.23299009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.24.23299009","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2023/11/27/2023.11.24.23299009.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/2023.11.24.23299009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.24.23299009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.24.23299009","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2023/11/27/2023.11.24.23299009.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389094232.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389094232.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53780011","https://openalex.org/W1963512725","https://openalex.org/W1978844801","https://openalex.org/W2007559306","https://openalex.org/W2016014499","https://openalex.org/W2025708711","https://openalex.org/W2076977307","https://openalex.org/W2138595885","https://openalex.org/W2167619170","https://openalex.org/W2276017074","https://openalex.org/W2411257380","https://openalex.org/W2469770162","https://openalex.org/W2488953036","https://openalex.org/W2505498471","https://openalex.org/W2536165533","https://openalex.org/W2610125019","https://openalex.org/W2941903190","https://openalex.org/W3168579839","https://openalex.org/W4243843543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7071695819","https://openalex.org/W2411257380","https://openalex.org/W2469770162","https://openalex.org/W4207042737","https://openalex.org/W2027671278","https://openalex.org/W2016014499","https://openalex.org/W4319158571","https://openalex.org/W2380116187","https://openalex.org/W2076977307","https://openalex.org/W7123348329"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Introduction":[1],"Acute":[2],"ischemic":[3,36,48,80],"stroke":[4,37,49,81,279],"is":[5],"a":[6,68,276],"major":[7],"subtype":[8,175],"of":[9,15,46,54,137,205,268],"acute":[10,47,79],"stroke.":[11,32],"More":[12],"than":[13],"65%":[14],"stroke-related":[16],"deaths":[17],"occur":[18],"in":[19,67,161,179,186,209,217,238,284],"developing":[20],"countries.":[21],"Various":[22],"modifiable":[23],"and":[24,50,100,126,150,182,189,231,241,256,271,293],"non-modifiable":[25],"risk":[26,56,199,269,282],"factors":[27,57,270,283],"are":[28],"associated":[29],"with":[30],"the":[31,52,135,197,248,261,288],"TOAST":[33,111],"classification":[34],"categorizes":[35],"into":[38,88],"five":[39],"etiologic":[40],"subgroups.":[41],"Aims":[42],"To":[43],"identify":[44],"subtypes":[45,107],"compare":[51],"influence":[53],"various":[55],"on":[58,278],"them.":[59],"Methodology":[60],"A":[61,128,202,211],"prospective":[62],"observational":[63],"study":[64,146],"was":[65,115,131,141,171,176,196,207],"conducted":[66],"tertiary":[69],"care":[70],"teaching":[71],"hospital.":[72],"200":[73],"consecutive":[74],"patients":[75,286],"diagnosed":[76],"as":[77,124],"having":[78],"were":[82,86,108,122,244],"randomly":[83],"enrolled.":[84],"Patients":[85],"categorized":[87],"3":[89],"groups-Group":[90],"A:":[91],"18-39":[92],"years":[93,98,104],"(17%);":[94],"Group":[95,101,162,180,187,210,218],"B:":[96],"40-60":[97],"(20%)":[99],"C:":[102],">60":[103],"(63%).":[105],"Stroke":[106],"ascertained":[109],"using":[110],"classification.":[112],"Data":[113],"analysis":[114],"done.":[116],"For":[117],"categorical":[118],"variables,":[119],"data":[120],"values":[121],"represented":[123],"numbers":[125],"percentages.":[127],"chi-square":[129],"test":[130],"applied":[132],"to":[133,247,260],"find":[134],"level":[136],"significance.":[138],"p":[139,213,221,228,235],"value<0.05":[140],"considered":[142],"significant.":[143],"Results":[144],"The":[145,173],"included":[147],"136":[148],"men":[149],"64":[151],"women.":[152],"Overall":[153],"male":[154,249],"dominance":[155,166],"(Male:":[156,167],"Female":[157,168],"=":[158,169,214,222,229,236,252],"2.125:1),":[159],"while":[160],"A,":[163,181],"strong":[164],"female":[165,262],"1:4.67)":[170],"observed.":[172],"commonest":[174,198],"embolism":[177],"(29.4%)":[178],"small":[183],"vessel":[184],"disease":[185,226,259],"B,":[188],"C":[190],"((30%":[191],"&":[192],"46.03%":[193],"respectively).":[194],"Hypertension":[195],"factor":[200],"(62%).":[201],"higher":[203],"incidence":[204],"hypertension":[206],"found":[208],"(73.02%,":[212],"0.002),":[215],"dyslipidemia":[216],"B":[219],"(45%,":[220],"0.004),":[223],"valvular":[224,257],"heart":[225,258],"(29.4%,":[227,234],"0.00001),":[230],"atrial":[232],"fibrillation":[233],"0.005)":[237],"Group-C.":[239],"Smoking":[240],"diabetes":[242],"mellitus":[243],"strongly":[245],"related":[246],"gender":[250,263],"(p":[251],"0.000001,":[253],"p=0.002":[254],"respectively)":[255],"(p=":[264],"0.0002).":[265],"Conclusions":[266],"Awareness":[267],"lifestyle":[272],"modifications":[273],"may":[274],"have":[275],"bearing":[277],"prevention.":[280],"Cardiovascular":[281],"young":[285],"mandate":[287],"need":[289],"for":[290],"robust":[291],"prevention":[292],"screening.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2023-11-29T00:00:00"}