{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389037979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dvg.23577","title":"Ciona, an ideal research organism to study the role of enhancers","display_name":"Ciona, an ideal research organism to study the role of enhancers","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389037979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dvg.23577","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38009359"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/dvg.23577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dvg.23577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dvg.23577","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/dvg.23577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124648948","display_name":"genesis","issn_l":"1526-954X","issn":["1526-954X","1526-968X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"genesis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/dvg.23577","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031598839","display_name":"Emma K. Farley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9241-247X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9241-247X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emma Kirsten Farley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA","Department of Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9241-247X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031598839"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":{"value":3450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3450},"apc_paid":{"value":3450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3450},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12280556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"6","first_page":"e23577","last_page":"e23577"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10222","display_name":"Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics","score":0.8871999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10222","display_name":"Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics","score":0.8871999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10268","display_name":"Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation","score":0.07930000126361847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10505","display_name":"Pluripotent Stem Cells Research","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciona-intestinalis","display_name":"Ciona intestinalis","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhancers","display_name":"enhancers","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhancer-function","display_name":"enhancer function","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-gene-regulation","display_name":"developmental gene regulation","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroporation","display_name":"electroporation","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embryonic-development","display_name":"embryonic development","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcription-factors","display_name":"transcription factors","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-fate-specification","display_name":"cell fate specification","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stem-cells","display_name":"stem cells","score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopaminergic-neurons","display_name":"dopaminergic neurons","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinson-s-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrx","display_name":"ATRX","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-thalassemia","display_name":"alpha-thalassemia","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome-regulation","display_name":"genome regulation","score":0.3179999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779528156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2567701","display_name":"Ciona intestinalis","level":3,"score":0.8103972673416138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137858568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239","display_name":"Organism","level":2,"score":0.7505800724029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","level":2,"score":0.6872345209121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780205128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3677397","display_name":"Ciona","level":4,"score":0.6214924454689026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5845159888267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111936080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913367","display_name":"Enhancer","level":4,"score":0.5243908762931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19843653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213907","display_name":"Model organism","level":3,"score":0.5143381357192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.3374214172363281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.3371402621269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.23206529021263123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.13894560933113098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.12906455993652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.09269556403160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077262","descriptor_name":"Ciona","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002938","descriptor_name":"Ciona intestinalis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012045","descriptor_name":"Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/dvg.23577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dvg.23577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dvg.23577","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/dvg.23577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124648948","display_name":"genesis","issn_l":"1526-954X","issn":["1526-954X","1526-968X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"genesis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38009359","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38009359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/dvg.23577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dvg.23577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dvg.23577","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/dvg.23577","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124648948","display_name":"genesis","issn_l":"1526-954X","issn":["1526-954X","1526-968X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"genesis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.46810001134872437,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389037979.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389037979.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002964220","https://openalex.org/W2308616703","https://openalex.org/W2345943684","https://openalex.org/W3133716533","https://openalex.org/W4281712283","https://openalex.org/W4318678619","https://openalex.org/W4387675471"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6927102257","https://openalex.org/W2279488356","https://openalex.org/W4244861032","https://openalex.org/W2003428856","https://openalex.org/W2562366142","https://openalex.org/W2012600589","https://openalex.org/W7053330204","https://openalex.org/W2591953949","https://openalex.org/W6887939087","https://openalex.org/W7211641174"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Watching":[0],"documentaries":[1],"as":[2,28,224,756,928,958,960,1083,1085,1292],"a":[3,34,53,138,211,225,272,339,360,437,465,671,679,728,771,837,961],"child,":[4],"I":[5,22,45,61,108,131,141,149,166,185,239,309,334,343,368,371,425,435,456,873,1016,1028,1042,1086,1108,1116,1156,1293],"became":[6],"fascinated":[7],"by":[8,475,727,1120],"how":[9,187,256,324,415,471,911],"genomes":[10,257,326],"encode":[11,258,327,518,990],"the":[12,17,29,64,75,96,105,113,116,126,161,175,241,246,251,286,295,298,301,328,382,416,486,531,538,560,571,586,619,628,636,646,649,652,656,666,674,691,703,725,774,779,855,982,1030,1054,1057,1067,1091,1106,1123,1163,1175,1197,1208,1232,1280],"instructions":[13,329,417],"to":[14,32,52,133,151,203,206,254,379,386,404,413,443,459,469,516,537,568,690,738,792,811,850,875,882,908,989,1000,1009,1020,1048,1173,1188,1204,1216,1222,1243,1249,1279],"make":[15],"all":[16,1122,1205,1224],"cells":[18,73,155,205,276,283,296],"of":[19,37,66,71,89,98,147,163,274,363,384,391,447,464,562,577,588,621,639,658,673,682,714,724,778,795,819,891,984,986,1056,1096,1145,1159,1199,1207,1231],"an":[20,332,395,410,788,813],"organism.":[21,333],"studied":[23,186],"Biochemistry":[24],"at":[25,43,170,174,245,359,869,910],"Oxford":[26],"University":[27],"subject":[30],"seemed":[31],"provide":[33],"mechanistic":[35],"understanding":[36,323],"living":[38],"systems.":[39],"During":[40],"my":[41,47,135,168,306,427,841,866,1061,1113,1136,1168,1200,1269],"time":[42,262,1089],"Oxford,":[44],"completed":[46],"part":[48],"II":[49],"thesis":[50],"(similar":[51],"master's":[54],"project)":[55],"in":[56,85,137,160,193,210,261,285,297,314,341,347,422,433,451,545,606,627,678,702,840,913,922,964,969,997,1012,1034,1090,1112,1162,1298],"Prof.":[57,353,430,1021],"Doug":[58,1244],"Higgs'":[59],"lab.":[60,1063],"learned":[62],"about":[63,336,357],"regulation":[65,1251],"gene":[67,90,102,259,1250],"expression":[68,103,260,484,685,954],"during":[69,1196],"development":[70,419],"blood":[72,106,114],"and":[74,82,115,123,156,196,199,230,263,277,367,381,480,490,579,581,625,668,695,706,731,776,817,839,899,924,930,955,966,971,1014,1099,1130,1138,1151,1183,1212,1240,1252,1256,1262,1284,1288],"disease":[76,100],"ATRX":[77],"which":[78,342,993,1052,1101],"causes":[79],"alpha":[80],"thalassemia":[81],"neurological":[83],"defects":[84],"patients":[86,234],"via":[87],"misregulation":[88],"expression.":[91,520,663],"While":[92,238,1064],"we":[93,503,765,769,844,994],"were":[94,269,602,608,760,1038],"studying":[95,111],"effects":[97],"this":[99,129,201,472,1006],"on":[101],"within":[104,349,485,651,670,784,854,1060],"system,":[107,244],"wondered":[109],"if":[110,294],"both":[112],"brain":[117],"may":[118],"help":[119],"find":[120,851,883],"generalizable":[121],"principles":[122,915],"mechanisms":[124],"driving":[125,952],"disease.":[127,237],"For":[128],"reason,":[130],"wanted":[132],"do":[134],"Ph.D.":[136,169],"system":[139,253,340,412],"where":[140,549,585],"could":[142,290,344,654],"study":[143,345,405],"many":[144,445,546,1078,1158],"different":[145],"types":[146],"cells.":[148],"decided":[150],"work":[152],"with":[153,181,235,375,429,527,1194],"stem":[154,204,218,242,266],"transcription":[157,512,640,740],"factors":[158,478,591],"involved":[159],"specification":[162],"cell":[164,243,267],"fate.":[165],"did":[167],"Imperial":[171],"College":[172],"London":[173,177],"MRC":[176],"Medical":[178],"Sciences":[179],"Center":[180],"Dr.":[182],"Meng":[183,1260],"Li.":[184],"midbrain":[188],"dopaminergic":[189,208,220,303],"neurons":[190,209,221],"are":[191,420,525,554,718],"made":[192],"developing":[194,316,351,452],"mouse":[195],"chick":[197],"brains":[198],"applied":[200],"knowledge":[202],"create":[207],"dish.":[212,287],"The":[213,712,745],"hope":[214,1157],"was":[215,249,369,754,1070,1094],"that":[216,311,373,505,559,570,598,618,717,733,747,790,942],"these":[217,501,522,589,847,1050],"cell-derived":[219],"would":[222,318,393,1043],"serve":[223],"platform":[226],"for":[227,233,322,330,338,398,418,449,604,635,805,878,1024,1040,1214,1237,1246,1265,1276,1289],"drug":[228],"screening":[229],"therapeutic":[231],"approaches":[232,313],"Parkinson's":[236],"value":[240],"time,":[247],"it":[248,757,1037],"not":[250,633,1039,1044],"ideal":[252,396,411],"explore":[255],"space.":[264],"My":[265,1088,1141],"cultures":[268],"often":[270],"heterogenous;":[271],"mixture":[273],"neural-like":[275],"other":[278,547,925,1001],"cells,":[279],"most":[280],"commonly":[281],"cardiac":[282],"beating":[284],"And":[288],"one":[289,1131],"never":[291,1074],"truly":[292],"know":[293],"dish":[299],"recapitulated":[300],"endogenous":[302,629],"neurons.":[304],"Through":[305],"research":[307,1058],"experiences,":[308],"thought":[310],"experimental":[312],"whole":[315,350,399],"embryos":[317],"be":[319,394,812],"better":[320],"suited":[321],"our":[325,423,1217],"making":[331],"set":[335],"looking":[337],"enhancers":[346,448,506,726,748,759,786,853,917,988,1082,1296],"high-throughput":[348,401,879,1031,1295],"organisms.":[352],"Mike":[354,431,1022,1274],"Levine":[355,432,1023,1068,1092,1225,1233],"spoke":[356],"Ciona":[358,408,453,877,923,965,1164],"British":[361],"Society":[362],"Developmental":[364],"Biology":[365],"meeting,":[366],"hooked.":[370],"realized":[372],"Ciona,":[374,897,998,1287],"its":[376],"close":[377],"relation":[378],"vertebrates":[380],"power":[383],"electroporation":[385],"incorporate":[387],"plasmids":[388],"into":[389,1105],"millions":[390,446],"embryos,":[392],"organism":[397,1283],"embryo":[400],"reporter":[402],"assays":[403],"enhancers.":[406,886],"Thus,":[407,808,981],"is":[409,533,542,566,582,592,632,686,699,736],"decipher":[414],"encoded":[421],"genomes.":[424],"started":[426],"postdoc":[428,838,1132],"2012.":[434],"developed":[436,1294],"synthetic":[438],"enhancer":[439,468,473,532,572,653,676,880,892,1032],"library":[440],"screen":[441],"(SEL-seq)":[442],"test":[444,460],"activity":[450],"(Figure":[454,498,710,1154],"1a).":[455],"used":[457,846],"SEL-Seq":[458],"2.5":[461],"million":[462],"variants":[463,945],"neural":[466,539,662,692],"Otx-a":[467,630,675],"examine":[470],"activated":[474],"two":[476,590,1127,1146],"pleiotropic":[477],"(ETS":[479],"GATA)":[481],"encodes":[482],"neural-specific":[483],"anterior":[487],"sensory":[488,708],"vesicle":[489,709],"dorsal":[491],"nerve":[492],"cord":[493],"(Farley":[494,641,741,824,857],"et":[495,612,642,742,825,829,858,862,902,933,937,974,978],"al.,":[496,613,643,743,826,830,859,863,903,934,938,975,979],"2015)":[497],"1b).":[499],"From":[500],"screens,":[502],"discovered":[504,996],"need":[507],"low":[508],"or":[509,552],"suboptimal":[510,563],"affinity":[511,564,667,775,816,951],"factor":[513,730],"binding":[514,752,780,820,949],"sites":[515,524,565,601,622,650,716,753,783,800,821],"correctly":[517],"tissue-specific":[519,852,991],"If":[521,1036],"low-affinity":[523,599,715],"replaced":[526],"high-affinity":[528],"sites,":[529],"then":[530],"no":[534,687],"longer":[535,688],"restricted":[536,689],"lineages":[540],"but":[541,698,1228],"also":[543,609,616,700,906,1071,1220],"active":[544,584],"tissues":[548],"FGF":[550],"signaling":[551],"GATA":[553,580],"present.":[555],"These":[556],"studies":[557],"illustrate":[558],"use":[561,713],"critical":[567],"ensure":[569],"remains":[573],"under":[574],"combinatorial":[575,734],"control":[576,735],"ETS":[578],"only":[583],"concentration":[587],"just":[593],"right.":[594],"Similar":[595],"results":[596,677],"showing":[597],"Hox":[600],"important":[603],"specificity":[605],"flies":[607],"reported":[610],"(Crocker":[611],"2015).":[614,644,744],"We":[615,887],"found":[617,889,941],"organization":[620,777,789,818],"(order,":[623],"spacing,":[624],"orientation)":[626],"sequence":[631],"optimal":[634,803],"highest":[637],"level":[638],"Changing":[645],"spacing":[647,669,804],"between":[648,773,815],"increase":[655,948],"levels":[657,794],"transcription,":[659],"giving":[660],"stronger":[661],"Indeed,":[664],"optimizing":[665],"version":[672],"complete":[680],"loss":[681],"tissue":[683,693],"specificity;":[684],"(a6.5":[694],"b6.5":[696],"lineages)":[697],"seen":[701],"notochord,":[704],"endoderm,":[705],"posterior":[707],"1b,c).":[711],"non-optimally":[719],"organized":[720],"prevents":[721],"aberrant":[722],"activation":[723],"single":[729,943],"means":[732],"required":[737],"activate":[739],"realization":[746],"contain":[749],"incredibly":[750,1018],"degenerate":[751],"alarming":[755],"meant":[758],"even":[761],"more":[762],"complex":[763],"than":[764],"originally":[766],"thought.":[767],"Luckily,":[768],"noticed":[770],"relationship":[772],"sites.":[781],"Low-affinity":[782],"native":[785],"had":[787,801],"led":[791],"higher":[793],"transcriptional":[796,806],"output,":[797],"while":[798,1027],"higher-affinity":[799],"less":[802],"output.":[807],"there":[809],"appeared":[810],"interplay":[814],"(enhancer":[822],"grammar)":[823],"2015;":[827],"Farley":[828,1209],"2016;":[831,860],"Jindal":[832],"&":[833],"Farley,":[834],"2021).":[835],"As":[836],"own":[842,867,1062,1114],"lab,":[843,1115,1210],"have":[845,888,1045,1133],"grammatical":[848],"rules":[849,884],"genome":[856],"Song":[861],"2023).":[864,904],"In":[865],"lab":[868,1069,1093,1137,1142,1226,1234],"UC":[870],"San":[871],"Diego,":[872],"continue":[874],"harness":[876],"screens":[881,1033,1297],"governing":[885,916],"signatures":[890],"grammar":[893],"conserved":[894],"across":[895],"chordates\u2014in":[896],"mice,":[898],"humans":[900,931,972],"(Song":[901],"We've":[905,940],"expanded":[907],"look":[909],"violations":[912],"regulatory":[914],"can":[918,947],"drive":[919],"organismal-level":[920],"phenotypes":[921,957,1011],"species,":[926],"such":[927],"mice":[929,970],"(Jindal":[932,973],"2023;":[935,976],"Lim":[936,977],"2022).":[939,980],"nucleotide":[944],"(SNVs)":[946],"site":[950],"ectopic":[953],"organismal":[956],"severe":[959],"second":[962],"heart":[963],"extra":[967],"fingers":[968],"principle":[983,1007],"suboptimization":[985],"developmental":[987],"expression,":[992],"initially":[995],"applies":[999],"organisms":[1002],"too.":[1003],"Furthermore,":[1004],"violating":[1005],"leads":[1008],"major":[1010],"tunicates":[1013],"vertebrates.":[1015],"am":[1017,1109],"grateful":[1019],"supporting":[1025,1290],"me":[1026,1103,1195,1248,1267,1278,1291],"pursued":[1029],"Ciona.":[1035,1299],"him,":[1041],"been":[1046,1075,1171],"able":[1047],"realize":[1049],"experiments,":[1051],"formed":[1053],"foundation":[1055],"conducted":[1059],"occasionally":[1065],"challenging,":[1066],"fun.":[1072],"I'd":[1073,1186,1219],"around":[1076],"so":[1077],"people":[1079],"who":[1080,1191],"loved":[1081],"much":[1084],"did.":[1087],"full":[1095],"exciting":[1097],"conversations":[1098],"brainstorming,":[1100],"helped":[1102],"develop":[1104],"scientist":[1107],"today.":[1110],"Now":[1111],"enjoy":[1117],"being":[1118],"surrounded":[1119],"enhancerophiles":[1121],"time.":[1124],"So":[1125],"far,":[1126],"graduate":[1128,1149],"students":[1129],"graduated":[1134],"from":[1135,1235],"joined":[1139],"industry.":[1140],"now":[1143],"consists":[1144],"postdocs,":[1147],"three":[1148,1152],"students,":[1150],"undergraduates":[1153],"2).":[1155],"them":[1160],"remain":[1161],"community.":[1165],"To":[1166],"support":[1167,1255],"research,":[1169],"I've":[1170],"fortunate":[1172],"receive":[1174],"NIH":[1176],"New":[1177],"Innovator":[1178],"Award,":[1179,1182],"NSF":[1180],"CAREER":[1181],"NHGRI":[1184],"R01.":[1185],"like":[1187,1221],"thank":[1189,1223,1272],"everyone":[1190],"has":[1192],"worked":[1193],"course":[1198],"research.":[1201],"Special":[1202],"thanks":[1203],"members":[1206,1230],"past":[1211],"present,":[1213],"contributing":[1215],"discoveries.":[1218],"alumni,":[1227],"especially":[1229],"2012-2016,":[1236],"helpful":[1238],"discussions":[1239],"support.":[1241],"Thanks":[1242],"Higgs":[1245],"introducing":[1247,1277],"his":[1253],"continued":[1254],"advice.":[1257],"Thank":[1258],"you":[1259],"Li":[1261],"Emily":[1263],"Gale":[1264],"mentoring":[1266],"through":[1268],"PhD.":[1270],"Finally,":[1271],"you,":[1273],"Levine,":[1275],"amazing":[1281],"model":[1282],"proto-vertebrate":[1285],"\u2013":[1286]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2023-11-28T00:00:00"}