{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389040685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3337034","title":"An Intelligent Scheduling Strategy in Fog Computing System Based on Multi-Objective Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithm","display_name":"An Intelligent Scheduling Strategy in Fog Computing System Based on Multi-Objective Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithm","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389040685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3337034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3337034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3337034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3337034","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10328858.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10328858.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075000442","display_name":"Media Ali Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7962-4736","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7962-4736"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253865","display_name":"Erbil Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/015m6h915","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405253865"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Media Ali Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information System Engineering, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7962-4736","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information System Engineering, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253865"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014770882","display_name":"Shavan K. Askar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9279-8181","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9279-8181"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253865","display_name":"Erbil Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/015m6h915","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405253865"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shavan Askar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information System Engineering, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9279-8181","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information System Engineering, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253865"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253865"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"fwci":4.8698,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95905779,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"133607","last_page":"133622"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14098","display_name":"Energy Efficiency in Computing","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fog-computing","display_name":"fog computing","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-scheduling","display_name":"task scheduling","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-allocation","display_name":"task allocation","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-deep-reinforcement-learning","display_name":"multi-objective deep reinforcement learning","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fog-node-selection","display_name":"fog node selection","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"multi-objective optimization","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moea-d","display_name":"MOEA/D","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nsga-ii","display_name":"NSGA-II","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pareto-front","display_name":"Pareto front","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"edge computing","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-q-network","display_name":"deep Q-network","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"load balancing","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"latency","score":0.3330000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8520144820213318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7391181588172913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5756560564041138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55416958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206757","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","level":3,"score":0.5519100427627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5263912677764893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.42733556032180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4221663475036621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.27942124009132385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.27888908982276917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24910959601402283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.13443276286125183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3337034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3337034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3337034","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10328858.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b4c2e9c0399c4c33a3d55516e6ad96cc","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b4c2e9c0399c4c33a3d55516e6ad96cc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 133607-133622 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3337034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3337034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3337034","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10328858.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389040685.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389040685.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119173531","https://openalex.org/W2128715686","https://openalex.org/W2766722289","https://openalex.org/W2790257945","https://openalex.org/W2809963016","https://openalex.org/W2892464762","https://openalex.org/W2916994210","https://openalex.org/W2955839202","https://openalex.org/W2968424451","https://openalex.org/W2972047422","https://openalex.org/W2972192263","https://openalex.org/W2990913508","https://openalex.org/W3049046697","https://openalex.org/W3101304220","https://openalex.org/W3118997420","https://openalex.org/W3119035836","https://openalex.org/W3128190089","https://openalex.org/W3131181397","https://openalex.org/W3134322065","https://openalex.org/W3164721774","https://openalex.org/W3188796960","https://openalex.org/W3196751864","https://openalex.org/W4213446031","https://openalex.org/W4283804538","https://openalex.org/W4317564935","https://openalex.org/W4322720573","https://openalex.org/W4367313557"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7170319706","https://openalex.org/W3197817030","https://openalex.org/W4414598834","https://openalex.org/W4293660627","https://openalex.org/W2990913508","https://openalex.org/W7167702665","https://openalex.org/W7213618103","https://openalex.org/W4402764873","https://openalex.org/W4413903464","https://openalex.org/W7117320998"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fog":[0],"computing":[1,31],"(FC)":[2],"has":[3],"recently":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,56,121,128,151,162],"promising":[8],"new":[9],"paradigm":[10],"that":[11,183,197],"provides":[12],"resource-intensive":[13],"Internet":[14],"of":[15,30,240],"Things":[16],"(IoT)":[17],"applications":[18],"with":[19,236,253],"low-latency":[20],"services":[21],"at":[22],"the":[23,27,186,208,254],"network":[24,112],"edge.":[25],"However,":[26,118],"limited":[28],"capacity":[29],"resources":[32],"in":[33,55],"fog":[34],"colonies":[35],"pose":[36],"great":[37],"challenges":[38],"for":[39,69,115,207],"scheduling":[40,52,201],"and":[41,85,97,133,172,213,233,248],"allocating":[42],"application":[43],"tasks.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46,119,157],"paper,":[47],"we":[48,159],"propose":[49,160],"an":[50,237],"intelligent":[51,200],"strategy":[53,202],"algorithm":[54,136,167,176,182],"FC":[57],"system":[58],"based":[59,76,108,168],"on":[60,77,109,169],"multi-Objective":[61],"Deep":[62,103],"Reinforcement":[63,104],"learning":[64],"(MODRL)":[65],"to":[66,143,150],"select":[67,138],"nodes":[68,73,141],"task":[70,86,95,98,216],"processing":[71,140,226],"(fog":[72],"or":[74],"cloud)":[75],"three":[78,102,191],"objectives:":[79],"node":[80,83,188],"current":[81],"load,":[82,232],"distance,":[84],"priority.":[87],"The":[88,193],"proposed":[89,199],"model":[90],"addresses":[91],"two":[92],"main":[93],"problems:":[94],"allocation":[96],"scheduling.":[99],"We":[100],"employ":[101],"Learning":[105],"(DRL)":[106],"agents":[107],"deep":[110],"Q":[111],"(DQN),":[113],"one":[114],"each":[116,135],"objective.":[117],"is":[120,127],"more":[122],"challenging":[123],"scenario":[124],"because":[125],"there":[126],"trade-off":[129],"among":[130],"these":[131],"objectives,":[132],"eventually,":[134],"may":[137],"different":[139],"according":[142],"its":[144],"own":[145],"objective,":[146],"which":[147,178],"brings":[148],"us":[149],"Pareto":[152],"Front":[153],"problem.":[154],"To":[155],"solve":[156],"problem,":[158],"using":[161],"multi-objective":[163,165,180],"optimization;":[164],"evolutionary":[166],"decomposition":[170],"(MOEA/D),":[171],"non-dominated":[173],"sorting":[174],"genetic":[175],"(NSGA2),":[177],"are":[179],"optimization":[181],"can":[184],"choose":[185],"optimal":[187],"while":[189],"considering":[190],"objectives.":[192],"simulation":[194],"results":[195],"show":[196],"our":[198],"could":[203],"achieve":[204],"better":[205],"outcomes":[206],"various":[209],"employed":[210],"performance,":[211],"efficiency,":[212],"adaptability":[214],"metrics:":[215],"completion":[217],"time,":[218],"makespan,":[219],"queueing":[220],"delay,":[221,223,225,227,229],"propagation":[222],"transmission":[224],"computational":[228],"latency,":[230],"CPU":[231],"storage":[234],"utilization,":[235],"average":[238],"value":[239],"2.02ms,":[241],"10ms,2ms,":[242],"9.9ms,":[243],"25ms,":[244],"1.0ms,":[245],"3.5ms,":[246],"%10,":[247],"%":[249],"99,":[250],"respectively,":[251],"compared":[252],"existing":[255],"related":[256],"research":[257],"studies.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2023-11-28T00:00:00"}
