{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389044697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipack2023-111725","title":"Computational Analysis of Thermal Performance of Water-Cooled Cold Plate for Chips With Hotspots","display_name":"Computational Analysis of Thermal Performance of Water-Cooled Cold Plate for Chips With Hotspots","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389044697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipack2023-111725"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1115/ipack2023-111725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipack2023-111725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipack2023-111725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407088218","display_name":"ASME International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems (InterPACK)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ASME 2023 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045524771","display_name":"Mahdi Farahikia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0867-868X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0867-868X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157455823","display_name":"SUNY New Paltz","ror":"https://ror.org/03j3dv688","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahdi Farahikia","raw_affiliation_strings":["SUNY New Paltz , New Paltz, New York, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SUNY New Paltz , New Paltz, New York, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017449566","display_name":"Ping-Chuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6643-8086","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6643-8086"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157455823","display_name":"SUNY New Paltz","ror":"https://ror.org/03j3dv688","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping-Chuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["SUNY New Paltz , New Paltz, New York, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SUNY New Paltz , New Paltz, New York, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8023,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59564479,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10850","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13116","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Numerical Methods","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip-thermal-management","display_name":"chip thermal management","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hot-spots","display_name":"hot spots","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-uniform-temperature-distribution","display_name":"non-uniform temperature distribution","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pin-fins","display_name":"pin fins","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minichannels","display_name":"minichannels","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjugate-heat-transfer","display_name":"conjugate heat transfer","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-resistance","display_name":"thermal resistance","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-drop","display_name":"pressure drop","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pump-power","display_name":"pump power","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cpu-cooling","display_name":"CPU cooling","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-manufacturing","display_name":"additive manufacturing","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-device-reliability","display_name":"electronic equipment reliability","score":0.4020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91914117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056832","display_name":"Coolant","level":2,"score":0.6880137324333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76563973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189452","display_name":"Laminar flow","level":2,"score":0.5858147144317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.5685341954231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137693562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628","display_name":"Thermal resistance","level":3,"score":0.5439115166664124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.5180321335792542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5172725319862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186937647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1796959","display_name":"Heat sink","level":2,"score":0.5014588832855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.466127872467041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11026015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840551","display_name":"Computer cooling","level":3,"score":0.4590948522090912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.45031169056892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201289731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172599","display_name":"Inlet","level":2,"score":0.4342033267021179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.4123193919658661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.36438629031181335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114834414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15477170","display_name":"Thermal management of electronic devices and systems","level":2,"score":0.251611590385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17975682020187378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16786733269691467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.14164546132087708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0913347601890564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1115/ipack2023-111725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipack2023-111725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1115/ipack2023-111725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407088218","display_name":"ASME International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems (InterPACK)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ASME 2023 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7153883524","https://openalex.org/W4391145636","https://openalex.org/W4416381496","https://openalex.org/W4293795426","https://openalex.org/W4415151263","https://openalex.org/W3036964394","https://openalex.org/W4413765304","https://openalex.org/W7139977817","https://openalex.org/W4416171050","https://openalex.org/W4390639334"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1],"numerical":[2],"analysis":[3,186],"of":[4,7,21,35,88,97,117,133,144,205,224,237,266,268,319],"the":[5,13,18,29,42,55,70,77,118,131,141,218,238,246,263,269,274,292,303,320],"effects":[6],"water-cooled":[8,160],"cold":[9,146,161,219,239,270,285],"plate":[10,147,162,271,286],"designs":[11,148,163,272],"and":[12,67,112,127,168,198,242,251,273],"coolant":[14],"inlet":[15,206,222,275],"velocity":[16],"on":[17,54,84,291],"thermal":[19,47,98,115,235,264],"management":[20,48,116],"computer":[22,119],"chips":[23,120],"with":[24,178,287,298],"hotspots":[25],"is":[26,121,137,306,323],"presented.":[27],"With":[28],"increasing":[30],"demand":[31],"for":[32,174],"computational":[33],"capabilities":[34],"highperformance":[36],"computing,":[37],"non-uniform":[38,64],"temperature":[39,52,65,79,223,233,312],"distribution":[40,66,313],"across":[41],"chip":[43,56,71,247],"becomes":[44],"a":[45,175,179,214,284,310],"significant":[46],"problem.":[49],"Localized":[50],"high":[51],"regions":[53],"surface,":[57],"known":[58],"as":[59,101,210],"hotspots,":[60],"contribute":[61],"to":[62,73,123,130,139,193,228,261],"this":[63,157,280],"may":[68,314],"increase":[69],"temperatures":[72,244],"dangerous":[74],"levels.":[75],"Also,":[76],"resulting":[78],"gradient":[80],"has":[81],"detrimental":[82],"impact":[83],"various":[85,145],"reliability":[86,126],"mechanisms":[87],"electronic":[89],"devices.":[90],"Available":[91],"research":[92],"suggests":[93],"that":[94,149,283,309],"conventional":[95,154],"methods":[96],"management,":[99],"such":[100],"air-cooled":[102],"heat":[103,189,194],"sinks,":[104],"have":[105],"reached":[106],"their":[107,125],"optimal":[108],"limit.":[109],"Therefore,":[110],"novel":[111],"more":[113],"efficient":[114],"needed":[122],"improve":[124],"performance.":[128],"Thanks":[129],"advancement":[132],"additive":[134],"manufacturing,":[135],"it":[136],"possible":[138],"investigate":[140],"heat-removal":[142],"efficiency":[143],"are":[150,172,208],"not":[151],"achievable":[152],"using":[153,181],"manufacturing.":[155],"In":[156],"study,":[158],"several":[159],"involving":[164],"different":[165],"pin":[166,288],"fin":[167],"mini":[169],"channel":[170],"configurations":[171],"analyzed":[173],"typical":[176],"CPU":[177],"hotspot":[180,293],"COMSOL,":[182],"commercial":[183],"finite":[184],"element":[185],"program.":[187],"Conjugate":[188],"transfer":[190,195],"physics":[191],"corresponding":[192],"in":[196,301],"solids":[197],"laminar":[199,215],"flow":[200,216],"was":[201,226],"used.":[202],"Various":[203],"velocities":[204],"water":[207,225],"studied":[209],"well,":[211],"while":[212],"maintaining":[213],"inside":[217],"plate.":[220],"The":[221,277],"chosen":[227],"be":[229,315],"room":[230],"temperature.":[231],"Chip":[232],"uniformity,":[234],"resistance":[236],"plate,":[240],"maximum":[241],"minimum":[243],"at":[245],"level,":[248],"pressure":[249],"drop,":[250],"pump":[252],"power":[253],"were":[254,259],"calculated.":[255],"These":[256],"response":[257],"parameters":[258],"used":[260],"compare":[262],"performance":[265],"each":[267],"velocities.":[276],"results":[278],"from":[279],"study":[281],"suggest":[282],"fins":[289],"located":[290],"performs":[294],"better":[295],"than":[296],"one":[297],"only":[299],"channels":[300],"mitigating":[302],"hotspot.":[304],"It":[305],"also":[307],"observed":[308],"quasi-uniform":[311],"achieved":[316],"if":[317],"overcooling":[318],"background":[321],"region":[322],"avoided.":[324]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-05T09:50:58.205359","created_date":"2023-11-28T00:00:00"}
