{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389065638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asdj.2023.246199.1194","title":"Smear Layer Removal Using Different Nickel-Titanium Rotary Systems: (An in vitro study)","display_name":"Smear Layer Removal Using Different Nickel-Titanium Rotary Systems: (An in vitro study)","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389065638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asdj.2023.246199.1194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21608/asdj.2023.246199.1194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asdj.2023.246199.1194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asdj.2023.246199.1194","pdf_url":"https://asdj.journals.ekb.eg/article_325775_2658ed24e7d13a8339c3e27961fb3bf5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237983","display_name":"Ain Shams Dental Journal","issn_l":"1110-7642","issn":["1110-7642","2735-5039"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324277456","host_organization_name":"TechKnowledge General Trading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324277456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["TechKnowledge General Trading"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ain Shams Dental Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://asdj.journals.ekb.eg/article_325775_2658ed24e7d13a8339c3e27961fb3bf5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001769134","display_name":"Mohamed M. Eltayeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7178-2271","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7178-2271"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151980","display_name":"Badr University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/04tbvjc27","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151980"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed El-Tayeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151980"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rasha Sameh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165376","display_name":"October 6 University","ror":"https://ror.org/05y06tg49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165376"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasha Sameh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Endodontic department, October 6 University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endodontic department, October 6 University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165376"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073035567","display_name":"Mohamed Nabeel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-0929","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-0929"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Nabeel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dental and Oral Medicine, International University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dental and Oral Medicine, International University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"4","first_page":"44","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10536","display_name":"Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10536","display_name":"Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10113","display_name":"Dental materials and restorations","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11570","display_name":"Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smear-layer-removal","display_name":"smear layer removal","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nickel-titanium-rotary-systems","display_name":"nickel-titanium rotary systems","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protaper-gold","display_name":"ProTaper Gold","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyflex-edm","display_name":"HyFlex EDM","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-canal-preparation","display_name":"root canal instrumentation","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-canal-cleaning-and-shaping","display_name":"root canal cleaning and shaping","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-rooted-teeth","display_name":"single-rooted teeth","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-canal-irrigants","display_name":"root canal irrigants","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-lasers","display_name":"dental lasers","score":0.7749999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504270822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744","display_name":"Nickel","level":2,"score":0.7225807309150696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160798091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5459028","display_name":"Nickel titanium","level":3,"score":0.5870636701583862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5543934106826782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506065880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716","display_name":"Titanium","level":2,"score":0.5362699627876282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.475723534822464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.40622833371162415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.15999948978424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49097943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898455","display_name":"Shape-memory alloy","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21608/asdj.2023.246199.1194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asdj.2023.246199.1194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asdj.2023.246199.1194","pdf_url":"https://asdj.journals.ekb.eg/article_325775_2658ed24e7d13a8339c3e27961fb3bf5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237983","display_name":"Ain Shams Dental Journal","issn_l":"1110-7642","issn":["1110-7642","2735-5039"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324277456","host_organization_name":"TechKnowledge General Trading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324277456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["TechKnowledge General Trading"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ain Shams Dental Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21608/asdj.2023.246199.1194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asdj.2023.246199.1194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asdj.2023.246199.1194","pdf_url":"https://asdj.journals.ekb.eg/article_325775_2658ed24e7d13a8339c3e27961fb3bf5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237983","display_name":"Ain Shams Dental Journal","issn_l":"1110-7642","issn":["1110-7642","2735-5039"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324277456","host_organization_name":"TechKnowledge General Trading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324277456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["TechKnowledge General Trading"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ain Shams Dental Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389065638.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389065638.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984610092","https://openalex.org/W2065897968","https://openalex.org/W2127922635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210695370","https://openalex.org/W4300497908","https://openalex.org/W2932843091","https://openalex.org/W4408055762","https://openalex.org/W2957723899","https://openalex.org/W2961587347","https://openalex.org/W4403049260","https://openalex.org/W3008212446","https://openalex.org/W2320147696","https://openalex.org/W4302344256"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aim:":[0],"to":[1,37,60],"assess":[2],"the":[3,6,38,61,79,91,107,116,123,126,132,146,149],"removal":[4,130,147],"of":[5,66,82,94,125,131,148],"smear":[7,67,84,96,133,150],"layer":[8,68,85,134],"using":[9],"Protaper":[10],"Gold":[11],"(PTG),":[12],"HyFlex":[13],"EDM":[14],"(HEDM)":[15],"and":[16,27,44,159],"K3XF.":[17,55],"Methodology:":[18],"Forty-five":[19],"extracted":[20],"human":[21],"permanent":[22],"single-rooted":[23],"teeth":[24],"were":[25,57],"selected":[26],"randomly":[28],"divided":[29],"into":[30],"three":[31,108],"experimental":[32],"groups":[33],"(n=15":[34],"each)":[35],"according":[36,59],"rotary":[39],"system":[40],"used":[41],"during":[42],"cleaning":[43],"shaping":[45],"procedure.":[46],"Group":[47],"1:":[48],"PTG;":[49],"group":[50,53],"2,":[51],"HEDM;":[52],"3,":[54],"Samples":[56],"instrumented":[58],"manufacturer":[62],"instructions.":[63],"The":[64],"presence":[65],"was":[69,100],"evaluated":[70],"under":[71],"scanning":[72],"electron":[73],"microscope":[74],"(SEM).":[75],"Results:":[76],"K3XF":[77],"showed":[78,90],"least":[80],"amount":[81,93],"remaining":[83,95],"followed":[86],"by":[87],"PTG.":[88],"HEDM":[89],"highest":[92],"layer.":[97],"Statistically,":[98],"there":[99],"significant":[101],"difference":[102],"either":[103],"in":[104,118,145],"comparison":[105],"between":[106,112],"tested":[109],"systems":[110,158],"or":[111],"different":[113],"location":[114],"on":[115],"root":[117,139],"each":[119],"group.":[120],"Conclusions:":[121],"Under":[122],"condition":[124],"current":[127],"study,":[128],"complete":[129],"cannot":[135],"be":[136,166],"achieved":[137],"with":[138,162],"canal":[140],"instrumentation":[141],"solely.":[142],"To":[143],"aid":[144],"layer,":[151],"additional":[152],"strategies":[153],"such":[154],"as":[155],"dental":[156],"laser":[157],"irrigating":[160],"solutions":[161],"tissue-dissolving":[163],"capabilities":[164],"should":[165],"employed.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2023-11-28T00:00:00"}